Chlorine azide
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Other names
Chlorine nitride; Nitrogen chloride | |
| Identifiers | |
13973-88-1  | |
| Jmol-3D images | Image |
| PubChem | 61708 |
| |
| Properties | |
| ClN3 | |
| Molar mass | 77.4731 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellow orange liquid or gas |
| Melting point | −100 °C (−148 °F; 173 K) |
| Boiling point | −15 °C (5 °F; 258 K) |
| Solubility | Soluble in butane, pentane, benzene, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon disulfide; slightly soluble in water |
| Explosive data | |
| Shock sensitivity | Extreme |
| Friction sensitivity | Extreme |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Extremely sensitive explosive |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Fluorine azide Bromine azide Hydrazoic acid |
| Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa) | |
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| Infobox references | |
Chlorine azide (ClN3) is an inorganic compound that was discovered in 1908 by Friedrich Raschig.[1]
Concentrated ClN
3 is notoriously unstable and may spontaneously detonate at any temperature.[2]
Preparation and handling
Chlorine azide is prepared by passing chlorine gas over silver azide, or by an addition of acetic acid to a solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium azide.[3]
When treated with ammonia it is conceivable that one or more of the three possible azinamines, NH2N3, NH(N3)2, and N(N3)3 may be formed.
Explosive characteristics
Chlorine azide is extremely sensitive. It may explode, sometimes even without apparent provocation; it is thus too sensitive to be used commercially unless first diluted in solution. Chlorine azide reacts explosively with 1,3-butadiene, ethane, ethene, methane, propane, phosphorus, silver azide, and sodium. On contact with acid, chlorine azide decomposes, evolving toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride gas.[4]
Regulatory information
Its shipment is strictly regulated by the US Department of Transportation.
References
- ↑ Frierson, W. J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide. II. Interaction of Chlorine Azide and Silver Azide. Azino Silver Chloride, N3AgCl". Journal of the American Chemical Society 65 (9): 1698–1700. doi:10.1021/ja01249a013.
- ↑ Frierson, W. J.; Kronrad, J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide, ClN3. I.". Journal of the American Chemical Society 65 (9): 1696–1698. doi:10.1021/ja01249a012.
- ↑ Raschig, F. (1908). "Über Chlorazid N3Cl". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 41 (3): 4194–4195. doi:10.1002/cber.190804103130.
- ↑ PubChem 61708