Cugir

For the river, see Cugir River. For the weapon, see Cugir machine gun.
Cugir
Town

Coat of arms
Cugir

Location of Cugir

Coordinates: 45°50′37″N 23°21′49″E / 45.84361°N 23.36361°ECoordinates: 45°50′37″N 23°21′49″E / 45.84361°N 23.36361°E
Country  Romania
County Alba County
Status Town
Government
 • Mayor Adrian Ovidiu Teban (National Liberal Party)
Area
 • Total 345.77 km2 (133.50 sq mi)
Population (2011)[1]
 • Total 21,376
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Website http://www.primariacugir.ro

Cugir (Romanian pronunciation: [kuˈd͡ʒir]; German: Kunendorf, Kudschir, Hungarian: Kudzsir) is a town in Alba county, the central settlement of the Breadfield, in Romania. About 45 kilometers south-west of Alba-Iulia, the capital of the county, and 300 meters above sea level at the base of the Surianu Mountains.

Administration

Cugir, a town since 1968, administers seven villages: Bocșitura (Potschitur), Bucuru (Bukur), Călene (Kalleney), Fețeni (Fetzeberg), Goașele (Eisenhammer), Mugești (Kudschirstallen) and Vinerea (Wolfsdorf).

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, there was a total population of 21,376 people living in the town. Of those for whom data were available, 95.4% were Romanians, 3.4% Roma, 0.9% Hungarians and 0.2% Germans.[1]

Name

Throughout the history the name of the town is mentioned in many documents under different names in different languages, therefore the old settlement "villa Kunentum" becomes in 1493 villa Kudzyr, in 1566 Kwczyr, in 1599 - Kuchir, in 1656 - Kuchjir, in 1673 - Kucsir, in 1733 - Kuser, in 1750 - Kudsier, 1760-1762 - Kudzser, in 1805 Kudsir and in 1850 - Kusir.

History

Ancient times

Numerous archeological discoveries prove that life in the region flourished as early as the Bronze Age, around the 10th century BC, Cugir being part of the territory known as "The Iron Gates of Transylvania", a region famous for its natural iron resources. In 88-44 BC, king Burebista, the most powerful of the kings of Thrace, according to the historian Acronion, establishes the new capital in the area, at Sarmizegetusa Regia (located in the Surianu Mountains west of Cugir). In this period of time the settlement of Cugir (villa Kunentum) is known as an important center for metal extracting and processing with its famous workshops producing tools, weapons and coins.

Modern period

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1966 15,575—    
1977 26,773+71.9%
1992 31,877+19.1%
2002 30,244−5.1%
2011 21,376−29.3%
Source: Census data

It has a complex political history with periods of Principality of Transylvania, periods of Habsburg Monarchy, Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of Romania.

In the mid-18th century the Habsburg Empire authorities established the "Frontier Police" in Transylvania. They tried to recruit also Romanians from the southern Transylvania between Baraolt and Orăştie but the locals put up a fierce resistance against the enrollment. The population revolted due to a policy of forced removal and deportation used to convince the peoples to join in and a bloody massacre took place in the place known today as the old market of the town. Severe clashes occurred again in the area when the authorities decided to "brake" the neighboring villages Şibot and Vinerea to establish the 4th company. Finally, after severe conflicts and pressure, in 1764, 6 regiments were established and in 1768 another battalion was formed so that the frontier police in Transylvania was of approx. 17000 soldiers.

Town centre

After the lost of Silesia, the authorities and the Austrian business begun to invest more and more founds in the mining and manufacturing industry in Transylvania. In 1764 Empress Maria Theresa of Austria begins to allow long-term loans without interest to concessionaires that pledge to exploit the mines and the state and concessionaire manufactories used free workers brought from Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol, Upper Hungary or Dalmatia, but the local men, the peasants represented the main work force. Due to the industrialisation, a great number of Romanian villages and their grounds, pastures, agricultural land and forest, were seized. At the end of the 18th century factories for metal processing were founded in Cugir and Sibişel, just after 15 years after the suppression of the Revolt of Horea, Cloşca and Crişan so that to exploit the mineral resources but also to insufflate obedience towards the Empire. According to documents, the "Iron and Steel factory" was established in Cugir in the year 1799, one of the first siderurgy factories in Transylvania and since then the history of the town revolves around it.

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, it became part of the Kingdom of Hungary within Austria-Hungary up until the end of World War I. From that time, it has been part of Romania, which was acknowledged internationally by the Treaty of Trianon in 1920.

Thereafter the factory became owned by the Romanian state and during World War II its production was seized by the Nazi Germany for war purposes. Since 1946 the factory oriented its production towards military components and house appliances especially washing machines. Also it became the top Romanian producer of sewing machines for industrial and private purposes.

Economy

Entrance to Cugir

The town is a heavy industrialised one, with at least half of the total working age population engaged in industrial activities, and around 30 percent engaged in lumbering activities. The S.C. Uzinele Mecanice Cugir S.A. is the main employer in town and it has diversified its production to include along the traditional products automotive components and firearms, and a large part of its production is destined for export.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 (Romanian) Populaţia stabilă după etnie - judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune, National Institute of Statistics; accessed June 6, 2014

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cugir.