Close-mid central rounded vowel

Close-mid central rounded vowel
ɵ
ö
IPA number 323
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ɵ
Unicode (hex) U+0275
X-SAMPA 8
Kirshenbaum @.<umd>
Braille ⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
Sound
source · help

The close-mid central rounded vowel, or high-mid central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɵ⟩, a lowercase barred letter o, and should not be confused with the Greek letter theta, ⟨θ⟩, which in IPA corresponds to a consonant sound, the voiceless dental fricative. It was added to the IPA in 1993; before that, this vowel was transcribed ⟨ö⟩.

The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low".

The character ɵ has been used in several Latin-derived alphabets such as the one for Janalif, but in that language it denotes a different sound than it does in the IPA. The character is homographic with Cyrillic Ө. The Unicode code point is U+019F Ɵ latin capital letter o with middle tilde (HTML &#415;).

Features

IPA vowel chart
Front Near-​front Central Near-​back Back
Close
•iy
•ɨʉ
•ɯu
•ɪʏ
•eø
•ɘɵ
•ɤo
•əɵ̞
•ɛœ
•ɜɞ
•ʌɔ
•æ
•aɶ
•ɑɒ
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded
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IPA help • IPA key • chart •  chart with audio • view

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Cantonese 出 ceot7 [tsʰɵt˥] 'to go out' See Cantonese phonology
Dutch Standard Netherlandic[1][2] hut [ɦɵ̟t] 'hut' Somewhat fronted. Typically transcribed as /ʏ/ or /œ/. It corresponds to [ʊ̈] in Belgium. See Dutch phonology
English Some dialects cooperate [kɵˈɒpəɹeɪt] 'cooperate' Reduced /oʊ/ in dialects that retain rounding. Pronounced with protruded lips, more closely transcribed [ɵʷ] or [əʷ].
Australian bird [bɵːd] 'bird' Typically transcribed as /ɜː/. Some speakers may pronounce this vowel unrounded ([ɘː]). See Australian English phonology
New Zealand[3] Somewhat fronted. May be lower ([ø̞̈ː ~ œ̈ː]).
American English foot [fɵt] 'foot' Some speakers. Centralized and lowered from [ʊ]. See English phonology
Received Pronunciation[4] Younger speakers. Others pronounce [ʊ]. See English phonology
Hull[5] goat [ɡɵːt] 'goat' Corresponds to /oʊ/ in other dialects.
Hiw[6] yöykön̄ [jөjkөŋ] 'forget'
Icelandic[7][8][9] vinur [ˈveːnөr] 'friend' Most often transcribed /ʏ/. See Icelandic phonology
Irish Munster[10] dúnadh [ˈd̪ˠɰuːn̪ˠɰө̠˔] 'closing' Slightly raised and slightly retracted;[10] allophone of /ə/ adjacent to broad consonants, when the vowel in the preceding syllable is either /uː/ or /ʊ/.[10] See Irish phonology
Limburgish Hamont dialect[11] Rus [ʀɵs²] 'a Russian' Somewhat lowered in Hamont.[11] May be transcribed /ʏ/.[11][12]
Maastrichtian[12] un [ɵn] 'onion'
Mongolian[13] өгөх [ɵɡɵx] 'to give'
Tajik кӯҳ [kʰɵːh] 'mountain' Often realised as /uː/ by many speakers
Toda ? [pɵːr̘] 'name'
Uzbek toʻgʻri [t̪ɤɵʁˈɾɪ] 'right, true'
West Frisian put [pɵ̟t] 'well' Somewhat fronted. Typically transcribed as /ʏ/ or /œ/

The vowel transcribed /ɵ/ in Central Standard Swedish[14] and Standard Russian[15][16] is actually mid ([ɵ̞]).[14][15][16]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 47.
  2. ↑ Rietveld & Van Heuven (2009), p. 68.
  3. ↑ Bauer et al. (2007), p. 98–99.
  4. ↑ "Received Pronunciation Phonology". The British Library.
  5. ↑ Williams & Kerswill (1999), pp. 143 and 146.
  6. ↑ François (2013), p. 207.
  7. ↑ Árnason (2011:60)
  8. ↑ Einarsson (1945:10), cited in Gussmann (2011:73)
  9. ↑ Haugen (1958:65)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Ó Sé (2000)
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Verhoeven (2007), p. 221.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999), p. 159.
  13. ↑ Iivonen & Harnud (2005), pp. 62, 66–67.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Engstrand (1999), p. 140.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Jones & Ward (1969), pp. 62–63.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Crosswhite (2000), p. 167.

Bibliography