Cottidae
| Cottidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cottus cognatus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Suborder: | Cottoidei |
| Superfamily: | Cottoidea |
| Family: | Cottidae Bonaparte, 1832 |
| Genera | |
|
70 | |
The Cottidae are a family of fish in the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins. It is the largest sculpin family, with about 275 species in 70 genera.[1] They are referred to simply as cottids to avoid confusion with sculpins of other families.[1]
Cottids are distributed worldwide, especially in boreal and colder temperate climates.[1] The center of diversity is the northern Pacific Ocean.[1] Species occupy many types of aquatic habitats, including marine and fresh waters, and deep and shallow zones. A large number occur in near-shore marine habitat types, such as kelp forests and shallow reefs. They can be found in estuaries and in bodies of fresh water.[1]
Most cottids are small fish, under 10 cm (3.9 in) in length.[2] The species Scorpaenichthys marmoratus can be up to 78 cm (31 in) in length.[3] They vary in coloration and patterning between species and between individuals of some species, and sometimes between sexes.[1] Their eyes are large and placed high on the head. Adults lack swim bladders.[3]
Genera
The 70 genera of the family include:[4]
- Alcichthys
- Andriashevicottus – Andriyashev largeheaded sculpin
- Antipodocottus
- Archistes
- Argyrocottus
- Artediellichthys – blackfin hookear sculpin
- Artediellina
- Artedielloides
- Artediellus – hookear sculpins
- Artedius
- Ascelichthys – rosylip sculpin
- Astrocottus
- Atopocottus
- Bero
- Bolinia
- Chitonotus – roughback sculpin
- Clinocottus – sharpnose sculpins
- Cottiusculus
- Cottus – freshwater sculpins, miller's thumbs
- Daruma
- Enophrys - stone sculpins
- Furcina
- Gymnocanthus
- Hemilepidotus
- Icelinus
- Icelus – scaled sculpins
- Jordania – longfin sculpin
- Leiocottus – lavender sculpin
- Lepidobero
- Leptocottus – Pacific staghorn sculpin
- Megalocottus
- Mesocottus
- Micrenophrys – Norway bullhead
- Microcottus
- Myoxocephalus – daddy sculpins, great sculpins, shorthorn sculpins
- Ocynectes
- Oligocottus – tidepool johnnies
- Orthonopias – snubnose sculpin
- Paricelinus – thornback sculpin
- Phallocottus – spineless sculpin
- Phasmatocottus
- Porocottus – fringed sculpins
- Pseudoblennius
- Radulinopsis
- Radulinus
- Rastrinus
- Ricuzenius
- Ruscarius
- Scorpaenichthys – cabezon
- Sigmistes
- Stelgistrum
- Stlengis
- Synchirus – manacled sculpin
- Taurocottus
- Taurulus – longspined bullhead
- Thyriscus – sponge sculpin
- Trachidermus – roughskin sculpin
- Trichocottus – hairhead sculpin
- Triglops
- Vellitor
- Zesticelus
Timeline
See also
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cottidae. |
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Kane, E. A. and T. E. Higham. (2012). Life in the flow lane: differences in pectoral fin morphology suggest transitions in station-holding demand across species of marine sculpin. Zoology (Jena) 115(4), 223-32.
- ↑ Eschmeyer, W. N. (1998). Paxton, J. R. and W. N. Eschmeyer., ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 178–79. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Froese, R. and D. Pauly. (Eds.) Cottidae. FishBase. 2011.
- ↑ Cottidae. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).