Crocodylus
Crocodylus is one of three genera from the subfamily Crocodylinae of the family Crocodylidae.
Established species include five extinct species:[1]
The 13 living species are:
- American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus
- Slender-snouted crocodile, Crocodylus cataphractus - studies in DNA and morphology suggest this species may be more basal than Crocodylus and therefore belongs in its own genus, Mecistops.[2][3][4][1]
- Orinoco crocodile, Crocodylus intermedius
- Freshwater crocodile, Crocodylus johnsoni
- Philippine crocodile, Crocodylus mindorensis
- Morelet's crocodile or Mexican crocodile, Crocodylus moreletii
- Nile crocodile or African crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus (the subspecies found in Madagascar is sometimes called the black crocodile)
- New Guinea crocodile, Crocodylus novaeguineae
- Mugger crocodile, marsh crocodile, or Indian crocodile, Crocodylus palustris
- Saltwater crocodile or estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus
- Cuban crocodile, Crocodylus rhombifer
- Siamese crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis
- West African crocodile or desert crocodile, Crocodylus suchus
Phylogeny
The cladogram below follows the topology from a 2011 analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences by Robert W. Meredith, Evon R. Hekkala, George Amato and John Gatesy.[4]
Crocodylus |
Asia-Australia |
|
|
|
|
|
C. johnsoni |
|
|
|
C. novaeguineae |
|
|
C. mindorensis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Africa-New World |
|
|
|
|
The cladogram below follows the topology from a 2012 analysis of morphological traits by Christopher A. Brochu and Glenn W. Storrs. Many extinct species of Crocodylus might represent different genera. C. suchus was not included, because its morphological codings were identical to these of C. niloticus. However, the authors suggested that it could be explained by their specimen sampling, and considered the two species to be distinct.[1]
Crocodyloidea |
|
"Asiatosuchus" germanicus |
|
|
Prodiplocynodon langi |
|
|
|
Asiatosuchus grangeri |
|
|
"Crocodylus" affinis |
|
|
"Crocodylus" depressifrons |
|
|
|
Brachyuranochampsa eversolei |
|
|
"Crocodylus" acer |
|
Crocodylidae |
Tomistominae |
|
Kentisuchus spenceri |
|
|
|
Dollosuchoides densmorei |
|
|
Megadontosuchus arduini |
|
|
|
|
|
Gavialosuchus eggenburgensis |
|
|
Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis |
|
|
|
|
|
Tomistoma lusitanica |
|
|
Tomistoma schlegelii |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Tomistoma" cairense |
|
|
|
Thecachampsa antiqua |
|
|
Thecachampsa americana |
|
|
Thecachampsa carolinense |
|
|
|
|
|
Penghusuchus pani |
|
|
|
Paratomistoma courti |
|
|
"Tomistoma" petrolica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crocodylinae |
|
"Crocodylus" megarhinus |
|
Mekosuchinae |
|
Kambara implexidens |
|
|
Australosuchus clarkae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Osteolaeminae |
|
Rimasuchus lloydi |
|
|
|
Voay robustus |
|
|
|
Osteolaemus osborni |
|
|
Osteolaemus tetraspis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mecistops cataphractus |
|
Crocodylus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Brochu, C. A.; Storrs, G. W. (2012). "A giant crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene of Kenya, the phylogenetic relationships of Neogene African crocodylines, and the antiquity of Crocodylus in Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (3): 587. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.652324.
- ↑ McAliley, Willis, Ray, White, Brochu & Densmore (2006). Are crocodiles really monophyletic?—Evidence for subdivisions from sequence and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39: 16-32.
- ↑ Brochu, C. A.; Njau, J.; Blumenschine, R. J.; Densmore, L. D. (2010). "A New Horned Crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene Hominid Sites at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania". PLoS ONE 5 (2): e9333. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009333. PMC 2827537. PMID 20195356.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Robert W. Meredith, Evon R. Hekkala, George Amato and John Gatesy (2011). "A phylogenetic hypothesis for Crocodylus (Crocodylia) based on mitochondrial DNA: Evidence for a trans-Atlantic voyage from Africa to the New World". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60: 183–191. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.026.
- ↑ http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Crocodylus&species=raninus