Cissus

For other uses, see Cissus (disambiguation).

Cissus

Cissus nodosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Vitales
Family:	Vitaceae
Subfamily:	Vitoideae
Genus:	Cissus L.^[1]
Species
About 350, see text

Cissus verticillata

Cissus is a genus of approximately 350 species of woody vines in the grape family (Vitaceae). They have a cosmopolitan distribution, though the majority are to be found in the tropics.

Uses

Medicinal

Cissus quadrangularis has been evaluated for potential medical uses. As a source of carotenoids, triterpenoids and ascorbic acid the extracts may have potential for medical effects, including "gastroprotective activity"^[2] and benefits in terms of "lipid metabolism and oxidative stress".^[3] Cissus quinquangularis was used by the Maasai people of Kenya to relieve some of the symptoms of malaria.^[4]

Ornamental

Cissus antarctica, Cissus alata and Cissus incisa are cultivated as garden plants, depending on area of the world. Succulent members of the genus such as Cissus quadrangularis are also found in the nursery trade but tend to be frost tender and are thus not widely cultivated.

Ecology

Cissus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Hypercompe eridanus and Hypercompe icasia.

Taxonomy

The generic name is derived from the Greek word κισσος (kissos), meaning "ivy".^[5] In the 1980s the genus was split according to some details of the flower. The large caudiciform species were moved to the new genus Cyphostemma.

Selected species

Cissus adnata Roxb.
Cissus alata Jacq. – Grape Ivy
Cissus anisophylla Lombardi
Cissus antarctica Vent. – Kangaroo Treebine
Cissus campestris (Baker) Planch.
Cissus cucurbitina Standl.
Cissus discolor Blume
Cissus erosa Rich. – Caro de Tres Hojas
Cissus gongylodes (Baker) Burch. ex Planch. – Marble Treevine
Cissus hypoglauca A.Gray
Cissus incisa (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Des Moul.
Cissus intermedia A.Rich. – Intermediate Treebine
Cissus nodosa Blume – Javanese Treebine
Cissus oblonga
Cissus obliqua Ruiz & Pav.
Cissus paniculata
Cissus pentagona Roxb.
Cissus quadrangularis L. – Veld grape
Cissus repanda Vahl
Cissus repens Lam.
Cissus rotundifolia Vahl – Venezuelan Treebine
Cissus striata Ruiz & Pav. (Chile, Argentina, Brazil)
Cissus sulcicaulis (Baker) Planch.
Cissus trifoliata (L.) L. – Sorrelvine
Cissus tuberosa
Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C.E.Jarvis – Seasonvine^[6]^[7]

Formerly placed here

Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Momiy (as C. brevipedunculata Maxim.)
Ampelopsis orientalis (Lam.) Planch. (as C. orientalis Lam.)
Ampelopsis vitifolia Planch. (as C. vitifolia Boiss.)
Cayratia geniculata (Blume) Gagnep. (as C. geniculata Blume)
Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin (as C. trifolia (L.) K.Schum.)
Clematicissus opaca
Cyphostemma bainesii (Hook.f.) Desc. (as C. bainesii (Hook.f.) Gilg & M.Brandt)
Cyphostemma cirrhosum (Thunb.) Desc. (as C. cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd.)
Cyphostemma currorii (Hook.f.) Desc. (as C. currorii Hook.f. or C. crameriana Schinz)
Cyphostemma juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. (as C. juttae Dinter & Gilg)
Rhoicissus tomentosa (Lam.) Wild & R.B.Drumm. (as C. capensis Willd. or C. tomentosa Lam.)
Strychnos umbellata (Lour.) Merr. (as C. umbellata Lour.)
Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. (as C. lanceolaria Roxb. or C. leucostaphyla Dennst.)
Tetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch. (as C. serrulata Roxb.)^[6]

Image gallery

Cissus woodrowii in Keesara, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Cissus woodrowii in Keesara, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Cissus woodrowii in Keesara, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Cissus repanda in Keesara, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Cissus hypoglauca growing over a creek at Murramarang National Park, Australia

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cissus.

Wikispecies has information related to: Cissus

↑ "Cissus L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-04-03. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
↑ Jainu, M; Mohan, K; Devi, C (2006). "Protective effect of Cissus quadrangularis on neutrophil mediated tissue injury induced by aspirin in rats". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 104 (3): 302–5. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.076. PMID 16338111.
↑ Oben, Julius E; Enyegue, Damaris; Fomekong, Gilles I; Soukontoua, Yves B; Agbor, Gabriel A (2007). "The effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) and a Cissus formulation (CORE) on obesity and obesity-induced oxidative stress". Lipids in Health and Disease 6: 4. doi:10.1186/1476-511X-6-4. PMC 1800848. PMID 17274828.
↑ Bussmann, Rainer W; Gilbreath, Genevieve G; Solio, John; Lutura, Manja; Lutuluo, Rumpac; Kunguru, Kimaren; Wood, Nick; Mathenge, Simon G (2006). "Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2: 22. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-22. PMC 1475560. PMID 16674830.
↑ Eggli, Urs (2002). Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants. 5: Dicotyledons. Springer. p. 452. ISBN 978-3-540-41966-2.
↑ 6.0 6.1 "Species Records of Cissus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
↑ "Cissus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 July 2010.