Damxung County

Damxung County
当雄县 · འདམ་གཞུང་རྫོང་།
County


Location of Damxung County within Tibet
Coordinates: 30°31′04″N 90°45′46″E / 30.51778°N 90.76278°ECoordinates: 30°31′04″N 90°45′46″E / 30.51778°N 90.76278°E
Country China
Province Tibet
Prefecture Lhasa
Capital Damquka
Area
 • Total 10,036 km2 (3,875 sq mi)
Population (1999)
 • Total 38,473
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)
Damxung County
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese 当雄县
Traditional Chinese 當雄縣
Tibetan name
Tibetan འདམ་གཞུང་རྫོང་།
Sketch map showing rivers. Many of the Lhasa River tributaries rise in Damxung.

Damxung is a county in the Lhasa prefecture-level city to the north of the main center of Lhasa in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Its administrative seat is Damquka. The terrain is rugged, including the western Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains, with their highest peak rising to 7,111 metres (23,330 ft). As of 2013 the population was 40,000, with most of the people engaged in animal husbandry.

Location

Damxung means "select pasture" in the Tibetan language.[1] The county has an area of 10,036 square kilometres (3,875 sq mi), with rugged topography.[2] Damxung is long and narrow, measuring 185 kilometres (115 mi) from the northeast to southwest extremes, and at most 65 kilometres (40 mi) across.[1] It is tectonically active. On 6 October 2008 an earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter magnitude scale was reported.[1] In November 2010 a moderate quake in Damxung at 5.2 on the Richter scale shook office windows in Lhasa. There were no casualties, but houses were damaged.[3]

In the extreme northeast of the county, Namtso lake has an area of 1,920 square kilometres (740 sq mi), of which 45% lies in Damxung county. Namtso is one of the great lakes of the Tibetan plateau. The Nyenchen Tanglha (or Nyainqentanglha) mountains extend along the northwest of the county. Mount Nyenchen Tanglha is the highest peak in the region, at 7,111 metres (23,330 ft). The Nyainqêntanglha mountains define the watershed between northern and southern Tibet.[4] A valley with elevation of about 4,200 metres (13,800 ft) runs parallel to the mountains to their southeast, sloping from northwest to southeast. 30% of the county's total area is in the prairie of this valley.[1]

Climate

Damxung is cold and dry in the winter, cool and wet in summer, with very variable weather. The average annual temperature is 1.3 °C (34.3 °F), with only 62 frost-free days. The land is frozen from the start of November to the following March. Pasture has 90–120 days for growth. Average annual precipitation is 481 millimetres (18.9 in).[1]

Administration

Damxung County was established in 1959, and is divided into two towns and six townships. The seat of government is in Dangquka (当曲卡镇).

Name Tibetan Wylie Chinese Pinyin
Damquka Town འདམ་ཆུ་ཁ། ’dam chu kha 当曲卡镇 Dāngqǔkǎ Zhèn
Yangbajain Town ཡངས་པ་ཅན།། yangs pa can 羊八井镇 Yángbājǐng Zhèn
Gyaidar Township རྒྱས་དར།། rgyas dar 格达乡 Gédá Xiāng
Nyingzhung Township སྙིང་དྲུང། snying drung 宁中乡 Níngzhōng Xiāng
Gongtang Township ཀོང་ཐང། kong thang 公塘乡 Gōngtáng Xiāng
Lungring Township ལུང་རིང། lung ring 龙仁乡 Lóngrén Xiāng
Uma Township དབུ་མ་ཐང། dbu ma thang 乌玛塘乡 Wūmǎtáng Xiāng
Namco Township གནམ་མཚོ། gnam mtsho 纳木错乡 Nàmùcuò Xiāng

Population and economy

Yangbajing geothermal power station

As of 2013 the population was 40,000, up from 35,000 in 1997.[4] In 2000 Damxung had a total population of 39,169, of which 19,429 were male and 18,740 were female. Almost all were ethnic Tibetans. The rural population was 36,607 and the urban population 2,562.[5] As of 2009 there were 37 primary and secondary school buildings.[4] There were seven hospitals, including a county hospital, with a total of 40 beds and 161 medical personnel.[5]

Natural grasslands cover 693,171 hectares (1,712,860 acres), of which 68% is considered excellent.[2] Almost all the people are engaged in rearing livestock, including yaks, sheep, goats and horses.[1] In 1999 the herds other than horses included 224,600 sheep (42.55%), 179,600 yak (34.02%), 116,900 goats (22.14%).[5]

The Qinghai-Tibet Highway (China National Highway 109) runs from east to west across the county. Damxung Railway Station links the county to the city of Lhasa to the south.[4] There is a large geothermal field at Yangbajain. This is harnessed by generating units that deliver 25,181 kilowatts, or 100 million kilowatts annually, to the city of Lhasa to the south.[6] The transmission line follows the Duilong River south through Doilungdêqên County.[7] Yangbajain Geothermal Field is currently the largest proven geothermal field of its nature in China. There is a gypsum mine with reserves of 100 million tons in Uma township. Other mineral resources include aluminum, tin, lead, zinc and copper.[6]

Monuments

Kangma Monastery (康玛寺) is in Chonggar Village, Gungtang Township, Damxung County, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from the county seat. The monastery belonged to the Gelug sect, and was administered by the Hardongkangcun of the Tantric School of Sera Monastery. As of 2003 it had 62 monks and was the largest monastery in Damxung. It was said to have been built by a monk from Kangma in Garze Prefecture. The meditation room has 1,213 carved stone reliefs of Buddha, mostly about 20 by 30 centimetres (7.9 by 11.8 in). They are about three hundred years old.[8] The temple stands on a barren slope below a mountain, but the meeting room has electric light and heating. The temple operates a tea house and a grocery store. The monks have built a two-story dormitory.[9]

Yangpachen Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Yangbajain, historically the seat of the Shamarpas of Karma Kagyu.[10] It is the main monastery of the Red Hat school of the Karma Kagyu sect. It was built in 1490, and through extensive repairs and additions grew into a major architectural complex that contained a large collection of cultural relics. The Red Hat school of Karma Kagyu died out in 1791. The monastery was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, but later was rebuilt.[11]

The Eight Towers of Northern Tibet (藏北八塔) in Wumatang (Uma) townland are said to be the guardians of the grasslands of northern Tibet. One story of their origin is that eight generals of King Gesar, who unified the grasslands of northern Tibet, were killed at this place and the towers were built to commemorate them. Another says that the eight generals of the Mongol army were killed here. This may be more plausible, since the names seem to have Mongol origins.[12]

Namtso lake is the second-largest salt lake in China. It has vivid turquoise-blue waters and is set in spectacular scenery. The Tashi Dor Monastery is at an elevation of 4,718 metres (15,479 ft) in the southeastern corner of the lake.[13] It is situated on the Tashi Dor promontory. It is more a chapel than a monastery, with two small buildings holding images of local deities.[14]

References

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    Sources