Collectivity of Saint Martin

This article is about the French collectivity. For the island, see Saint Martin. For the Dutch country, see Sint Maarten. For other uses, see Saint Martin (disambiguation).
Collectivity of Saint Martin
Collectivité de Saint-Martin
Flag
Anthem: La Marseillaise
Territorial song: O Sweet Saint Martin's Land
Location of the Collectivity of St Martin in the Leeward Islands.
Location of the Collectivity of St Martin in the Leeward Islands.
Status Overseas collectivity
Capital
and largest city		Marigot
Official languages French
Ethnic groups ([1])
Sovereign state France
Government Dependent territory
 -  President of France François Hollande
 -  Prefect Jacques Simonnet
 -  President of the
Territorial Council		 Aline Hanson (RRR)
Overseas collectivity of France
 -  Divided between France and Netherlands 23 March 1648 
 -  Separate collectivity 15 July 2007 
Area
 -  Total 53.2 km2 (unranked)
20.5 sq mi
 -  Water (%) negligible
Population
 -  Jan. 2011 census 36,286[2] (unranked)
 -  Density 682/km2 (unranked)
1,767/sq mi
Currency Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone (UTC-4)
Calling code +590c
ISO 3166 code MF
Internet TLD
a. French East Asians.
b. Assigned but not in use.
c. Shared with Guadeloupe and Saint Barthélemy.

Saint Martin (French: Saint-Martin), officially the Collectivity of Saint Martin (French: Collectivité de Saint-Martin) is an overseas collectivity of France located in the Caribbean. It came into being on 15 July 2007,[note 1] encompassing the northern 60% of Saint Martin island and neighbouring islets, the largest of which is Île Tintamarre. The southern 40% of the island, Sint Maarten, is one of the four constituent countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Its capital is Marigot. It has a population of 36,286 (as of Jan. 2011)[2] on 53.2 square kilometres (20.5 sq mi).

It is separated from the island of Anguilla by the Anguilla Channel.

Politics and government

Saint Martin was for many years a French commune, forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas région and département of France and is therefore in the European Union. In 2003 the population of the French part of the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe in order to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France.[3] On 9 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both the French part of Saint Martin and (separately) the neighbouring Saint Barthélemy.[4] The new status took effect once the local assembly was elected on 15 February 2007.[5] Saint Martin remains part of the European Union.[6]

The new governance structure befitting an overseas collectivity took effect on 15 July 2007 with the first session of the Territorial Council (French: Conseil territorial) and the election of Louis-Constant Fleming as president of the Territorial Council. On 25 July 2008 Fleming resigned after being sanctioned by the Conseil d'État for one year over problems with his 2007 election campaign.[7] On 7 August, Frantz Gumbs was elected as President of the Territorial Council.[8] However, his election was declared invalid on 10 April 2009 and Daniel Gibbs appointed as Acting President of the Territorial Council on 14 April 2009.[9] Gumbs was reelected on 5 May 2009.[10]

Before 2007, Saint Martin was coded as GP (Guadeloupe) in ISO 3166-1. In October 2007, it received the ISO 3166-1 code MF (alpha-2 code), MAF (alpha-3 code), and 663 (numeric code).[11]

 Summary of the 1 July and 8 July 2007 Saint Martin Territorial Council election results
Parties 1st round 2nd round Seats
Votes % Votes %
Union for Progress/UMP (Union pour le Progrès, Louis Constant-Fleming) 2,829 40.35 3,753 48.96 16
Rally Responsibility Success (Rassemblement responsabilité réussite, Alain Richardson) 2,237 31.90 3,231 42.15 6
Succeed Saint Martin (Réussir Saint-Martin, Jean-Luc Hamlet) 767 10.94 681 8.89 1
Alliance (Alliance, Dominique Riboud) 635 9.05 — — —
Democratic Alliance for Saint Martin (Alliance démocratique pour Saint-Martin, Wendel Cocks) 544 7.76 — — —
Total 7,012 100.00 7,665 100.00 23
Source: RFO1, RFO2

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of the French overseas collectivity Saint-Martin features a ship, a palm and a sun, and reads "Collectivité de Saint Martin".[12] The comune that existed until 22 February 2007, used similar arms but with the legend "Ville de Saint Martin".[13][14]

Reported unofficial flag[15]


Demographics

The French part of the island has a land area of 53.2 square kilometres (20.5 sq mi). A local English-based dialect is spoken in informal situations on both the French and Dutch sides of the island.[16] At the January 2011 French census, the population in the French part of the island was 36,286[2] (up from only 8,072 inhabitants at the 1982 census), which means a population density of 682 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,770/sq mi) in 2011.

Historical population
1885 1954 1961 1967 1974 1982 1990 1999 2006 2011
3,400 3,366 4,502 5,061 6,191 8,072 28,518 29,078 35,263 36,286
Official figures from French censuses.

Economy

Flags flying in Marigot harbour, Saint-Martin.

The official currency of Saint Martin is the euro, though the US dollar is also widely accepted. Tourism is the main economic activity.

INSEE estimated that the total GDP of Saint Martin amounted to 421 million euros in 1999 (US$449 million at 1999 exchanges rates; US$599 million at Oct. 2007 exchange rates).[17] In that same year the GDP per capita of Saint Martin was 14,500 euros (US$15,500 at 1999 exchanges rates; US$20,600 at Oct. 2007 exchange rates), which was 39% lower than the average GDP per capita of metropolitan France in 1999.[17] In comparison, the GDP per capita on the Dutch side of the island, Sint Maarten, was 14,430 euros in 2004.[18]

Maps

Map showing the former constituent parts of the Guadeloupe region/department among the Leeward Islands, including Saint-Martin, before February 2007.
Detailed map showing French Saint-Martin (north), including its territorial waters.
Map showing French Saint-Martin (north) and Dutch Sint Maarten (south).

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The French law was passed in February 2007, but the new status only came in force once the local assemblies were elected, with the second leg of the vote ultimately occurring on 15 July 2007. See J. P. Thiellay, Droit des outre-mers, Paris:Dalloz, 2007.

References

  1. ↑ World factbook Saint Martin
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 INSEE, Government of France. "Populations légales 2011 pour les départements et les collectivités d'outre-mer" (in French). Retrieved 2014-01-26.
  3. ↑ Staff reporter, last= (9 December 2003). "French Caribbean voters reject change". Caribbean Net News. Retrieved 9 February 2007. However voters on the two tiny French dependencies of Saint-Barthelemy and Saint-Martin, which have been administratively attached to Guadeloupe, approved the referendum and are set to acquire the new status of "overseas collectivity".
  4. ↑ Staff reporter (9 February 2007). "Saint-Barth To Become An Overseas Collectivity" (PDF). St. Barth Weekly. p. 2. Retrieved 9 February 2007.
  5. ↑ Les élections du futur conseil territorial font débat - Politique - Nouvelles sur Newmedia.fr - New Media : Infos Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, Saint-Martin, Saint-Barthelémy, Caraïbes - Infos Newmedia.fr
  6. ↑ The Treaty of Lisbon states that Saint-Martin is a part of the EU. See: "Treaty of Lisbon, Article 349 and 355". Retrieved 18 March 2010..
  7. ↑ Staff reporter (28 July 2008). "Louis-Constant Fleming démissionné par le conseil d’Etat" (in French). fxgpariscaraibe. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
  8. ↑ Staff reporter (8 August 2008). "Frantz Gumbs elected new president of Collectivité". The Daily Herald. Retrieved 17 August 2008. Frantz Gumbs, formerly president of Union Pour le Progrès (UPP) party, swept into power as new president of the Collectivité at an extraordinary meeting of the Territorial Council on Thursday after winning the 23-councillor vote with a clear majority over Marthe Ogoundélé-Tessi.
  9. ↑ http://www.thedailyherald.com/news/daily/l278/shamel278.html
  10. ↑ http://rulers.org/2009-05.html
  11. ↑ ISO 3166-1 Newsletter. Assignment of code elements for Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin and update of France and other French Territories
  12. ↑
  13. ↑
  14. ↑
  15. ↑ This "local" variant of the flag is listed as "dubious" at the Flags of the World website.
  16. ↑ Holm (1989) Pidgins and Creoles, vol. 2
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 INSEE, CEROM. "Estimation du PIB de Saint-Barthélemy et de Saint-Martin" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 13 November 2007.
  18. ↑ Total 2004 GDP of Sint Maarten () divided by the number of inhabitants in 2004 (), then converted from Netherlands Antillean gulden to euro by using the 2004 exchange rate.

External links

Coordinates: 18°4′31″N 63°3′36″W / 18.07528°N 63.06000°W