Data domain

For other uses, see Data domain (disambiguation).

In data management and database analysis, a data domain refers to all the values which a data element may contain. The rule for determining the domain boundary may be as simple as a data type with an enumerated list of values.[1]

For example, a database table that has information about people, with one record per person, might have a "sex" column. This sex column might be declared as a string data type, and allowed to have one of three known code values: "M" for male, "F" for female, "X" for intersex—and NULL for records where sex is unknown or not applicable (or arguably "U" for unknown as a sentinel value). The data domain for the sex column is: "M", "F", "X".

In a normalized data model, the reference domain is typically specified in a reference table. Following the previous example, a Sex reference table would have exactly three records, one per allowed value—excluding NULL. Reference tables are formally related to other tables in a database by the use of foreign keys.

Less simple domain boundary rules, if database-enforced, may be implemented through a check constraint or, in more complex cases, in a database trigger. For example, a column requiring positive numeric values may have a check constraint declaring that the values must be greater than zero.

This definition combines the concepts of domain as an area over which control is exercised and the mathematical idea of a set of values of an independent variable for which a function is defined. See: domain (mathematics).

References

  1. ↑ Loshin, David (2001). "Enterprise knowledge management: the data quality approach". books.google.co.uk. ISBN 978-0-12-455840-3. Retrieved 19 August 2011.

See also