Chott

For the village in Ouargla Province, Algeria, see Chott, Algeria.

In geology, a chott (pronounced /ʃɔt/ and sometimes spelled shott; from the Arabic šaṭṭ شط "bank, coast", from the root šṭṭ "exceed, deviate") is a dry (salt) lake in the Saharan area of Africa (mainly in Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco) that stays dry in the summer, but receives some water in the winter. These lakes have changing shores and are dry for much of the year. They are formed by the waters of the spring thaw from the peaks of the Atlas mountain range, with occasional rainwater or groundwater discharge from sources in the Sahara, such as from the Bas Saharan Basin.[1][2]

Water sources

The chotts of the Sahara are fed intermittently during periods of infrequent rainfall. They are subject to a high evaporation rate, hence salts eventually accumulate in the surface of the sediment. In fact, annual evaporation rates per year in chotts often exceed 20 times the annual precipitation rate.[2] This salt accumulation can lead chotts to have particularly high albedo, albeit with comparable variability as well.[2] While evaporite deposition predominates on chotts, in more humid climatic periods, layers of mud can be deposited on the chott surface. When near a source of loose sand, aeolian deposition can also play a role in the sedimentary deposition on the chott surface.[3]

The Sahara Sea

As many lie below sea level, the chotts of the Sahara were viewed by some European colonialists and engineers as an opportunity to create an inland sea in the Sahara Desert (known by many as the "Sahara Sea") by cutting a canal to the Mediterranean Sea (or in some cases, the Atlantic Ocean). Such a channel would allow water from the sea to flow inland. The hope was that this would facilitate trade and naval warfare, as well as change the climatic conditions of the Sahara.[4]

Analogue to Martian landforms

Chotts have also been studied because they are believed to be an Earth analogue to similar features on the planet Mars. Although there are considerable differences between terrestrial and Martian geology, some features on Mars are also believed to be evaporite basins, and consequently share at least some features of chotts. One example of a suspected Martian evaporite basin is Holden Crater.[3]

List of major chotts

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ramdani, Mohammed; Elkhiat, Najat; Flower, Roger J (2010). "Africa: North of Sahara". In Likens, Gene E. Encyclopedia of Inland Waters. Lake Ecosystem Ecology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. ISBN 0123820022. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Laity, Julie J. (2009). Deserts and Desert Environments. Environmental Systems and Global Change Series. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 1444300741. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Komatsu, Goro; Ori, Gian Gabriele; Marinangeli, Lucia; Moersch, Jeffrey E. (2007). "Playa environments on Earth: Possible analogs for Mars". In Chapman, Mary. The Geology of Mars: Evidence from Earth-Based Analogs (5th ed.). Chichester, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521832926. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
  4. ↑ Spinage, Clive Alfred (2012). African Ecology: Benchmarks and Historical Perspectives. Springer Geography (Illustrated ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 3642228712. Retrieved 16 December 2012.