Ciechanowiec
| Ciechanowiec | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
City center | |||
| |||
  Ciechanowiec | |||
| Coordinates: 52°41′N 22°30′E / 52.683°N 22.500°E | |||
| Country |
 Poland | ||
| County | Wysokie Mazowieckie | ||
| Gmina | Ciechanowiec | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 26.01 km2 (10.04 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| • Total | 4,898 | ||
| • Density | 190/km2 (490/sq mi) | ||
| Postal code | 18-230 | ||
| Website | http://www.ciechanowiec.pl | ||
Ciechanowiec (Polish pronunciation: [t͡ɕɛxaˈnɔvʲɛt͡s]; Yiddish: טשעכֿאַנאָװיץ Tshekhanovits, Čechanovic; Hebrew: ציחנוביץ) is a small town in Wysoczyzna Drohiczyńska, Gmina Ciechanowiec, Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland.
Alternate names used in the past or currently include Tshekhanovits Yiddish, Tsekhanovets Russian, Chechanovitz, Chekhanovits, Chekhanovitse, Rudelstadt and Tsikhanovits.[1]
History
In the sixteenth century the city belonged to the Kiszka family. In the mid-sixteenth century Castellan of Trocki, Piotr Kiszka built a castle on the right bank of the river Nurzec, northeast of the town. Between 1617-1642 Mikołaj Kiszka ordered to build heavy defensive walls around the fortress, but soon the castle burned down during the Deluge, and the surviving buildings with the newly built residence for the Ossoliński family were later blown up and destroyed by the Russian Army in 1915. To this day only the foundations and the moat still exist.
The forthcoming owners of the city were: The Bremmer, Ossoliński, Szczukow and Ciecierski families. In particular, the Ossoliński family in the second half of the seventeenth century invested in the development of the city.
In the years 1736-1739 a brick church of the Holy Trinity and the Sisters of Mercy hospital was built, according to the draft of Warmia's architect Jan Adrian Kluk. His son, Fr. Jan Krzysztof Kluk (1739-1796), the local parish priest, devoted to natural history, became one of the most important Polish naturalists of the Enlightenment. He is the author of the first comprehensive textbook in the Polish language on agriculture, as well as other pioneering scientific topics, as well as school textbooks written on request of the Commission of National Education. The scope of the research included both botany and zoology, and natural pharmaceuticals. For his contribution to Polish science, he was honoured by King Stanisław II August and the University of Vilnius awarded him with an honorary doctorate.
In the era of the partitions, Ciechanowiec was passed onto Prussia, and after the Congress of Vienna to the Russian Empire. Later the city was divided into two parts: Right bank (called New Town or "Polish section"), was part of the Polish Kingdom and the left bank Old Town ("Rus section") in Russia. As a result of the November and January Uprisings, the right bank of Ciechanowiec lost the city rights in 1870. At the end of the nineteenth century, the textile industry developed in the city very rapidly. Ciechanowiec was also very popular for various Horse Fairs. Significant damage from the times of World War I and the Polish-Bolshevik war were slowly repaired in the interwar period. At that time the city was known to a large number of workshops, mainly Jewish.Before the beginning of World War II, 55% of the town's inhabitants were Jews.
In 1938, the left bank of Ciechanowiec (then located in the district of Bielsko) was attached to the right part of the town (on the status of the settlement), previously located in the district of Wysokomazowieckie (in the municipality of Klukowo).
During World War II, the city was badly destroyed - in accordance with the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, first by the soldiers of the Red Army, and since June 1941 by the German Army. The Jewish population was almost completely exterminated at Treblinka extermination camp. After the war, reconstruction lasted a long time and the city has not regained its former importance and population that it once had.
Jewish family names like Ciechanowiec, Ciechanowiecki, Ciechanowicz, Ciechanowski originated from this town.
Geography
Ciechanowiec is located in eastern Poland about 130 km (81 mi) northeast from Warsaw and around 80 km (50 mi) west from the Białowieża Forest in the Territory of Preserved Landscape of the Valley of the Bug and Nurzec Rivers. The Nurzec River divides the town into two parts: the Left Side and the Right Side.
Monuments
- The Holy Trinity Church
- The monastery-hospital complex
- The Lord’s Ascension Orthodox Church
- The Mansion-Park Complex
- Mazowiecko-Podlaski Open-Air Museum of Agriculture
People
- Alexander Chizhevsky
- Jan Krzysztof Kluk
- Benjamin Mazar
- Ignacy Tłoczek (not native)