Clary-Aldringen

Clary-und-Aldringen
Country Holy Roman Empire
Austrian Empire
Austro-Hungarian empire
Titles
Founded 1634
Founder Hieronymus von Clary and Ana Maria von Aldringen
Current head Prince Hieronymus von Clary und Aldringen (b. 1944)

The House of Clary-und-Aldringen or Clary-Aldringen is one of the most prominent Austro-Hungarian princely families. Of dual Bohemian and Catholic Dutch noble origin, it possessed enormous riches and extended estates in Bohemia and Austria and produced several notable Austro-Hungarian statesmen, military officers and diplomats.

Origin

The Bohemian princes of Clary-und-Aldringen descend from two noble families of the Holy Roman Empire. On the one hand, the von Clarys, lords of Riva del Garda, are Upper-Italian nobles who entered the Bohemian nobility in the 14th century. On the other hand, the von Aldringens are a catholic noble family from the Spanish Netherlands who sided with the Habsburgs during the Reformation and the subsequent religious wars. In 1622, countess Anna Maria von Aldringen, sister and heir of Thirty Years War's Austrian general Reichsgraf Johann von Aldringen, married count Hieronymus von Clary, son of Bohemian lord Franz von Clary. Their descendants were allowed by imperial decree to adopt the name and arms of both families. Ever since, they are named Clary-und-Aldringen (or Clary-Aldringen).

Illustration

Elisabeth-Alexandrine de Ficquelmont, princess von Clary-und-Aldringen and her daughter, Edmée, countess di Robilant e Cereaglio.
Count Manfred von Clary-Aldringen

In the Austrian Empire

The princes von Clary-Aldringen have been one of the most prominent family of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Bohemia.

The rise of the family started when Franz von Clary left his ancestral lands in Trentino to settle in the Kingdom of Bohemia where his family was known since the 14th century. In 1623, Clary bought properties in the Ústí nad Labem region. But it is the inheritance of Johann von Aldringen's estates through Franz's son's wife, Anna Maria von Aldringen, that has made the Clary-Aldringens one of the most influential and wealthy Bohemian noble family.

Indeed, in 1634 Johann had received from Emperor Ferdinand II the ownership of the lands in and around the wealthy city of Teplitz (Teplice)[1] only to die the same year without any heir but his sister Anna Maria. The inheritance was disputed but Emperor Ferdinand II recognized the Clary-Aldringens as legitimate heirs of Teplice, making them the most powerful nobles of the Sudetes. Consequently, the rise of the family speeded up and, in 1666, the Clary-Aldringens are raised to the rank of Count of the Holy Roman Empire by Emperor Joseph I. Soon after, they bought huge estates in Tyrol, eventually taking the lead of the Lander's Estates in 1693.

In 1767, imperial Treasurer and Emperor Joseph II's private council member Reichsgraf Wenzel von Clary und Aldringen, is raised to princely rank and the Clary-Aldringens are mediatized. Members of the family became hereditary members of the Austrian Reichsrat (or Imperial Council). From that date, the princely title (Prince/Fürst von Clary und Aldringen) is borne by the head of the family (styled Durchlaucht (Serene Highness)) while junior members bear the title of Counts/Graf or Cooutess/Grafin von Clary und Aldringen (styled Erlaucht (Illustrious Highness)).

During the Napoleonic Wars, the family's Teplitz castle was the headquarters of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon, uniting Austria, Prussia and Russia. There was first signed the triple alliance against Napoleon I of France that led to the coalition victory at the nearby Battle of Kulm and eventually instated the Holy Alliance officially signed in Paris on September 26, 1815. During the rest of the century, the family hosted Royals several times at their Teplitz castle: in 1835, they received King Frederick William III of Prussia, Emperor Nicolas I of Russia and Empereur Franz I of Austria; in 1849, they received Emperor Franz-Joseph and Kings Frederick William IV of Prussia and Frederick-August II of Saxony; in 1860 they received the Emperor and the prince-Regent William of Prussia.

During the late 19th century, the princely family kept a great influence within Austro-Hungarian elites (the 100 Hoher Adle Familien) and thus played an important role in politics and diplomacy as illustrated by prominent Austro-Hungarian diplomat Prince Siegfried (1848–1929) and his brother prominent Austrian statesman Count Manfred (1852–1928).

Nowadays

Since 1945 when the Czechoslovak government confiscated their Bohemian ancestral estates, the family has lived in Germany and Italy. Since March 2007, the head of the family is Prince Hieronymus von Clary und Aldringen (born in 1944).

Notable members

Residences

Teplice Palace's chapel
Clary-Aldringen Palace in Vienna
Herrnau castle, Salzburg

The Clary-Aldringens were great landowners, therefore they possessed enormous estates in Bohemia, Tyrol and Austria.

The most important of all of their estates was that of Tepliz that comprised the eponymous city as well as more than 70 towns and villages, it was the larger noble estate of the Sudetes and one of the largest private property of Bohemia before its confiscation according to the Beneš decrees.

In consequence, the Clary-Aldringens had many residences, the grandest being:

Dubí's St-Mary's Church was built on the order of the Clary-Aldringens between 1898 and 1906 as a copy of the Venice church Santa Maria dell'Orto to become their new family Church.

Marriages

The Clary-und-Aldringens are tied with the Radziwill, Glam Gallas, Mensdorff-Pouilly, Ficquelmont, Pejácsevich, Baillet-Latour, Kinský, Stromberg, Donnersmarck etc.

Bibliography

References

  1. ↑ the Emperor had taken these lands away from the protestant Kinsky family