Congenital muscular dystrophy

Congenital muscular dystrophy
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 G71.2
ICD-9 359.0
OMIM 607855 254090 236670 253280 253800 604801 606612 608840 602771 613204
eMedicine neuro/549
GeneReviews

Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) is muscular dystrophy that is present at birth. CMD includes a number of autosomal recessive[1] diseases of muscle weakness and possible joint deformities, present at birth and slowly progressing. Life expectancies for affected individuals vary, although some forms of CMD do not affect life span at all.

Management

Treatment is supportive.[2]

Physical and occupational therapy, surgery, wheelchairs and other assistive technology may be helpful.

Currently there is no cure.

Classification

All such known dystrophies are genetically recessive and result from mutations in a variety of different genes, including those encoding the laminin-α2 chain, fukutin-related protein, LARGE and fukutin, amongst others. Based on genetic mutation, a classification for CMDs had been proposed in 2004 by Muntoni and Voit.[3]

Name Abbreviation Group OMIM Gene and locus
Laminin-α2–deficient CMD MDC1A basal membrane/extracellular matrix 607855 LAMA2 at 6q22-q23
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy UCMDs 1, 2 and 3 basal membrane/extracellular matrix 254090 COL6A1 at 2q37, COL6A2 at 21q22.3, COL6A3 at 21q22.3
Walker-Warburg syndrome WWS glycosylation of dystroglycan 236670 POMT1 at 9q34.1 and POMT2 at 14q24.3
Muscle-eye-brain disease MEB glycosylation of dystroglycan 253280 POMGNT1 at 1p34-p33
Fukuyama CMD FCMD glycosylation of dystroglycan 253800 FKTN at 9q31
CMD plus secondary laminin deficiency 1 MDC1B glycosylation of dystroglycan 604801 ? at 1q42
CMD plus secondary laminin deficiency 2 MDC1C glycosylation of dystroglycan 606612 FKRP at 19q13.3
CMD with mental retardation and pachygyria MDC1D glycosylation of dystroglycan 608840 LARGE at 22q12.3-q13.1
Rigid spine with muscular dystrophy Type 1 RSMD1 other 602771 SEPN1 at 1p36-p35
613204 ITGA7 at 12q13

See also

References

  1. ↑ Reed UC (March 2009). "Congenital muscular dystrophy. Part I: a review of phenotypical and diagnostic aspects". Arq Neuropsiquiatr 67 (1): 144–68. doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2009000100038. PMID 19330236.
  2. ↑ Collins J, Bönnemann CG (March 2010). "Congenital muscular dystrophies: toward molecular therapeutic interventions". Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 10 (2): 83–91. doi:10.1007/s11910-010-0092-8. PMID 20425232.
  3. ↑ Muntoni F, Voit T (2004). "The congenital muscular dystrophies in 2004: a century of exciting progress". Neuromuscul. Disord. 14 (10): 635–49. doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2004.06.009. PMID 15351421.

External links