Constitutional Movement

Constitutional Movement
Leader Andrew Fountaine
Founded 1979
Dissolved 1984
Split from National Front
Merged into British National Party
Headquarters Excalibur House, London
Newspaper Frontline News
Excalibur
Ideology British nationalism

The Constitutional Movement was a right wing political group in the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1979 by Andrew Fountaine as the National Front Constitutional Movement, a splinter group from the National Front. Offering a more moderate alternative to the NF, the Constitutional Movement claimed to have 2000 members by 1980.[1]

Formation

Within the National Front in the late 1970s there was a growing disaffection with the leadership of John Tyndall and his associate Martin Webster and in particular their adherence to neo-Nazi principles rather than what the critics believed to be the vote-winning alternative of a more populist British nationalism. Already by 1978 Andrew Fountaine had become the focal point for a number of members of the anti-Tyndall faction and their position was strengthened by the 1979 general election in which the NF put forward the greatest number of candidates in its history but failed to make any headway with the electorate.[2]

The party was born in a time of serious division in the British far right and competed with a number of other parties for attention. Such was the confusion at the time that party operations were even based at Excalibur House (London, EC2), which continued to be the HQ of the main NF.[3] Fountaine had split from the NF in opposition to what he claimed was the increasing Nazism amongst the leadership, the encouragement of links with violent subcultures such as football hooliganism and Nazi skinheads as well as a strong current of homosexuality which he claimed existed amongst the leadership.[4] The new party ambitiously launched itself as an alternative to the Conservative Party and hoped to win votes and members from the right-wing of the Tories.[5] Like the British Democratic Party, which broke away from the NF at the time, the party sought to distance itself from the vote-losing open Nazism that both groups associated with John Tyndall, Martin Webster and the other leaders of the NF.[6] The Movement produced its own newspaper, Frontline News as well as a magazine Excalibur, the latter edited by Terry Savage, a veteran of the National Labour Party.[7]

Development

The party campaigned for the 1981 GLC election although the results proved disappointing and during the course of the campaign their Excalibur House HQ was damaged by a fire and a campaigner, Anthony Donnelly, was murdered in Hackney.[7] Following this disastrous election Fountaine announced his retirement from politics, leaving the Constitutional Movement without a strong leader.[8]

The failure of this campaign, in which the party lost out to both the original NF and the New National Front, saw the party go into decline. Not long after this the party was contacted by Tyndall, Ray Hill and Charles Parker as part of their Committee for Nationalist Unity initiative in which they were aiming to forge a united far-right group from the NNF, Hill's wing of the British Movement and other groups such as the Constitutional Movement.[9] Although the group did not join this initiative it lost Robin May, the main organiser in the East End of London, to Tyndall's group.[10] A number of party members followed May and joined him in attending the March 1982 meeting at Charing Cross Hotel in which Tyndall, Parker, Hill, Kenneth McKilliam and John Peacock announced the conversion of the Committee for Nationalist Unity into the British National Party.[10]

Disappearance

The Constitutional Movement changed its name to the Nationalist Party soon after the formation of the BNP and under this title it contested five seats in the 1983 general election. However the Nationalist Party performed very poorly in this election and the next time the party hit the headlines was when one former member, Richard Franklin, was revealed as a Conservative candidate in local elections in 1983.[5]

The Nationalist Party made its last appearance in a 1984 by-election in the Southgate constituency, with James Kershaw polling only 80 votes in a seat won by Michael Portillo.[11] The party was gone soon after this, with most of the members joining the British National Party.

Elections contested

1981 Greater London Council Election

Constituency Candidate Votes Percentage
Barking B White 104 0.5
Bethnal Green and Bow AJ Wilkens 257 1.3
Brent East RJ Marsh 328 1.5
Brent North M Stubbs 226 0.7
Brent South R Tainton 165 0.7
Brentford and Isleworth GD Pearce 104 0.3
Dagenham M Sowerby 91 0.4
Deptford TM Smith 91 0.4
Ealing North JA Murphy 159 0.4
Edmonton D Izzard 145 0.6
Enfield North RP Johns 130 0.4
Erith and Crayford O Hawke 559 1.9
Harrow East Leslie ED Le Croisette 296 1.3
Harrow West BW Robinson 271 1.0
Holborn and St Pancras South Paul T Kavanagh 218 1.5
Islington Central P Holden 118 0.8
Islington North SP Bowdidge 152 0.9
Islington South and Finsbury FT Theobald 109 0.8
Lewisham West Susan C. McKenzie 100 0.4
Newham North East TS Bennett 173 0.7
Ruislip-Northwood GW Bryant 196 0.7
Southall R Franklin 132 0.4
Southgate Mrs JE Izzard 189 0.7
Tottenham A Clark 277 1.7

Source[12]

1983 General Election

Constituency Candidate Votes %
Coventry South West M Williamson 214 0.43
Hendon North Bernard Franklin 194 0.52
Hull North Robert Tenney 222 0.44
Stockport Ken Walker 194 0.44
Southwark and Bermondsey Susan McKenzie 50 0.15

Croydon North West by-election, 1981

Candidate Votes %
Susan McKenzie 111 0.3

Enfield Southgate by-election, 1984

Candidate Votes %
James Kershaw 80 0.2

References

  1. ↑ S. Taylor, The National Front in English Politics, London: Macmillan, 1982, p. 91
  2. ↑ Richard Thurlow, Fascism in Britain A History, 1918-1985, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987, p. 291
  3. ↑ John Bean, Many Shades of Black: Inside Britain's Far-Right, London: New Millennium, 1999, p. 221
  4. ↑ Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley, Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000, p. 188
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 R. Hill & A. Bell, The Other Face of Terror - Inside Europe’s Neo-Nazi Network, London: Collins, 1988, p. 91
  6. ↑ Hill & Bell, The Other Face of Terror, p. 92
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Bean, Many Shades of Black, p. 222
  8. ↑ R. Weight, Patriots: National Identity in Britain 1940-2000, London: Pan, 2003, p. 539
  9. ↑ Hill & Bell, The Other Face of Terror, p. 162
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Hill & Bell, The Other Face of Terror, p. 163
  11. ↑ By-election result
  12. ↑ Greater London Council Election Results