Common wombat
| Common wombat[1] | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Vombat ursinus tasmaniensis, Maria Island, Tasmania | |
| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Infraclass: | Marsupialia |
| Order: | Diprotodontia |
| Family: | Vombatidae |
| Genus: | Vombatus É. Geoffroy, 1803 |
| Species: | V. ursinus |
| Binomial name | |
| Vombatus ursinus (Shaw, 1800) | |
 | |
| Common Wombat range | |
The common wombat (Vombatus ursinus), also known as the coarse-haired wombat or bare-nosed wombat, is a marsupial, one of three species of wombats and the only one in the genus Vombatus. The common wombat grows to an average of 98 cm (39 in) long and a weight of 26 kg (57 lb).
Taxonomy
The common wombat was first described by George Shaw in 1800. Three subspecies are noted, though their distinctness is somewhat uncertain:
- V. u. hirsutus, the nominate form, is found on the Australian mainland.[3]
- V. u. tasmaniensis is found in Tasmania.[3] It is smaller than V. ursinus hirsutus. [4]
- V. u. ursinus was once found throughout the Bass Strait Islands, but is now restricted to Flinders Island to the north of Tasmania.[3] Its population was estimated at 4,000 in 1996 and is listed as vulnerable by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and IUCN Red List.[5][6]
Distribution and Habitat
It is widespread in the cooler and better watered parts of southern and eastern Australia, including Tasmania, and in mountain districts as far north as the south of Queensland, but is declining in Western Victoria and South Australia.
Common wombats can be found at any elevation in the south of their range, however in the north of their range are only found in higher, more mountainous areas. They may be found in a variety of habitats including rainforest, eucalyptus forest, woodland, alpine grassland and coastal areas. In some regions they have adapted to farmland and can even be seen grazing in open fields with cattle and sheep.
Description
Common wombats are sturdy and built close to the ground. When fully grown, they can reach between 80 and 130 cm, and weigh between 17 and 40 kg. The wombats found on Tasmania and Flinders Island are often smaller than their mainland counterparts. It is distinguished from both hairy-nosed wombats by its bald nose.
Behaviour
Common wombats are a solitary, territorial species, with each wombat having an established range in which it lives and feeds. In this area, they dig a tunnel system, with tunnels ranging anywhere from 2 to 20 metres in length, along with many sidetunnels. There is usually only one entrance to the burrow, although they may create a smaller one to escape with. Often nocturnal, the common wombat does come out during the day in cooler weather, such as in early morning or late afternoon.[7]
Diet
Common wombats are herbivorous, subsisting off grass, snow tussocks and other plant materials. Foraging is usually done during the night.[7]
Breeding
The common wombat can breed every two years and produce a single joey. The gestation period is about 20-30 days, and the young remain in the pouch for five months. When leaving the pouch, they weigh between 3.5 and 6.5 kg (7.7 and 14.3 lb). The joey is weaned at around 12 to 15 months of age, and is usually independent at 18 months of age.[7] Wombats have an average lifespan of 15 years in the wild and 20 years in captivity.
References
- ↑ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M, eds. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 43–44. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
- ↑ Taggart, D., Martin, R. & Menkhorst, P. (2008). Vombatus ursinus. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 28 December 2008. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Common Wombat". Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
- ↑ "Common Wombat". Wombania's Wombat Information Center. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
- ↑ Vombatus ursinus ursinus — Common Wombat (Bass Strait)
- ↑ Australasian Marsupial & Monotreme Specialist Group (1996). Vombatus ursinus ssp. ursinus. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 15 March 2007.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Wombats, Wombat Pictures, Wombat Facts". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
External links
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