Copyright Royalty Board
The Copyright Royalty Board (CRB) is a U.S. system of three copyright royalty judges who determine rates and terms for copyright statutory licenses and make determinations on distribution of statutory license royalties collected by the U.S. Copyright Office of the Library of Congress. The Board, made up of three permanent copyright royalty judges, was created under the Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004, which became effective on May 31, 2005, phasing out the Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel system. These administrative judges are appointed by the Librarian of Congress. As of May 6, 2013, the board consists of Suzanne Barnett (Chief Copyright Royalty Judge), David Strickler (the economics judge), and Jesse Feder (the copyright judge).[1]
May 2007 webcasting royalty increase
On May 1, 2007, after 48 days of oral testimony (and 13 ,288 pages of written testimony), the Copyright Royalty Board set new rates for webcasting for the 2006–2010 License Period.[2] The rates are higher than the then-existing royalties paid for non-interactive webcasting. One component of rate increase was to remove the cap on the per-station/channel minimum fee of $US500, which previously was $2,500.[3]
The law requires rates to be based on the price that would be set by a marketplace of willing sellers and willing buyers. Much of the discussion centered around deciding issues like who would be the willing sellers. The Board decided that an individual record company was the basic unit of a "willing seller".
An issue that smaller webcasters raised was the desire to be assured that their fees would not exceed their revenue. The Board rejected this reasoning in their final decision because the ability of smaller stations to generate revenue from their operations has little or no bearing on the market value of the rights held by the copyright holders.
A coalition of webcasters that included National Public Radio (NPR) joined together to request a rehearing on the increase in rates. On April 16, 2007, the CRB rejected the appeal on the grounds that no new evidence was introduced.[4][5]
License fee rates
Commercial webcasters, per play, per listener rate[6]
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate (dollars) | 0.0008 | 0.0011 | 0.0014 | 0.0018 | 0.0019 |
There is a minimum annual fee of $500 per channel or station, payable in advance, against the above per-play fees.
For example, under the 2007 rate, 100 unique listeners of a transmission of a sound recording will cost the transmitter eleven cents. The same 100 listeners previously cost a service a little over seven-and-a-half cents from 1998 through 2005. If a service plays an average of 15 songs an hour, and a listener listens for 9.1 hours a week (the average amount according to recent Bridge reports), the listener would cost the service $0.66 a month.
Noncommercial webcasters[7]
Annual fee $500 per channel or station, up to a total of 159,140 aggregate tuning hours (ATH) per month. After this, the per-play rate for commercial webcasters applies. etc.
See also
- Library of Congress
- United States Copyright Office
- Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel
- SoundExchange
References
- ↑ "Two New Judges Named to Copyright Royalty Board".
- ↑ "Mar 6, 2007 web increases" (PDF).
- ↑ Jacqui Cheng (2007-03-20). "NPR fights back, seeks rehearing on Internet radio royalty increases". Retrieved 2007-04-17.
- ↑ Eric Bangeman (2007-04-16). "Internet radio dealt severe blow as Copyright Board rejects appeal". Retrieved 2007-04-17.
- ↑ Mark Hefflinger (2007-04-16). "Copyright Judges Reject Webcaster Appeals on New Royalty Rates". Retrieved 2007-04-19.
- ↑ "Mar 6, 2007 commercial rates on page 47" (PDF).
- ↑ "Mar 6, 2007 non-commercial rates on page 61 and 62" (PDF).