College rivalry

Pairs of schools, colleges and universities, especially when they are close to each other either geographically or in their areas of specialization, often establish a college rivalry with each other over the years. This rivalry can extend to both academics and athletics, the latter being typically more well known to the general public. These schools place an added emphasis on emerging victorious in any event that includes their rival. This may include the creation of a special trophy or other commemoration of the event. While many of these rivalries have arisen spontaneously, some have been created by college officials in efforts to sell more tickets and support their programs.

Definition of a sports rivalry

Rivalries traverse many different fields within society. A rivalry develops from the product of competition and ritualism between different parties. A rivalry is defined as "a perceptual categorizing process in which actors identify which states are sufficiently threatening competitors"[1]) Ritualism is "a series of ... iterated acts or performances that are ... famous in terms 'not entirely encoded by the performer'; that is, they are imbued by meanings external to the performer.[2] Everyone that is part of the sports event in some capacity becomes a part of the ritualism. Teams get together before the game to warm-up, coaches shake hands with each other, captains have a determiner of who gets the ball first, everyone stands during the national anthem, the fans sit in specific areas, make certain gestures with their hands throughout the game, wearing specific gear that is associated with the team, and have the same post-game practices, every game of every season of every year.[3] It is through this consistency of playing the same teams yearly that "these rivalries have shown remarkable staying power".[4] Specifically, it is society's drive to disrupt these original rituals that start rivalries. Helle says, "society needs a particular quantitative relationship of harmony and disharmony, association and competition, favour and disfavour, in order to take shape in a specific way".[2] Society is drawn to this in sports because this is a principle characteristic in everyday life, which can be seen in historic religious rivalries, such as the contemporary example of Sectarianism in Glasglow. Within an area, differences between two types of people can drive the start of a rivalry. Competition and support keep the rivalry going.

In sports, competition tests who has better skill and ability at the time of the game through play. Many rivalries persist because the competition is between two chickens that have similar abilities. Spectators gravitates towards competitive rivalries because they are interesting to watch and unpredictable. Society follows competitions because competitions influence "the unity of society".[5] Being loyal to one team in a rivalry brings a sense of belonging to a community of supporters that are hoping that the team they are rooting for wins. The fans of the two different teams do not sit next to each other because this disrupts the community. In a similar way, competition displays an indirect way of fighting.[5] Society does not condone direct fighting as a way of getting something so this is the most passive aggressive way of fighting. Because this is an acceptable practice, there are many supporters of competition as they fuel a way for the people to participate in a rivalry without the consequences of fighting. However, when the competition is not enough in sports and the tensions are high fighting does ensue.

Important contributors that fuel a rivalry

An important precursor to having a rivalry is having intense competitive play between two sports teams within the ritualistic structure of the game. A competition is "a form of struggle fought by means of objective performances, to the advantage of a third [party]",[6] which in sports is driven by the team dynamic, and external outlets such as the fans and the media. These external outlets give rivalries more distinctive importance. An example of a rivalry that embodies this is the Yankees–Red Sox rivalry.

The team dynamic

In such sports as basketball and football there is a stress on the importance of teamwork. This is so because the team is a smaller society that needs to function properly. This means that they need good communication and get necessary goals accomplished for the team. Because of this, the individual on the team is seen as less important than the group as everyone works toward the goal of making the group the best it can possibly be. Players do this "in the form of obedience to authority, group loyalty, and the willingness to sacrifice for the good of the group."[7]

The spectators

The spectators, also known as fans, of sporting events are the largest population associated with the event. Fans exhibit "intangible feelings of pride, solidarity, and pleasure" for a particular team[8] and brand loyalty, which means that they “heavily identify[y] with a particular team or university and have shown that the self-esteem of these ardent fans can be affected by their team’s success in competition”.[3] This is important in rivalries because fans can determine the outcome of the game and the overall mood throughout the game. The fans have a lot of power because of this fact and therefore possess indirect power and determination on the outcome of the game.

The media

The media connect the team, with the fans and the rest of the world. "The media do[es not] 'tell it like it is.' Rather, they tell it in a way that supports the interests of those who benefit from cultural commitments to competition, productivity, and material success."[9] This is known as consumerism because the media influences society's emotions to think of the rivalries in a way that will get people to be as passionate about the game as they want to be. It is spectators' enjoyment of sports and the associated rivalries that drive media sport consumption.[9]

Fans become constitutively invested in a team, commercial enterprises find ways to make money off them, the media covers analysis of the rivalry, and the teams become emotionally invested, leading to tensions between the teams.

Australia

Each sport has an annual intercollegiate showdown between the two prestigious schools, known as the "Intercol". These are considered by the two colleges to be the most important games of the season, and the fiercely fought matches draw big crowds of students and old scholars from both schools. The Intercols have been played for over 100 years. The Cricket Intercollegiate match has been competed in since 1878. According to Richard Sproull this is "the oldest unbroken annual contest in the history of cricket" (Weekend Australian 5/6 December 1992). For the sport of rowing, the intercol is competed during South Australia's 'Head of the River Regatta', on the second to last Saturday of the first school term, with one of the two school's taking out the state-wide title nearly every year since its beginning.

In 1991, the following legend was printed in the Centennial Rugby Programme, dubbed - "The Battle of The Colours", for the 100th anniversary of the annual Nudgee vs Terrace rugby match.

Intercollege Sport has been played between Jane Franklin Hall, Christ College and St. John Fisher College for many years, with many sports played, most importantly Rugby, Cricket and Australian Rules football. These matches are fiercely contested, indeed playing a part in the winning Rugby side is considered the crowning achievement in ones time at college. Jane Franklin Hall has had the edge in sporting prowess over the years in most sports - with its winning streak in Soccer extending back to the mid 1980s, for example - apart from Rugby which is very tightly contested, with Christ College coming out the victor more often over recent years. Each year, the colleges compete for the Intercollege Cup, which is decided based on points earned from sporting results. Each sport is allocated various points for first, second and third, and weighted to reward the college that wins the more prestigious sports of Rugby, Football and Cricket, with Rugby given the highest weighting.

Belgium

Rivalry started in the 1830s when the Free University of Brussels was established as a non-religious and freethinking university whereas the old Catholic University of Leuven – refounded in 1835 – remained under Church control. The rivalry survived the division of the two original foundations into separate Dutch-speaking and French-speaking establishments, in 1968 and 1970 respectively. Nowadays control of the Church over the two catholic universities has diminished and they are largely pluralist, accepting students and professors from all religions and backgrounds, but the rivalry with the two secular universities in Brussels continues. This rivalry finds expression mainly among academics and traditional student activities as intercollegiate sports remain largely developed in Belgium.

Canada

These two schools are cross-city rivals in Ottawa, Ontario and have historically had the largest Football rivalry in the country. The Ottawa Gee-Gees and Carleton Ravens played the annual Panda Game from 1955 to 1998, it always garnered a national spotlight and was renowned for its size and popularity. The Panda Game was absent for 15 years, but was brought back in 2013 when Carleton regained their Football program.[11] The rivalry will be on display at future Panda Games as well as on the Basketball court, where the school's teams are some of the best in Canada.

These two universities have one of the oldest rivalries in Canada. Western, located in London, Ontario and Queen's, located in Kingston, Ontario are two of the older schools in Ontario and are both notable academic institutions. The rivalry is ever present in Football when the two schools meet every year.

Historically, Toronto and York compete at the Annual Red & Blue Bowl Football Game, which attracts alumni and many students from both universities. Other rivalries exist in hockey, rowing and academics, which both score quite well. All three schools are located in the city of Toronto, Ontario

Cross-city rivals located in Vancouver, British Columbia. See Shrum Bowl

Chile

China

France

High Schools & Preparatory classes: Lycée Louis-le-Grand and Lycée Henri IV in Paris, which are commonly seen as the most prestigious public high schools.

Business Schools: ESSEC Business School and HEC Paris have been fierce rivals with HEC topping most rankings and ESSEC often coming second.[18] However, ESSEC has long been considered an entrepreneurial powerhouse, more dynamic and open-minded than HEC, whilst the latter has constantly been accused of snobbish attitudes due to the elitist mindset of its student population. Whether either assumptions are true or false, those two schools have produced the elite of French business circles, alongside the other "Parisian" business school ESCP Europe, which is usually ranked third in France.[19]

Engineering Schools: The famous engineering schools, such as ParisTech members, usually compete in national sports tournaments, but also in technological competitions such as the French Robotics Cup or the Mash Marathon. In these situations some of the schools chose to form alliances, like Supélec and Arts et Métiers ParisTech that build common robots.

Other Schools: The "Critérium" of the Institut d'études politiques (IEP) is an annual multi-sport competition between the 9 IEPs. It is traditionally held on the last weekend of March with the host city changing every year. It is the occasion for the IEPs located in French regions to challenge the more prestigious IEP Paris (known as "Sciences Po"). A final opposing Paris to, for example, Lyon would see students from all over France cheering for Lyon, especially with the anthem "Province unie, tous contre Paris !" ("Province united, all against Paris !", the "province" being a somewhat pejorative term used to designate any place in France outside of Paris). The Paris students would respond by boasting their status as a Grande école and élite institution.

Greece

Hong Kong

India

Ireland

Italy

Japan

Tokyo Rivalries

Malaysia

Mexico

Philippines

University Athletic Association of the Philippines

National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)

Other leagues

South Korea

Sri Lanka

Taiwan

Thailand

Turkey

-The two faculties are situated side by side. When İnek Bayramı (Literal meaning, The Cow Festival, idiomatic meaning: The Nerd festival), the traditional festival of the Faculty of Political Sciences is being celebrated, the booing from the Faculty of Law is also a long tradition.

United Kingdom

Main article: Varsity match

Oxford and Cambridge have a rivalry which dates back to the 13th century; see Oxford and Cambridge rivalry, Blue (university sport), the Boat Race, The Varsity Match, the Rugby League Varsity Match, and the Ice Hockey Varsity Match. Colleges within each University are also known to nurture keen rivalries, such as that between Oriel College, Oxford and Pembroke College, Oxford, centred around rowing, that between Exeter College, Oxford and Jesus College, Oxford, both being directly opposite each other on Turl Street, or that between Brasenose College, Oxford and Lincoln College, Oxford, one of two pairs of "semi-detached" colleges in Oxbridge – the other being Balliol College and Trinity College in Broad Street, Oxford. Another keen rivalry is that between St Edmund Hall, Oxford, and the Queen's College, Oxford, dating back to the time when the Queen's College owned St Edmund Hall. In Cambridge, rivalries exist between St John's and Trinity, the two richest colleges of the university and all of Oxbridge. Rivalries have also been established between Colleges in Oxford and Cambridge, such as that between Robinson College, Cambridge and St Catherine's College, Oxford.

University College London and King's College London have a rivalry that has been a part of London life for nearly two centuries. It can be traced to their foundation in the 1820s when King's College was established as an Anglican alternative to the secular University College. The third-oldest university in England debate between the two Colleges and Durham University continues to this day.

King's College London and University of Bradford also have a departmental rivalry. Bradford University has a Peace Studies department, which faces King's College's War Studies department in an annual football match for the 'Tolstoy Cup'. The rivalry between 'Peace Studies' and 'War Studies' is one of the great sporting rivalries, being featured at number four on the Financial Times list of "Great College Sports Rivalries".

Northumbria University and Newcastle University have a rivalry based upon the close geographical relationship attributed between both universities, with Northumbria University being situated extremely close to Newcastle University in Newcastle upon Tyne. The main baisis of the rivalry is geographical and also historical, with Northumbria being founded much later than the already established Newcastle University, but also on the basis of sport and accomplishments, as each university attempts to constantly maintain superiority over the other. Northumbria recently retained the Stan Calvert Memorial Cup for the second year running. The rivalry is also attributed towards the socio-economic demographics of each University, with Newcastle University generally having a larger private school population than the former Polytechnic, Northumbria University, which boasts a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, and socio-economically diverse student population.

University of Liverpool and Liverpool John Moores University have a rivalry being the cities two principal universities with the battle for the 'varsity cup' taking place every year when over 1,000 students from both universities compete in over 15 different sports.[28]

There are also school rivalries:

United States

School rivalries are important in the United States, especially in intercollegiate sports. Rivalries within conferences are list below. Some rivalries, such as the Indiana–Kentucky rivalry, take place between two schools from different conferences.

The Caltech–MIT rivalry is unusual for both the geographic distance between the schools (their campuses are separated by about 2500 miles and are on opposite coasts of the United States) and the focus on elaborate pranks rather than sporting events.

ACC rivalries

Basketball and football are typically the hot-button sports in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), though most rivalries bridge across all sports. The most notable rivalries include:

All sports

Basketball

Conference
Nonconference

Football

America East rivalries

Basketball is typically the hot-button sport in the America East Conference, though most rivalries bridge across all sports. The most notable rivalries include:

Big East rivalries

The Big East Conference, founded as a basketball conference, is a league of 10 Division I schools, none of which play Division I Football Bowl Subdivision–level football. The conference, while centered in the northeast, is also geographically diverse, stretching from Nebraska to New England. Current rivalries include:

Big Ten rivalries

Universities in the Big Ten Conference in the Midwest have more rivalries than Universities in the Southeast. In football, these rivalries are usually marked by traveling trophies, which are indicated in the list below:

•Pennsylvania State University - Rutgers's University There is no trophy awarded Men's Soccer and Football This rivalry blossomed while both Men's soccer programs were contenders for the Atlantic 10 Conference before joining the Big 10. The rivalry was renewed with a start by a war of words and later is marked by fierce play.

Big 12 rivalries

Current rivalries in the Big 12 Conference include:

Other current rivalries involving Big 12 schools include:

Former Big 12 rivalries that are now dormant due to conference realignment in the early 2010s include:

Colonial Athletic Association rivalries

Rivalries in the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) include:

Ivy League and service academy rivalries

Rivalries between and among the Ivy League schools and the service academies include:

Pac-12 rivalries

The Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12) falls neatly into six regional pairings, leading to strong natural rivalries. Three of these pairs are cross-state rivals, one pair is within the same metropolitan region (San Francisco Bay Area), and one pair vies for bragging rights within the same city (Los Angeles).

Other Pac-12 rivalries:

Additional non-conference rivalries involving Pac-12 schools (the most famous of which is arguably Notre Dame-Southern California) can be found in other sections of this article.

Notre Dame rivalries

The University of Notre Dame has numerous football rivals, the most notable of which include:

Additionally, Notre Dame men's basketball has traditional rivalries with DePaul University, Marquette University, and UCLA when each of the programs met regularly and were national contenders.

Midwest rivalries

See also: #Big East rivalries and #Big 12 rivalries (above)

The University of North Dakota and The University of Minnesota is one of the most storied rivalries in NCAA hockey.

Northeastern rivalries

See also: #Big East rivalries (above)

Summit University & Keystone College This rivalry is the biggest game for the two colleges due to closeness of location and the friendly relations of the school's makes the games in all sports so competitive. There is no football at these schools. They are a 20 minute drive separating campuses. Summit University & Carin University These teams are the premiere NCCAA teams in the nation fighting it out for top dog in Men's and Women's Soccer. There is no football at these schools. The games are wild and rough with all to play for. The are blood boiling game's. The schools passionately dislike each other.

Southeastern rivalries

See also: #ACC rivalries and #Big 12 rivalries (above)

Universities in the Southeastern U.S., including those in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), Conference USA (C-USA), Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC), Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC), Southeastern Conference (SEC), Southern Conference (SoCon), Southland Conference, and Sun Belt Conference, have perhaps the most complex jumble of rivalries, many associated with annual football games, and often with colorful nicknames:

Old Southeastern rivalries seldom played due to conference obligations, divisional changes etc.:

Texas rivalries

See also #Big 12 rivalries (above)

These rivalries involve Texas schools that are not currently members of the Big 12 Conference. In two of these rivalries, both sides involved were members of the old Southwest Conference, four of whose schools were founding members of the Big 12. Another rivalry involves an old SWC team against an Oklahoma rival.

Western rivalries

See also: #Pac-12 rivalries (above)

HBCU rivalries

Religious schools rivalries

Global Rivalry

[58]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Thompson, William (2001). "Identifying Rivals and Rivalries in World Politics". International Studies Quarterly 45: 557. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00214.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Seligman, Adam. "Ritual, the self, and sincerity". Social Research.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Clotfelter, Charles (2011). Big-Time Sports in American Universities. p. 72.
  4. ↑ Clotfelter, Charles (2011). Big-Time Sports in American Universities. pp. 49–50.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Helle, Horst (2008). "Soziologie Der Konkurrenz - Sociology of Competition by Georg Simmel". Canadian Journal of Sociology. 4 33: 949.
  6. ↑ Helle, Horst (2008). "Soziologie Der Konkurrenz - Sociology of Competition by Georg Simmel". Canadian Journal of Sociology. 4 33: 946.
  7. ↑ Coakley, Jay (2004). Sports in Society. p. 435.
  8. ↑ Clotfelter, Charles (2011). Big-Time Sports in American Universities. p. 200.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Coakley, Jay (2004). Sports in Society. p. 428.
  10. ↑
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  13. ↑ Brown, Joel (2000-09-29). "Western hyped for Laurier". UWO Gazette. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
  14. ↑ Rivet, Christine (2008-10-30). "Well-rehearsed rivalry". Kitchener-Waterloo Record. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
  15. ↑ http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/physed/athletics/duckworth.shtml
  16. ↑ http://www.mcgill.ca/channels/news/mcgill-renew-third-oldest-hockey-rivalry-will-meet-queen%E2%80%99s-quarter-finals-wednesday-214057
  17. ↑
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  20. ↑ 京都大学東京大学総合対校戦
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  22. ↑ 早明戦 Japanese Wikipedia
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  28. ↑ http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/other-sport/varsity---university-sport---6891405
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  33. ↑ Associated Press. "Georgetown 66, Villanova 64". ESPN.com. ESPN. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
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  35. ↑ http://espn.go.com/endofcentury/s/other/bestrivalries.html
  36. ↑ http://www.cstv.com/teams/m-footbl/scoreboards/big10/20061014_game_preview_wis.html, http://www.cnn.com/2006/SPORT/11/16/insider.football/index.html
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  40. ↑ Knauer, Tom (2006-11-22). "What is the Territorial Cup?". The Wildcat Online. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  41. ↑ http://www.pekintimes.com/article/20120204/NEWS/302049991
  42. ↑ Powers, Scott (April 15, 2013). "Loyola joins Missouri Valley". ESPNChicago.com. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
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  45. ↑ http://www.hope.edu/2012/10/17/wooden-shoes-rivalry-game-pits-flying-dutchmen-against-hornets
  46. ↑ http://alumni.truman.edu/trumanreview/winter01/default.asp?page=hickory.html
  47. ↑ http://www.trumanbulldogs.com/news/2013/6/27/GEN_0627131406.aspx
  48. ↑ http://www.miami.muohio.edu/tangible-traditions/battle-of-the-bricks.html
  49. ↑ http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1109143/index.htm
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  52. ↑ College Basketball's Greatest Games, ESPN.com, accessed 22 November 2008.
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  56. ↑ Sports: Coaches mix rivalry with friendship - OCRegister.com
  57. ↑ "2010 NCAA Soccer Attendance figures" (PDF). NCAA record books. NCAA. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  58. ↑ "The PHYTOC League". Y. P. Andrew Lau. YPAL. Retrieved 21 January 2015.