Constitutional Loya Jirga
Afghan leaders who met at the December 2001 Bonn Conference which picked Hamid Karzai to lead the Afghan Transitional Authority also agreed that a Constitutional Loya Jirga should be convened to draft a new constitution.[1][2]
The Emergency Loya Jirga of 2002 set up an Afghan Constitutional Commission, of 35 members, which sat from October 2002 until March 2003, prior to submitting their draft to President Karzai.[2]
That draft was made public in November 2003.
502 delegates were selected, via regional caucuses, to participate in the Constitutional Loya Jirga to debate, amend the draft.
[3]
In her thesis at the Naval Postgraduate School Zoe Sherman described the composition of the Constitutional Loya Jirga of 2002 as being unlike any previous Loya Jirga.
Ten committees were formed, each assigned to review specific articles.[4]
The Constitutional Loya Jirga sat from December 13, 2003, to January 4, 2004.[2]
Committee One: 45 articles, chaired by Ustad Rabani
Committee Two: 27 articles, chaired by Ustad Sayaf
Committee Two: 27 articles, chaired by Ustad Sayaf[4]
| honorific | name | location |
| | Abdul Wali Niazi | Badakhshan |
| | Ahmad Hosayn Deneshyar | Ghowr |
| | Khwaja Gholam Ghaws | Kapisa |
| | Amir Mohammad | Samangan |
| | Sultan Mohammad | Zabul |
| Prof | Abdurrab Rasul Sayyaf | |
| | Amir Hamza | Nuristan |
| | Amanollah | Nimroz |
| | Mohammad Omar Makhdum | Jowzjan |
| | Mohammad Daud | Bamian |
| | Mir Hamidollah | Parwan |
| | Abdul Qayum Karzai | Urozgan |
| Qari | Rahmatollah | Konduz |
| | Sediq Chakari | Kabul Province |
| | Khodadad Erfani | Ghazni |
| | Abdul Hafiz Mansur | Kabul Province |
| | Abdul Ghani | Ghazni |
| Dr | Asadollah | Logar |
| | Abdul Ahad | Faryab |
| | Sardar Elmrad Arghon | Faryab |
| | Gholam Mahyoddin | Farah |
| Eng | Abdullah | Takhar |
| | Mohammad Gol Yunosi | Balkh |
| | Sayd Ebrar | Balkh |
| | Hafizollah Haqyar | Helmand |
| | Mohammad Anwar Eshaqzai | Helmand |
| | Daud Shah | Paktika |
| | Abdul Jalil | Baghlan |
| | Sayd Jamal | Nangarhar |
| Hajji | Daud Arsalaiee | Nangarhar |
| | Hamayun Shinwari | Nangarhar |
| | Abdul Zaher Alizai | Herat |
| Hajji | Ali Badshah | Khost |
| Eng | Abdul Salam | Kandahar |
| | Obaidollah Obaid | Kabul Province |
| | Fazl Karim Aimaq | Kabul Province |
| | Sayd Anwar Rahmati | Kabul Province |
| | Gholam Rabani Nasher | Kabul Province |
| Mawlawi | Nazar Mohammad | Kabul Province |
| | Mastura Stanekzai | Logar |
| Hajji | Hayatollah | |
| Mawlawi | Khodaidad | Herat |
| | Abdullatif Jalali | Ghazni |
| | Nadera Wardak | Maidan Wardag |
| | Masuda Ahmadi | |
| | Sharifa Azimi | |
| | Soraya Ahadi | |
| | Wazir Bai | |
| | Tabiba Taheri | |
| | Nafas Gol Khedmat | Farah |
Committee Three: 21 articles, chaired by Ahmad Nabi Muhammadi
Committee Four: 38 articles, chaired by Mohammad Tahir
Committee Four: 38 articles, chaired by Mohammad Tahir[4]
| honorific | name | location |
| | Dawlat Mohammad Jawshan | Badakhshan |
| | Kamaloddin | Ghowr |
| | Eslamoddin Mangal | Paktia |
| | Abdurrauf | Samangan |
| Dr | Abdullah | Laghman |
| Hajji | Nazar | Zabol |
| | Suleman Hamed | Badghis |
| | Mohammad Esmael | Jowzjan |
| Eng | Ahmad | Jowzjan |
| | Ahmad Salangi instead [sic] Abdul Satar | Parwan |
| | Ustad Mohammad Asef | Parwan |
| | Sayd Hasan Safaee | Sar-e Pol |
| Dr | Abdullah | Urozgan |
| | Salem Bakhtyar | Konduz |
| | Mohammad Sunzur | Ghazni |
| Qazi | Abdul Satar | Konar |
| | Mohammad Hasan Kohzad | Fariab |
| | Gholam Rabani | Takhar |
| | Zaidollah | Maidan Wardag |
| | Gholam Faruq | Balkh |
| | Jan Mohammad | Balkh |
| | Abdul Ahad | Helmand |
| | Nader Khan Katawazi | Paktika |
| | Amroddin | Baghlan |
| Hajji | Mirwais | Nangarhar |
| Eng | Abdul Ghafar | Nangarhar |
| | Socha Gol | Nangarhar |
| | Mohammad Rafiq Shahir | Herat |
| | Nazir Ahmad | Herat |
| | Mohammad Taher | Khost |
| | Abdul Salam | Kandahar |
| | Abdul Shkur Waqef Hakimi | Kabul Province |
| | Habiba | Kabul Province |
| | Gholam Rabani Formoli | Kabul Province |
| Mollah | Ezatollah | Kabul Province |
| | Sayd Abdul Qayum Sajadi | Ghazni |
| | Golalali Jabarkhel | Afghan refugees in Pakistan |
| | Mohammad Asef | |
| | Sayd Hasan Safavi | |
| Dr | Abdullah | |
| | Nosh Afarin | Ghowr |
| Dr | Arefa | |
| | Masuda Karokhi | |
| Eng | Maliha | |
| | Sher Ahmad | |
| | Halima Ghazal | |
| | Zia Kakar | Laghman |
| | Hasina | |
| | Nasrollah Khan | |
Committee Five: 35 articles, chaired by Ayatullah Muhsini
Committee Six: 22 articles, chaired by Maulowi Gul Muhammad
Committee Six: 22 articles, chaired by Maulowi Gul Muhammad.[4]
| honorific | name | location |
| | Abdul Basir Eshrat | Badakhshan |
| | Abdullah Rahimi | Ghowr |
| Dr | Wali Mohammad | Paktia |
| | Asadollah | Laghman |
| | Habibollah Zowran | Badghis |
| | Hazrat Sebghatollah Mojadedi | Kabul Province |
| | Mohammad Malik | Nurestan |
| | Gol Ahmad Paiman | Sheberghan |
| Hajji | Mohammad | Parwan |
| Mawlawi | Mohammad Akbar | Sar-e Pol |
| | Gholam Hosayn Shafaq | Sar-e Pol |
| | Mohammad Amin | Konduz |
| | Khan Shirini | Konduz |
| Mowlawi | Gol Mohammad Khan | Ghazni |
| | Mohammad Naim | Ghazni |
| | Mohammad Aslam | Khas Konar |
| | Norullah Musib | Fariab |
| | Mohammad Hasan | Takhar |
| | Mohammad Daud Ghairat | Maidan Wardag |
| | Mohammad Yaqub | Balkh |
| Hajji | Abdul Ghafur | Balkh |
| Hajji | Nazar Gul | Paktika |
| Hajji | Abdul Ghafar | Baghlan |
| | Abdullah | Nangarhar |
| | Mohammad Zaher Khan | Nangarhar |
| | Abdul Ghani Mawlawi Zada | Herat |
| | Sediqollah | Khost |
| | Ahmad Wali Achekzai | Kandahar |
| | Masuda Jalal | Kabul Province |
| Hajji | Mohammad Hashem Mehdi | Kabul Province |
| Sheikh | Mohammad Ebrabhim Mohseni | Kabul Province |
| | Dost Mohammad | Kabul Province |
| Dr | Ahmad Shah Farhat | Kandahar |
| | Mari Rokhshani | Nimroz |
| | Amanollah Khan Naseri | Zabol |
| | Sahera Sharif | |
| | Mohad Taye | |
| | Nuria Wesal | |
| | Moslema | |
| | Habiba | |
| | Hawa Nuri | |
| | Fatema | |
| | Mahbuba | |
| | Saleha | |
| | Mohammad Wais | |
| | Chrik Singham | |
| | Jamila Mojahed | |
| | Nazanin Jabar Khel | |
| | Safia | |
Committee Seven: 40 articles, chaired by Dr. Mashahed
Committee Seven: 40 articles, chaired by Dr. Mashahed[4]
| honorific | name | location |
| | Abdul Wahab | Badakhshan |
| | Mohammad | Ghowr |
| | Mamur Fazl Rahman | Paktia |
| | Mokaram Khan | Laghman |
| | Gholam Rasul | Badghis |
| | Mohammad Saleh Rasekh | Jowzjan |
| | Mohammad Tawus | Parwan |
| | Mohammad Nabi Sadri | Sar-e Pol |
| | Sayd Faruq Omar | Konduz |
| | Mohammad Akbari | |
| | Mohammad Amin | Konduz |
| | Mohammad Taher | Ghazni |
| | Mohammad Rahim | Konar |
| | Temor Shah Faizi | Farah |
| | Mohammad Sarwar Osmani | Farah |
| | Mir Mohammad Wali | Takhar |
| | Amanollah | Maidan Wardag |
| | Mohammad Rasul Ahmadi | Balkh |
| | Abdul Ghani) | Balkh |
| | Saifol Maluk | Helmand |
| | Mohammad Nawab | Paktika |
| | Mohebollah | Baghlan |
| Hajji | Mohammad Daud | Nangarhar |
| | Gol Mohammad | Nangarhar |
| | Rohol Amin Sher | Nangarhar |
| | Abdullah Mawlawi Zada | Herat |
| Hajji | Raz Mohammad | Khost |
| | Mohammad Akbar Marufi | Kandahar |
| | Razia Naimi | Kabul Province |
| | Gholam Daud | Kabul Province |
| | Nurollah | Kabul Province |
| Dr | Mohammad Wahid Binesh | Kabul Province |
| | Padshah Mir | Afghan refugees in Pakistan |
| Hajji | Khair Mohammad Eshaqzai | Sar-e Pol |
| | Wali Mohammad | Helmand |
| Dr | Moshaher | Takhar |
| | Moslema | Badakhshan |
| | Sara Sorkhabi | Fariab |
| | Rahima | Baghlan |
| | Zeb Nesa | Takhar |
| | Maria Sazawar | Balkh |
| | Hanifa Aminpor | Aybak |
| | Homaira Golshani | Sar-e Pol |
| | Safia Sediqi | |
| Dr | Khadija | Paktika |
| | Fawzia | Bamian |
| | Farida | Nimroz |
| | Samiolhaq | Representative of the disabled |
| | Mohammad Ihsan Fayaz | Representative of the disabled |
Committee Eight: 46 articles, chaired by Ustad Farid
Committee Eight: 46 articles, chaired by Ustad Farid[4]
| honorific | name | location |
| Dr | Abdul Wodud | Badakhshan |
| | Abdul Aziz | Ghowr |
| | Zinolabedin Farid | Kapisa |
| | Mamur Abdurrahman | Paktia |
| | Qazi Abdul Jabar | Laghman |
| Hajji | Mohammad Anwar | Badghis |
| | Mohammad Omar | Nimroz |
| | Ali Jan Jamal | Ghazni |
| | Allah Berdi | Jowzjan |
| | Mohammad Sadeq Aliyar | Bamian |
| | Mohammad Sarwar Jawadi | Bamian |
| | Yar Mohammad | Parwan |
| | Faizollah Faiaz | Sar-e Pol |
| | Abdul Qader Adalat Khwah | Konduz |
| | Ahmad Wali Masud | |
| Mowlana | Abdurrahman | Ghazni |
| | Mohebollah Samim | Ghazni |
| Hajji | Sayd Ahmad | Konar |
| | Mohammad Tareq | Fariab |
| | Abdul Samad Sediqi | Farah |
| | Abdul Motaleb | Takhar |
| Hajji | Nek Mohammad Shah Nuri | Maidan Wardag |
| | Gholam Hosayn | Balkh |
| | Sado Khan | Helmand |
| | Aref Khan | Paktika |
| | Abdul Karim | Baghlan |
| | Malek Nazir | Nangarhar |
| Hajji | Rohollah | Nangarhar |
| Hajji | Shahpur | Nangarhar |
| | Ahmad Shah Shahrukhi | Herat |
| | Mohammad Sayd | Herat |
| | Azizollah Wasefi | Kandahar |
| | Ahmad Wali Karzai | Kandahar |
| Hajji | Ahmad Shah | Kandahar |
| | Yar Mohammad | Kabul Province |
| | Sultan Mohammad | Kabul Province |
| | Sher Shah | Kabul Province |
| | Fetema Fatemi | Kandahar |
| | Fazl Rahman | Afghan refugees in Kohat, a place in Pakistan |
| | Wali Mohammad | Paktika |
| | Khatib Saheb | Konduz |
Committee Nine: 36 articles, chaired by Hashmat Ghani Ahmadzai
Committee Ten: 29 articles, chaired by Maulowi Syd Muhammad Hanif
Committee Ten: 29 articles, chaired by Maulowi Syd Muhammad Hanif[4]
| honorific | name | location |
| Hajji | Abdurrahman | Badakhshan |
| | Nasrollah Sadeqi Zada | Urozgan |
| | Mohammad Eqbal | Kapisa |
| | Abdol Hakim Monib | Paktia |
| | Joma Dar | Paktia |
| | Qeyamoddin Kashaf | Laghman |
| Hajji | Abdullah | Zabol |
| | Abdurrahman Wafa | Bamian |
| Mowlawi | Mohammad Shah | Parwan |
| | Naqibollah | Urozgan |
| | Asadollah Omar Khel | Konduz |
| | Yusof Waezi | No place mentioned |
| | Sayd Mohammad | Logar |
| Hajji | Amanat Khan | Konar |
| | Hedayatollah Hedayat | Fariab |
| | Mohammad Alam | Farah |
| Mowlawi | Ahmadollah | Takhar |
| Hajji | Ahmad | Takhar |
| | Mohammad Mehdi Tawana | Balkh |
| | Abdul Qodus Qate | Balkh |
| | Gholam Dastagir | Balkh |
| Hajji | Atiqollah | Helmand |
| Dr | Eid Mohammad | Paktika |
| Mollah | Mohammad Wali | Baghlan |
| Hajji | Sayd Azim | Nangarhar |
| | Sayd Abdul Ghafar | Nangarhar |
| Hajji | Shahzada | Nangarhar |
| | Abdul Hadi | Herat |
| | Sayd Abdurrahman | Herat |
| Dr | Mohammad Usman | Kandahar |
| | Abdul Latif Amiri | Kandahar |
| | Abdul Kabir Ranjbar | Kabul Province |
| Mowlawi | Abdul Wakil | Kabul Province |
| Dr | Reza Zaki | Kabul Province |
| | Basir Ahmad Sediqi | Kabul Province |
| | Alemi Kermani | Ghowr |
| | Sayd Mohammad Ali Sadr | Representative of Afghan refugees in Islamabad. |
| Dr | Mohammad Akbar Popal | Konduz |
| | Habibollah Ghaleb | Balkh |
| | Palwasha Hasan | Kabul Province |
| | Mah Gol Ahmadi | |
| | Kobra Dehqan | |
| Dr | Farida | Nader Shah Kot |
| | Perdesa | |
| | Fereshta | Kandahar |
| | Anahita Ada | Kolangar, Logar |
| | Fowzia Hotak | |
| | Taher | Jamal Agha |
References
- ↑ "Agreement on provisional arrangements in Afghanistan pending the re-establishment of permanent government institutions". United Nations. 2001-12-05. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
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- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kenneth Katzmann (2004-12-28). "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy". Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
After the close of the 2002 emergency loya jirga, the Afghan government began drafting a permanent constitution. A 35-member constitutional commission, appointed in October 2002, presented a draft to Karzai in March 2003, but it was not publicly unveiled until November 2003. It was debated by 502 delegates, selected in U.N.-run caucuses, at a “constitutional loya jirga (CLJ)” during December 13, 2003 until January 4, 2004.
- ↑ Zoe Bernadette Sherman (March 2006). "Afghanistan's constitutions: a comparative study and their implications for Afghan democratic development". Naval Postgraduate School. p. 68. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
The election that took place produced a body of 19,000 Afghan citizens, elected from all provinces, and organized into an electoral college in order to vote for 408 of the 502 member Constitutional Loya Jirga. The Constitutional Loya Jirga that took place on 14 Decemb 2003 was unlike any of its predecessors. The electoral college subsequently voted for 344 men and 64 women as provincial representatives. President Karzai then appointed 50 men and women of equal proportion. Finally, the remaining 42 people were chosen to represent various minority groups including 24 refugee representatives, 9 nomads, 6 for internally displaced people (IDP), and 3 to represent the Hindu and Sikh minorities. Criticism surrounding the membership of the CLJ and subsequent review process of the constitution included the formation of alliances or factions.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 "Members of the afghan constitutional loya jirga". 2003-12-23. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
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