Clan MacFarlane

Clan MacFarlane
Mac Phàrlain
Motto THIS I'LL DEFEND
Profile
Region Highland
District Argyll
Clan MacFarlane has no chief, and is an armigerous clan
Historic seat Arrochar
A Victorian era, romanticised depiction of a member of the clan by R. R. McIan, from The Clans of the Scottish Highlands, published in 1845.

Clan MacFarlane (Scots Gaelic: Clann Mhic Phàrlain) is a Highland Scottish clan. War Cry: " Loch Slòigh " (" The Loch of the Host"). Badge: Muileag (Cranberry), Oireag or Foighreag (Cloudberry). Descended from the ancient Celtic Earls of Lennox, the MacFarlanes occupied the land forming the western shore of Loch Lomond from Tarbet up-wards. From Loch Sloy, a small sheet of water near the foot of Ben Voirlich, they took their war cry of Loch Slòigh. The ancestor of the clan was Gilchrist, brother of Maldowen, the third Earl of Lennox. Gilchrist's grandson was Bartholomew, which in Gaelic is Parlan, from whom the clan are designed—the letters " Ph " in MacPhàrlain sounding like F in Gaelic. Note that Mac or Mhic translates to " Son of " Making the full anglicised translation of MacFarlane " Son of Bartholomew ".

In 1373 the death of Donald, the sixth and last of the old Earls of Lennox, without male issue, left the Chief of the Clan MacFarlane the male representative of the old Lennox family. The claim was disputed, and ultimately the Earldom of Lennox was conferred on Sir John Stewart of Darnley, who married Elizabeth, one of the daughters of the last Earl of Lennox of the old line. The resistance of the MacFarlanes to the Stewart of Earls of Lennox would appear to be the beginning of the end of their destruction as a clan. That the MacFarlanes were not entirely deprived of their territory was in consequence of the marriage of Andrew, head of one of the cadet branches, to the daughter of John Stewart, Earl of Lennox. By this marriage Andrew MacFarlane obtained possession of the clan territory of Arrochar. His son, Sir John MacFarlane, assumed in 1493 the designation of Captain of the Clan MacFarlane, then equivalent to " chief," and the style MacFarlane of that Ilk was in 1672 officially recognised ; and in the 18th century, Walter MacFarlane of that Ilk got the armorial insignia of the Chief settled on his heirs-general, but since 1866 the chiefship has been dormant, no one having claimed or obtained rematriculation of the Chief Arms making Clan MacFarlane an Armigerous clan.[1]

For some time there had been some controversy as to the descent of these earls, with both Gaelic and Anglo-Saxon origins given. Though today it is accepted that Clan MacFarlane is of Gaelic descent.[2] Clan MacFarlane took part in several conflicts including brutal fighting for Scottish Independence alongside Robert The Bruce.[3] The clan was also noted for its daring night time cattle raiding of neighboring clan lands, (particularly those of Clan Colquhoun),and as such, it is said that the full moon became known throughout the highlands as "MacFarlane's Lantern". For many years Clan MacFarlane was one of the most respected and feared clans in the highlands until the clan was denounced by the English government. The ancestral lands of the clan were held by the chiefs until they were sold off for debts, in 1767.

History

Origins

Clan MacFarlane claims descent from the original Earls of Lennox, though the ultimate origin of these earls is murky and has been debated. The nineteenth-century Scottish antiquary George Chalmers, in his Caledonia, quoting the twelfth century English chronicler Symeon of Durham, wrote that the original Earls of Lennox descended from an Anglo-Saxon – Arkil, son of Egfrith. This Arkil, a Northumbrian chief, was said to have fled to Scotland from the devastation caused by the Harrying of the North by William the Conqueror, and later received control of the Lennox district from Malcolm III of Scotland.[4] However, today it is generally thought that the original Earls of Lennox were of Gaelic descent.[2][5]

Clan MacFarlane claims its descent from the original line of the Earls of Lennox, through Gille Chriosd, brother of Maol Domhnaich, Earl of Lennox, who received in charter, "de terris de superiori Arrochar de Luss", the lands of Arrochar which the MacFarlanes held for centuries until the death of the last chief.[1] Gille Chriosd's son, Donnchadh, also obtained charters for his lands from the Earl of Lennox, and appears in the Ragman Rolls as "Dunkan Makilcrift de Leuenaghes"[6] (Duncan son of Gilchrist of Lennox). Donnchadh's grandson was Parlan (or Bartholomew), from whom the clan takes its name from. Maolchaluim Mac Pharlain, the son of Parlan, was confirmed the lands of Arrochar and others, and "hence Maolchaluim may be considered as the real founder of the clan".[3] Maolchaluim, in turn, was succeeded by his son, Donnchadh, who obtained by charter the lands of Arrochar, dated in 1395 at Inchmurrin. Donnchadh seems to have married Christian, daughter of Sir Colin Campbell of Loch Awe,[7] as stated in a charter of confirmation by Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox, also dated in 1395.[1] Iain Mac Pharlain, in 1420, received confirmation to his lands of Arrochar.

In support of the Stewart earls of Lennox

Map of the district of Lennox.

Not long after, the ancient line of the Earls of Lennox died with the execution of Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox, by James I of Scotland in 1425. After the earl's death it seems that the MacFarlanes claimed the earldom as heirs male.[3] This claim, though, proved disastrous and the family of the chief were murdered, with the clan's fortunes reduced severely.[3] The destruction of the MacFarlanes would have been inevitable but for an Anndra MacFarlane, who married Barbara,[2] daughter of John Stewart, Lord Darnley, who had been created Earl of Lennox in 1488.[3] Skene claimed that even though Anndra Mac Pharlain, through his marriage, had saved the clan from destruction, he still was refused the chiefship of the clan.[4] Skene also showed that even his son, Sir John MacFarlane, assumed the subordinate designation of "Capitaneus de Clan Pharlane" (Captain of the clan).[4] Though Alexander MacBain, in a later edition of Skene's work, pointed out that Capitaneus was really Latin for Chief.[4] From this period on the clan appears to have loyally supported the Stewart Earls of Lennox, and for several generations there is little history attributed to the clan.[3]

Battle of Glasgow Muir

In the mid sixteenth century, Donnchadh Mac Pharlain of Mac Pharlain, appears to have been a steady supporter of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox.[3] In 1544, Mac Pharlain lead three hundred of his men, and joined Lennox and Glencairn at the Battle of Glasgow Muir, where they were narrowly defeated.[3] The Mac Pharlains were affected by the forfeitures that followed, though were saved by their very powerful friends, and the chief obtained a remission for his lands.[3] After the defeat, the Earl of Lennox was forced to flee to England, and married a niece of Henry VIII, and afterward returned to Scotland with a huge force supplied by the English king. For fear of further repercussions, the chief of the clan didn't personally support Lennox, but instead sent a relative, Bhaltar MacFarlane of Tarbet, with four hundred men, in support of the Earl.[3] The MacFarlane clansmen are said to have acted as light troops, and as guides to the Earl's main force. The sixteenth century, English chronicler, Raphael Holinshed described this MacFarlane force as follows: "In these exploytes the Erle had with him Walter McFarlane of Tarbet, and seven score of men of the head of Lennox, that spoke both Irishe and the English Scottish tongues very well, light footmen very well armed in the shirtes of mayle, with bows and two-handed swords; and being joined with the Scottish archers and shotte, did much avayleable service in the streyghts, marishes, and mountayne countries".[8]

Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
Scottish clan map.
Further information: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh

At Irwine in 1545, a bond of manrent was granted to Hugh, Master of Eglinton to Duncan, uncle of the Laird of MacFarlane.[9] Later in 1547 the clan suffered grievously at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, in which the chief, Duncan was slain along with many of his men.[3] The clan, led by Duncan's son, Andrew, fought under the Regent James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, against the forces of Mary, Queen of Scots, at the Battle of Langside in 1568.[3][9] The clan's part in the battle is related to by Holinshed: "In this battayle the vaiancie of an Hie-land gentle-man named M'Farlane, stood the Regent's part in great steede; for in the hottest brunte of the fight, he came in with three hundred of his friends and countrymen, and so manfully gave in upon the flanke of the queen's people, that there was great cause of the disordering of them".[8] After the battle, the clan also boasted of capturing three standards of the Queen's army, which were preserved as trophies for a long time afterwards.[8] For his clan's aid, Andrew was awarded the crest of a "demi-savage proper, holding in his dexter hand a sheaf of arrows, and pointing with his sinister to an imperial crown, or, with the motto, This I'll defend", by the Earl.[3] The crest bestowed on the MacFarlane chief alludes to the defence of the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland, as Mary was seen as rebellion against the Crown.

Nothing is known of Andrew's son, though his grandson, Walter MacFarlane was a staunch supporter of the King.[3] In his time, he was twice besieged in his house, and his castle of Inveruglas was later burned down by English forces.[3]

Arms of the last chief of MacFarlane

Fall of the clan

The clan was denounced by the Government in 1594, to have committing theft, robbery, murder, and tyranny. Later, in 1624, after the battle of Glen Fruin when the MacFarlanes and their friends the MacGregors killed about 80 members of Clan Colquhoun and their allies, several members of the clan were tried and convicted of such acts, with some being pardoned and others executed.[3] Many others were removed to Aberdeenshire and Strathaven in Banffshire, where they assumed the names M'Caudy, Greisock, M'James and M'Innes. Some to fled to Ireland, and with the potato famine there, emigrated further to America where the surname would evolve to McFarland.

The last clan chief, in the direct male line, William Macfarlane, 20th Clan Chief, was born in 1813 and died without issue in 1866. The heir of line then passed to his sister, Jane Watt MacFarlane, who was born in 1817 and who married a Mr James Scott and settled in Sunderland. She died in 1887 leaving several children. Several of the clan left and settled in Ireland, as part of the force of their superior the Earl of Lennox when he took up his 3000-acre landholding during the plantation (resettlement) of Ireland in the reign of James VI, and the leading representative of this branch, McFarland of Hunstown House, from Dublin, made claims (unsuccessful)to the chiefship of the clan.[3] Today the chiefship of the clan is dormant, and the clan can be considered an Armigerous clan.[10]

Clan profile

MacFarlane tartan as published in the dubious Vestiarium Scoticum.

Origin of the name

The surname MacFarlane, and other variations of the name, are Anglicisations of the Gaelic patronymic Mac Pharlain, meaning "son of Parlan".[15] The Gaelic Parlan or Parthalán is likely an Gaelicisation of the Latin Bartholomaeus.[15] In Moncreiffe's opinion the name was linked with Partholón of Irish mythology, writing: "Par-tholon or 'Sea-Waves' appears in Irish mythology as the first to take possession of Ireland after the flood".[5]

Associated Names

The following names are considered, by the International Clan MacFarlane Society, to be associated with the clan.[16] Note that the prefixes Mac, Mc, and M' are interchangeable. Many of the associated names listed are claimed by other clans.[16]

Associated names of Clan MacFarlane
  • Condey / Condie / Condy.[16]
  • Gruamach.[16]
  • MacCondey / MacCondie / MacCondy.[16]
  • MacIock / MacJock.[16]
Associated names of Clan MacFarlane that are also claimed by other clans

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 The Scottish Clans & Their Tartans by W&A.K.Johnston & G.W.Bacon ltd part 50: Clan MacFalane
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Macfarlane01 Retrieved on 2007-11-21
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 Maclauchlan & Wilson & Keltie, pp. 173–175.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Eyre-Todd, pp. 91–98.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Moncreiffe of that Ilk, pp. 201–203.
  6. ↑ Thompson, p. 145.
  7. ↑ Campbell01 Retrieved on 2007-11-21
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Nisbet, pp. Appendix 60–61.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 The Scottish Clans and Their Tartans, p. 49.
  10. ↑ Official Scottish Clans and Families Retrieved on 2007-11-21
  11. ↑ Story of the Clan Retrieved on 2007-11-08
  12. ↑ Adam, p. 420.
  13. ↑ Thogail nam Bo, The Clan MacFarlane Gathering
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 MacFarlane Tartan
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 McFarlane Name Meaning and Origin. Retrieved on 2007-11-08
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 16.16 16.17 16.18 16.19 16.20 16.21 16.22 16.23 16.24 16.25 16.26 16.27 16.28 16.29 16.30 16.31 16.32 16.33 16.34 16.35 16.36 16.37 16.38 16.39 16.40 16.41 16.42 16.43 16.44 16.45 16.46 16.47 16.48 16.49 16.50 16.51 16.52 16.53 16.54 16.55 16.56 16.57 16.58 16.59 16.60 16.61 "Clan MacFarlane: Septs & Tartans". Retrieved 2007-11-08.

References

Works cited
  • The Scottish Clans and Their Tartans, With Notes, Library Edition. W. & A. K. Johnston, Ltd.
  • Adam, Frank. The Clans, Septs and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands 1934. Kessinger Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1-4179-8076-1.
  • Eyre-Todd, George. The Highland Clans of Scotland: Their History and Traditions. Charleston, SC, USA: Garnier & Company, 1969.
  • Maclauchlan, Thomas & Wilson, John & Keltie, John Scott. A History of the Scottish Highlands, Highland Clans and Highland Regiments. Edinburgh and London: A. Fullarton & Co., 1875.
  • Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Sir Iain. The Highland Clans. London: Barrie & Rockliff, 1967.
  • Nisbet, Alexander. A System Of Heraldry. (Vol. 2). Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1816.
  • Skene, William Forbes. The Highlanders of Scotland, Their Origin, History, And Antiquities. London: John Murray, 1837.
  • Thompson, Thomas (ed). Publica Sive Processus Super Fidelitatibus Et Homagiis Scotorum Domino Regi Angliæ Factis A.D. MCCXCI-MCCXCVI. Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club, 1834.

External links