Costa's minimal surface

Costa's minimal surface, cropped by a sphere. Higher resolution video

In mathematics, Costa's minimal surface is an embedded minimal surface discovered in 1982 by the Brazilian mathematician Celso José da Costa. It is also a surface of finite topology, which means that it can be formed by puncturing a compact surface. Topologically, it is a thrice-punctured torus.

Until its discovery, the plane, helicoid and the catenoid were believed to be the only embedded minimal surfaces that could be formed by puncturing a compact surface. The Costa surface evolves from a torus, which is deformed until the planar end becomes catenoidal. Defining these surfaces on rectangular tori of arbitrary dimensions yields the Costa surface. Its discovery triggered research and discovery into several new surfaces and open conjectures in topology.

The Costa surface can be described using the Weierstrass zeta and the Weierstrass elliptic functions.

References

Costa, Celso José da (1982). Imersões mínimas completas em $\mathbb{R}^3$ de gênero um e curvatura total finita. Ph.D. Thesis, IMPA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Costa, Celso José da (1984). Example of a complete minimal immersion in $\mathbb{R}^3$ of genus one and three embedded ends. Bol. Soc. Bras. Mat. 15, 47–54.
Weisstein, Eric W. "Costa Minimal Surface.". Retrieved 2006-11-19. From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource.

Minimal surfaces

Associate family Bour's Catalan's Catenoid Chen–Gackstatter Costa's Enneper Gyroid Helicoid Henneberg K-noid Lidinoid Neovius Richmond Riemann's Saddle tower Scherk Schwarz Triply periodic