Coushatta, Louisiana
| Town of Coushatta | |
| Town | |
 The Red River at Coushatta | |
| Country | United States |
|---|---|
| State | Louisiana |
| Parish | Red River |
| Elevation | 141 ft (43 m) |
| Coordinates | 32°01′23″N 93°20′30″W / 32.02306°N 93.34167°WCoordinates: 32°01′23″N 93°20′30″W / 32.02306°N 93.34167°W |
| Area | 3.4 sq mi (8.8 km2) |
| - land | 3.3 sq mi (9 km2) |
| - water | 0.1 sq mi (0 km2), 2.94% |
| Population | 1,964 (2010) |
| Density | 595.2 / sq mi (229.8 / km2) |
| Mayor | Johnny Cox (D) (elected 2012) |
| Timezone | CST (UTC-6) |
| - summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) |
| Area code | 318 |
  Location of Coushatta in Louisiana
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 Location of Louisiana in the United States
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| Website: www.coushatta.net | |
Coushatta is a town in and the parish seat of rural Red River Parish in north Louisiana, United States.[1] It is situated on the east bank of the Red River. The community is approximately forty-five miles south of Shreveport on U.S. Highway 71. The population, 2,299 at the 2000 census, is nearly two-thirds African American, most with long family histories in the area. The 2010 census, however, reported 1,964 residents, a decline of 335 persons, or nearly 15 percent during the course of the preceding decade.[2]
History
Red River Parish and the Red River Valley were areas of unrest and white paramilitary activity and violence after the Civil War, and especially during the 1870s of Reconstruction. The parish had been based on cotton cultivation, dependent on the labor of enslaved African Americans who far outnumbered the whites. After the war, white planters and farmers tried to reestablish dominance over a majority of the population. With emancipation and being granted citizenship and suffrage, African Americans tried to create their own lives.
Formed in May 1874 from white militias, the White League in Louisiana was increasingly well-organized in rural areas like Red River Parish. It worked to turn out the Republican Party, as well as suppress freedmen's civil rights and voting rights. It used violence against officeholders, running some out of town and killing others, and acted near elections to suppress black and white Republican voter turnout.[3]
In one of the more flagrant examples of violence, the White League in August 1874 forced six Republicans from office in Coushatta, then assassinated them before they could leave the state. Victims included the brother and three brothers-in-law of the Republican State Senator Marshall H. Twitchell. Twitchell's wife and her brothers were from a family with long ties in Red River Parish. One of Twitchell's several biographies is an unpublished 1969 dissertation at Mississippi State University in Starkville by the historian Jimmy G. Shoalmire, a Shreveport native and a specialist in Reconstruction studies.[4]
The White League also killed five to twenty freedmen who had been escorting the Republicans and were witnesses to the assassinations.[5] The events became known as the Coushatta Massacre and contributed to the Republican governor's requesting more Federal troops from U.S. President U.S. Grant to help control the state. Ordinary Southerners wrote to the White House describing the terrible conditions and fear they lived under during these years.[6]
With increased fraud, violence and intimidation, white Redeemer Democrats gained control of the state legislature in 1876 and established a new system of one-party rule. They passed laws making elections more complicated and a new constitution with provisions that effectively disenfranchised most African Americans and many poorer whites. This disenfranchisement persisted for decades into the 20th century before passage of civil rights legislation and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Geography
Coushatta is located at 32°1′23″N 93°20′30″W / 32.02306°N 93.34167°W (32.023162, -93.341775).[7]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2), of which 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (2.91%) is water.
North of Coushatta, Loggy Bayou, which flows from Lake Bistineau, joins the Red River.
Demographics
As of the census[8] of 2000, there were 2,299 people, 738 households, and 512 families residing in the town. The population density was 686.5 people per square mile (265.0/km²). There were 823 housing units at an average density of 245.7 per square mile (94.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 33.19% White, 65.42% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17% of the population.
There were 738 households out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were married couples living together, 31.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.48.
In the town the population was spread out with 33.3% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 78.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $15,500, and the median income for a family was $18,958. Males had a median income of $30,938 versus $13,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,228. About 44.6% of families and 49.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 64.0% of those under age 18 and 19.7% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Coushatta and all of Red River Parish are served by the Red River Parish School District. Zoned campuses include Red River Elementary School (Grades PK-5), Red River Junior High School (Grades 6-8), and Red River Senior High School (Grades 9-12).
Riverdale Academy, located outside Coushatta, is the only K-12 private school in Red River Parish.
National Guard
Coushatta is the home of C Troop 2-108th Cavalry Squadron, a unit dating back to the Confederate Army during the Civil War under the nickname "the Wildbunch". This unit was formerly known as A Company 1-156 Armor Battalion and served recently in Iraq during 2004-5 under the 256th Infantry Brigade. This unit just returned from its second deployment to Iraq in 2010.
Donald Gray Horton
Though many businesses in downtown Coushatta have closed, The Famous Natchitoches Louisiana Meat Pie Company maintains substantial operations in Coushatta and Natchitoches. Until his death at age 68, Coushatta attorney and philanthropist Donald Gray Horton (1945-2013) was the half-owner of the company. Horton was also a large contributor to Ducks Unlimited, the Coushatta Country Club, the Coushatta United Methodist Church, and Riverdale Academy.[9]
A graduate of Coushatta High School and Northwestern State University, Horton played football at both institutions. He obtained his legal credentials through Tulane University Law School. As the long-term president of the NSU Athletic Association, Horton formulated the establishment in 2003 of the Demon Alley tailgating zone south of NSU's Harry Turpin Stadium. Horton was instrumental in the creation of the John K. Kelly Grand Bayou Waterway in Red River Parish. He was legal counsel for the Red River Waterway Commission. Horton was survived by his wife, the former Patricia Hayden, and their two sons, John and Leland Horton, and three grandchildren. He is interred at Springville Cemetery.[10]
Notable people
- Joe Adcock, slugging first baseman for the Milwaukee Braves in the 1950s, was born and reared in Coushatta.
- Henry Bethard, member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Red River Parish, 1960-1964; former Coushatta town attorney[11]
- Edgar Cason (born 1952), businessman and philanthropist
- Kenny Ray Cox (born 1957), state representative for Natchitoches, DeSoto, and Red River parishes; retired United States Army lieutenant colonel residing in Mansfield; graduate of Red River Senior High School[12]
- Douglas Fowler (1906–1980), Red River Parish Clerk of Court (1940–1952), mayor of Coushatta (1953), and Commissioner of Elections (1959–1980).
- Hendrix Marion "Mutt" Fowler, Sr., served as mayor of Coushatta from 1953 to 1972, as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1972to 1986, and as executive director of the Sabine River Authority.
- Jerry Marston Fowler served as Louisiana Commissioner of Elections from 1980-2000.
- John Hilliard, football player
- Andrew R. Johnson (1856–1933), Louisiana state senator from 1916-1924 from Bienville and Claiborne parishes and mayor of Homer, Louisiana. He named the village of Ashland, Louisiana. He is interred at Springville Cemetery in Coushatta.
- Vickie Johnson, WNBA player 1997–present - San Antonio Silver Stars
- Donald G. Kelly graduated from the former Coushatta High School. A Natchitoches attorney and horseman, he served in the Louisiana State Senate from 1976-1996.
- Bennie Logan, NFL Defensive Lineman for the Philadelphia Eagles.[13]
- James M. McLemore, cattleman from Alexandria; candidate for governor in 1952 and 1956; born in Coushatta in 1907
- S. M. Morgan, Jr., member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1964 to 1968; the last House member to represent only Red River Parish[14]
- Lester Vetter, mayor of Coushatta 1948 to 1952, state representative from 1952 until his death in 1960
- Lloyd F. Wheat, retired attorney and state senator from Red River and Natchitoches parishes from 1948 to 1952; formerly resided in Coushatta[15]
- W. Scott Wilkinson, Coushatta native and a Shreveport attorney, served as a state representative from Caddo Parish from 1920-1924
Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Coushatta has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[16]
| Climate data for Coushatta, Louisiana | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 16 (61) |
18 (64) |
22 (71) |
25 (77) |
29 (84) |
32 (89) |
33 (91) |
33 (91) |
31 (88) |
27 (80) |
22 (71) |
17 (63) |
25.4 (77.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 5 (41) |
7 (44) |
11 (51) |
14 (57) |
19 (66) |
22 (72) |
23 (74) |
23 (74) |
21 (69) |
15 (59) |
10 (50) |
6 (43) |
14.7 (58.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 140 (5.5) |
84 (3.3) |
89 (3.5) |
91 (3.6) |
155 (6.1) |
155 (6.1) |
130 (5.1) |
122 (4.8) |
150 (6) |
99 (3.9) |
117 (4.6) |
117 (4.6) |
1,449 (57.1) |
| Source: Weatherbase [17] | |||||||||||||
References
- ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ↑ "Louisiana 2010 census report". census.gov. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
- ↑ Nicholas Lemann, Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War, New York, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2006, p.76
- ↑ Footnote No. 2, Chapter 7, Jimmy G. Shoalmire, Carpetbagger Extraordinary: Marshall Harvey Twitchell, 1840-1905 cited in Lawrence N. Powell, New Masters: Northern Planters During the Civil War and Reconstruction. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
- ↑ Danielle Alexander, "Forty Acres and a Mule: The Ruined Hope of Reconstruction", Humanities, January/February 2004, Vol.25/No.1. Her article says that twenty freedmen were killed., accessed 14 Apr 2008
- ↑ Nicholas Lemann, Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War, New York, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2006, p.76-77. Lemann contends that five freedmen were killed.
- ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ↑ "Donald Gray Horton". Shreveport Times. Retrieved June 7, 2013.
- ↑ "Longtime NSU booster Horton dies, June 6, 2013". Alexandria Daily Town Talk. Retrieved June 7, 2013.
- ↑ "Henry W. Bethard, III". legaldirectories.com. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
- ↑ "Kenny Ray Cox". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
- ↑ http://www.philadelphiaeagles.com/team/roster/Bennie-Logan/7d0b6696-80b5-4504-aa12-069f7abc466b
- ↑ "Membership in the Louisiana House of Representatives, 1812-2016". house.louisiana.gov. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
- ↑ "Wheat, Lloyd Franklin". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
- ↑ Climate Summary for Coushatta, Louisiana
- ↑ "Weatherbase.com". Weatherbase. 2013. Retrieved on October 8, 2013.
External links
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