CountryLink

Agency overview
Formed 16 January 1989
Dissolved 30 June 2013
Superseding agency NSW TrainLink
Jurisdiction New South Wales
Headquarters Sydney
Minister responsible , Minister for Transport
Agency executive , Chief Executive
Parent agency State Rail Authority (1988-2003)
RailCorp (2004-2013)
Key document Transport Administration Act, 1988 (NSW)
Website www.countrylink.info

CountryLink was an Australian passenger rail and road operator operating in regional New South Wales, as well as to Canberra, Brisbane and Melbourne.[1] It was owned by RailCorp, a Government of New South Wales entity.[2] CountryLink operated rail services using XPT and Xplorer rolling stock, with connecting coach services operated under contract by private operators.

History

CountryLink was established in January 1989 under the Transport Administration Act 1988 as a business unit of what was then the State Rail Authority to operate all non-metropolitan long distance passenger services.[3][4] It inherited a fleet of XPT and locomotive-hauled passenger trains. Following the election of the Greiner State Government in March 1988, consultants Booz Allen Hamilton were commissioned to prepare a report into NSW rail services. On purely economic grounds, the report recommended closing all country passenger services as they were judged unviable, however this was not politically acceptable.[5] If services were to be maintained, the report recommended an 'all XPT' option with an expanded network of coach services replacing many other services.

In November 1989, the Silver City Comet was withdrawn,[6] while in February 1990 the Brisbane Limited and Pacific Coast Motorail were withdrawn and replaced by XPT services, the Canberra XPT was withdrawn and replaced by locomotive-hauled stock and the Northern Tablelands Express was truncated to Tamworth with road coaches introduced from Sydney to Armidale.[7] The Intercapital Daylight ceased in August 1991[8] and the Sydney/Melbourne Express in November 1993 was replaced by an XPT in November 1993 following the delivery of additional stock.[9]

In policy reversal, in June 1990 the government announced that it would purchase 17 Xplorer carriages to reintroduce services to Armidale and Moree and replace locomotive-hauled stock and coaches on services to Canberra. This would release an XPT to operate a daily service to operate the Grafton Express replacing a weekly locomotive-hauled service that was reintroduced at the same time.[10] The Xplorers entered service on the North Western service in October 1993[11] and on the Canberra service in December 1993.[12] In November 1994 the government ordered a further four Xplorer carriages.[13]

In October 1990, the government announced that eight sleeper carriages would be ordered for use on overnight services to Brisbane, Murwillumbah and Melbourne.[14] These were included in an order placed with ABB Transportation, Dandenong in 1991 for four power cars and 13 trailers that was jointly funded by the New South Wales and Victorian Governments.[15][16]

In December 1994, a daylight service to Melbourne resumed by extending the Riverina XPT from Albury.[17]

In 1995 CountryLink trialled three Swedish Railways X2000 tilting train carriages. After conducting a statewide tour in March, they were used on Canberra services from April until June with two modified XPT power cars.[18]

In March 1996, services were reintroduced to Broken Hill and Griffith using refurbished locomotive-hauled rolling stock honouring an election commitment by the Carr State Government.[19] Following the electrification of the South Coast line from Dapto to Kiama line, CityRail was able to release one of its mechanically identical Endeavours and this was converted to an Xplorer to replace the locomotive-hauled stock.

With the formation of RailCorp, responsibility for CountryLink transferred to the new corporation in January 2004.[20]

With the closure of the Muwillumbah branch, services were cut back to Casino from April 2004.[21]

Countrylink was merged with the regional services of Cityrail to form NSW Trainlink on 1 July 2013.

Network

CountryLink rail network as of 2007

CountryLink operated its own rolling stock over track owned by the Rail Infrastructure Corporation in country NSW, RailCorp in metropolitan NSW and the Australian Rail Track Corporation in Queensland and Victoria. The hub of its operation was Sydney Central railway station.

North Coast

The North Coast region covers the North Coast, Northern Rivers and South East Queensland regions. Accordingly the Government of Queensland made a contribution to the provision of these services. North Coast region services appeared on the network map in red. Services ran along the Main North and North Coast lines from Sydney Central station to Roma Street station in Brisbane.[22]

Principal stations served by XPT trains were:

Cities and towns served by CountryLink coaches connecting off North Coast services included: Tea Gardens, Forster, Port Macquarie, Yamba, Moree, Lismore, Alstonville, Ballina, Byron Bay, Murwillumbah, Tweed Heads and Surfers Paradise.

North Western

The North Western region covers the state's Hunter, Northern Tablelands and North West regions. North Western region services appeared on the network map in orange. Services ran along the Main North line from Sydney Central station to Werris Creek where the service divided for Armidale and Moree.[23]

Principal stations served by Xplorer trains were:

Cities and towns served by CountryLink coaches connecting off North Western services included: Wee Waa, Inverell, Grafton, Glen Innes and Tenterfield.

Western

The Western region covers the Central Tablelands and Western regions. Western region services appeared on the network map in yellow. Services ran along the Main Western line from Sydney Central station to Dubbo and the Broken Hill line to Broken Hill.[24]

Principal stations served by XPT trains were:

Principal stations served by Xplorer trains were:

Cities and towns served by CountryLink coaches connecting off Southern services included: Oberon, Mudgee, Baradine, Cowra, Grenfell, Forbes, Parkes, Condobolin, Lightning Ridge Brewarrina, Bourke, Warren and Broken Hill.

Southern

Makeham's Coaches BCI 6125 (ISM) coach departing Wagga Wagga station in April 2009

The Southern region covers the state's Illawarra, South Coast, Snowy Mountains, South West Slopes, Southern Tablelands, Riverina and Sunraysia regions plus the Australian Capital Territory and parts of Victoria. Accordingly the Government of Victoria (though not the ACT Government) made a contribution to the provision of these services. Southern region services appeared on the network map in green. Services ran along the Main South from Sydney Central station to Albury before continuing on the North East line to Southern Cross station in Melbourne, with the line to Canberra branching off south of Goulburn and the line to Griffith at Junee.[25]

Principal stations served by XPT trains were:

Principal stations served by Xplorer trains were:

Cities and towns served by CountryLink coaches connecting off Southern services included: Wollongong, Bombala, Eden, Tumbarumba, Bathurst, Dubbo, Condobolin, Griffith, Mildura and Echuca.

Rolling stock

XPTin the final CountryLink livery at Sydney Central
Xplorer in original CountryLink livery at Sydney Central

The final CountryLink fleet consisted of two train types, XPT (19 power cars and 60 carriages) and Xplorers (23 carriages).[26] The XPT fleet was maintained at the purpose built Meeks Road Depot, Sydenham. The Xplorer fleet was maintained at the Xplorer Endeavour Service Centre, Eveleigh.

Road coaches

The Public Transport Commission had first introduced coaches in September 1975 when six Dennings were introduced to replace all train services out of Dubbo. Coaches replaced many branch line rail services over the next few years and by 1987 the State Rail Authority had 36 Denning, Hino and Scania coaches operating throughout the state.[27]

CountryLink adopted the model used by V/Line in Victoria and contracted out the provision of these services to private operators, with services transferring to the successful bidders between November 1989 and June 1990.[28]

Coaches were originally painted in CountryLink's grey, white and blue livery. Following the transfer of the administration of coach services to the Department of Transport in July 1992, operators were not required to repaint coaches dedicated to CountryLink duties, thus most operated in the livery of their owners.[29] This policy was later reversed and coaches once again were painted in CountryLink livery.

The full list of coach operators providing services at the time CountryLink ceased in June 2013 were:

OperatorServices
Australia Wide CoachesLithgow to Bathurst, Orange & Parkes
BuswaysWauchope to Port Macquarie
Edwards CoachesArmidale to Tenterfield
Greyhound AustraliaLithgow to Gulgong, Coonabarabran & Baradine
Loader's CoachesLithgow to Grenfell
Makehams CoachesWagga Wagga to Griffith
Wagga Wagga/Cootamundra to Tumbarumba
Cootamundra to Queanbeyan
Cootamundra to Mildura
Oberon Bus CompanyMount Victoria to Oberon
Ogden’s CoachesLithgow to Dubbo & Nyngan
Bathurst/Dubbo to Cootamundra
Dubbo to Lightning Ridge, Bourke & Broken Hill
Port Stephens CoachesBroadmeadow to Taree
G&J Purtill, MoamaWagga Wagga/Albury to Echuca
RoadcoachWollongong to Moss Vale
Moss Vale to Goulburn
Sunstate CoachesGrafton to Byron Bay
Casino to Tweed Heads
Casino to Surfers Paradise
Casino to Brisbane
Symes CoachesTamworth/Armidale to Inverell
Moree to Grafton
Transborder ExpressCanberra to Bombala & Eden
Western Road LinersParkes to Condobolin
Wolters Bus & Coach ServiceNarrabri to Wee Waa & Burren Junction

Parry Report 2005

Ministerial Inquiry

On 9 December 2003, the Minister for Transport Services released Professor Tom Parry's Final Report of the Ministerial Inquiry into Sustainable Transport. Known as the "Parry Report" it recommended refocusing CountryLink, and to adjust fare structures.[30][31]

"CountryLink currently operates a number of train services that move relatively small numbers of passengers," the inquiry has concluded, noting that the high cost of maintenance and the need to replace rolling stock "makes these services very expensive ... they are expected to become even more expensive in the future." At the time of the report operating expenditure is around five times as much as revenue gained through ticket sales.[32]

The Inquiry also noted that in 2002-03, CountryLink incurred $29.9 million in costs associated with advertising, booking and selling tickets, against $43.5 million in fare revenue. "This is more than two thirds of the revenue received from passengers and is excessive," the Inquiry report stated.

The Inquiry made eight specific recommendations for "refocusing CountryLink":[30]

Government response

In 2005 the State Government announced a rationalisation of ticket offices across the CountryLink network, but ruled out the closure of further rail services in the immediate future.[32][33] Ticket prices increased on 1 November.

Transport minister John Watkins told the Sydney Morning Herald that "To protect commuters who want a continued rail option, the Government has made a number of changes to booking options in an effort to secure CountryLink's future and boost patronage." Mr Watkins also said in front of news crew that the refurbishment of the XPTs would also encourage more people to use the trains. However the Opposition questioned how price increases would increase patronage.[34]

Demise

In May 2012 the newly elected O'Farrell State Government announced RailCorp would be restructured, with CountryLink and the regional services of CityRail incorporated into NSW TrainLink in July 2013.[35]

References

  1. CountryLink train and coach network CountryLink
  2. Rail Corporation of New South Wales NSW Government State Records
  3. Transport Administration Act 1988 Government of New South Wales
  4. CityRail State Records NSW Government
  5. "CountryLink 2000" Railway Digest August 1989
  6. "The Official Last Comet" Railway Digest February 1990
  7. "The New Timetable" Railway Digest March 1990
  8. "Intercapital Daylight scrapped" Railway Digest September 1991
  9. "Major Passenger Train Changes Commence this Month" Railway Digest November 1993
  10. New "Explorer" trains for NSW Railway Digest July 1990
  11. "Xplorer Enters Service" Railway Digest November 1993
  12. "No Big Bang for Canberra Xplorers" Railway Digest December 1993
  13. More Xplorer & Endeavour Cars Ordered" Railway Digest December 1994
  14. "XPT sleepers for North Coast trains" Railway Digest November 1990
  15. "NSW/Vic to share XPTs" Railway Digest January 1991
  16. "XPT trailer cars to be built in Victoria" Railway Digest August 1991
  17. "Sydney-Melbourne Daylight XPT Commences This Month" Railway Digest December 1994
  18. "So why do you call it a tilt train?" Railway Digest July 1995
  19. "First Broken Hill Passenger Blocked by Freight Derailment" Railway Digest May 1996
  20. Transport Administration Amendment (Rail Agencies) Bill NSW Parliament Hansard 2 December 2003
  21. Closure of the Casino to Murwillumbah rail service NSW Parliament 24 November 2004
  22. CountryLink North Coast timetable CountryLink 11 October 2009
  23. North Western timetable CountryLink 23 October 2011
  24. CountryLink Western timetable CountryLink 23 October 2011
  25. CountryLink Southern timetable CountryLink 11 October 2009
  26. Our fleet CountryLink
  27. "State Rail Coach Services - The Vehicles" Australian Bus Panorama Vol 9 No 3 October 1993
  28. "Coach Services of the New South Wales State Rail Authority" Australian Bus Panorama Vol 9 No 2 September 1993
  29. "DoT to run CountryLink buses" Railway Digest June 1992
  30. 30.0 30.1 NSW Ministry of Transport - Ministerial Inquiry into Sustainable Transport (Parry Report)
  31. NSW Ministry of Transport: NSW Government's Response to the Final Report of the Parry Inquiry
  32. ABC News: 'CountryLink' review angers pensioners - Fri Apr 30, 2004
  33. Sydney Morning Herald: Final push to get rail users back on track - September 28, 2005
  34. Fixing the Trains Minister for Transport press release 15 May 2012

External links