Cupressus forbesii
| Cupressus forbesii | |
|---|---|
 | |
| One of the few survivors of 2006 Coal Canyon Fire, Cleveland National Forest. | |
| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Cupressaceae |
| Genus: | Cupressus |
| Species: | C. forbesii |
| Binomial name | |
| Cupressus forbesii Jeps. | |
 | |
| Natural range of Cupressus forbesii | |
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| Cupressus forbesii (green) Cupressus guadalupensis (red) | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Hesperocyparis forbesii | |
Cupressus forbesii, now reclassified by some as Hesperocyparis forbesii,[1][2][5] and with the common names Tecate cypress or Forbes' cypress,[1][6] is a species of cypress native to southwestern North America.[1]
Distribution
Cupressus forbesii is endemic to montane chaparral and woodlands habitats in the western Peninsular Ranges. It grows at elevations of 450–1,500 metres (1,480–4,920 ft). [7] The tree is only found in the Santa Ana Mountains of Orange County and in San Diego County within Southern California, and in northern Baja California state of Mexico.[7]
The northernmost stand, in Orange County, which comprises a large area on the upper limits of Coal Canyon and on Sierra Peak in the Santa Ana Mountains, burned in a 2006 wildfire. Very few mature trees survived but regeneration is occurring by the hundreds to thousands. However another wildfire before trees are able to reach cone-producing age, which can be quite old for this species, could extirpate the stand.
Description
Cupressus forbesii reaches 10 metres (33 ft), and is usually without dominant terminal shoot resulting in a multi-trunked tree. The foliage ranges from rich light green to green, and seed cones are dark brown, 20–32 mm.[7]
at Guatay Mountain, Cuyamaca Mountains
Taxonomy
Cupressus forbesii has in the past been referred to as Cupressus guadalupensis var. forbesii. This taxonomy has been somewhat controversial, as morphology and molecular testing have both shown Cupressus guadalupensis to be genetically distinct enough from Cupressus forbesii to warrant being placed in its own species. Cupressus guadalupensis is endemic to Guadalupe Island off Baja California, two hundred fifty miles away from any C. forbesii stands. Molecular testing has shown Cupressus guadalupensis to be slightly more closely related to Cupressus stephensonii.
Major differences between Tecate cypress (Cupressus forbesii) and Guadalupe cypress (Cupressus guadalupensis) are:
- Guadalupe cypress, when mature, makes a much more massive and taller tree than Tecate cypress.
- Guadalupe cypress has glaucous, somewhat blue-tinted foliage, while Tecate cypress has very green foliage.
- Guadalupe cypress cones will open without fire, while Tecate cypress cones differ from any other species of California Cypress, in that even once disconnected from the parent tree, they will not open without heat.
Ecology
The Tecate cypress is the only plant on which the rare Thorne's Hairstreak (Callophrys gryneus thornei) lays its eggs.[8]
Cultivation
Cupressus forbesii has proven to be a successful specimen tree, tolerant of the California Coastal climate and its cool temperatures and humidity, where other inland-growing cypress species such as Cupressus macnabiana have done poorly in these conditions. A Tecate Cypress planted at Strybing Arboretum in San Francisco is showing vigor and produces viable cones at forty years of age.
See also
- California chaparral and woodlands - (ecoregion)
- California montane chaparral and woodlands- (subecoregion)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Jepson (TJM2): Hesperocyparis forbesii . accessed 4.6.2015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 USDA: Hesperocyparis forbesii . accessed 4.6.2015.
- ↑ ITIS Standard Report Page: Callitropsis forbsii . accessed 4.6.2015
- ↑ Flora of North America @ efloras.org: Cupressus guadalupensis var. forbesii
- ↑ Calflora: Hesperocyparis forbesii
- ↑ Conifers.org: Cupressus forbesii . accessed 12 November 2010.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Jepson Manual (TJM93)
- ↑ Lee, M. Rare Otay butterfly doesn't make 'endangered' list. San Diego Union-Tribune February 22, 2011.
Further reading
- Little, D.P. 2006. Evolution and circumscription of the true cypresses (Cupressaceae: Cupressus). Systematic Botany 31(3): 461-480.
- Wolf, C. B. & Wagener, W. E. (1948). The New World cypresses. El Aliso 1: 195-205.
External links
- Calflora Database: Hesperocyparis forbesii (Tecate cypress) — current classification.
- Jepson eFlora (TJM2) treatment for Hesperocyparis forbesii
- USDA Profile for Hesperocyparis forbesii (Tecate cypress)
- The Gymnosperm Database: Cupressus forbesii
- Cupressus forbesii/Hesperocyparis forbesii — U.C. Photos Gallery
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