China at the 2000 Summer Olympics
| China at the Olympic Games | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||
| At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney | ||||||||||||
| Competitors | 271 (91 men and 180 women) in 28 sports | |||||||||||
| Flag bearer | Liu Yudong | |||||||||||
| Medals Rank: 3 |
Gold 28 |
Silver 16 |
Bronze 14 |
Total 58 |
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| Olympic history (summary) | ||||||||||||
| Summer Games | ||||||||||||
| Winter Games | ||||||||||||
| Other related appearances | ||||||||||||
 Republic of China (1932–1948) |
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The People's Republic of China competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. The team excluded athletes from the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong, after the territory's return to Chinese rule in 1997, and which competed separately as Hong Kong, China.
271 competitors, 91 men and 180 women, took part in 163 events in 28 sports.[1] China finished for the first time in the top 3 with 28 gold medals.[2]
Medalists
Further information: 2000 Summer Olympics medal table and List of 2000 Summer Olympics medal winners
Results by event
Unless otherwise indicated, all results are derived from the Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad.[2]
Archery
Main article: Archery at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Defending silver medallist He Ying was defeated by one of the Korean women in the round of 16.
| Men's individual | |||||||||
| Yang Bo | Tang Hua | Fu Shengjun | |||||||
| 1/32 Eliminations | Defeated | Viktor Kurchenko Ukraine |
164-155 | Defeated | Matthew Gray Australia |
163-161 | Lost to | Bartosz Mikos Poland |
157-155 |
| 1/16 Eliminations | Defeated | Christian Stubbe Germany |
159-152 | Lost to | Magnus Petersson Sweden |
157-148 | - | - | - |
| 1/8 Eliminations | Lost to | Magnus Petersson Sweden |
167-164 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Women's individual | |||||||||
| He Ying | Jianping Yang | Yu Hui | |||||||
| 1/32 eliminations | Defeated | Wenche-Lin Hess Norway |
160-145 | Defeated | Mayumi Asano Japan |
156-154 | Lost to | Yaremis Perez Ruiz Cuba |
159-155 |
| 1/16 eliminations | Defeated | Cornelia Pfohl Germany |
163-157 | Defeated | Pi-Yu Liu Chinese Taipei |
160-157 | - | - | - |
| 1/8 eliminations | Lost to | Nam-Soon Kim Korea |
165-162 | Lost to | Joanna Nowicka Poland |
162-158 | - | - | - |
Women's team:
- He, Yang, and Yu - quarterfinal, 6th place (1-1)
Men's team:
- Yang, Tang, and Fu - round of 16, 13th place (0-1)
Athletics
Main article: Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Men's Competition
Men's Discus
- Li Shaojie
- Qualifying — 62.29 (→ did not advance)
Men's Long Jump
- Lao Jianfeng
- Qualifying — 7.41 (→ did not advance)
- Liu Hongnin
- Qualifying — no mark (→ did not advance)
Men's Triple Jump
- Lao Jianfeng
- Qualifying — 16.43 (→ did not advance)
Men's 20 km Walk
- Yu Guohui
- Final — 1:22:32 (→ 13th place)
Men's 50 km Walk
- Yang Yongjian
- Final — 3:48:42 (→ 10th place)
- Wang Yinhang
- Final — 3:50:19 (→ 13th place)
Women's Competition
Women's 100m
- Li Xuemei
- Round 1 — 11.25
- Round 2 — 11.46 (→ did not advance)
- Zeng Xiujun
- Round 1 — 11.63 (→ did not advance)
Women's 200m
- Qin Wangping
- Round 1 — 24.10 (→ did not advance)
- Liu Xiaomei
- Round 1 — 23.56 (→ did not advance)
Women's 10,000m
- Li Ji
- Round 1 — 32:28.96
- Final — 31:06.94 (→ 7th place)
Women's 100m Hurdles
- Feng Yun
- Round 1 — 13.19 (→ did not advance)
Women's 4x100m
- Li Xuemei, Liu Xiaomei, Qin Wangping, Zeng Xiujun
- Round 1 — 43.07
- Semifinal — 43.04
- Final — 44.87 (→ 8th place)
Women's Shot Put
- Yu Xin
- Qualifying — 16.18 (→ did not advance)
- Cheng Xiaoyan
- Qualifying — 18.23 (→ did not advance)
Women's Discus
- Yu Xin
- Qualifying — 61.00
- Final — 58.34 (→ 13th place)
- Cao Qi
- Qualifying — 58.03 (→ did not advance)
- Li Qiumei
- Qualifying — 56.59 (→ did not advance)
Women's Javelin Throw
- Wei Jianhua
- Qualifying — 60.64
- Final — 58.33 (→ 10th place)
- Li Lei
- Qualifying — 60.57
- Final — 56.83 (→ 11th place)
Women's Hammer Throw
- Zhao Wei
- Qualifying — 59.54 (→ did not advance)
Women's Long Jump
- Guo Chunfang
- Qualifying — no mark (→ did not advance)
- Guan Yinguan
- Qualifying — 6.48 (→ did not advance)
Women's Triple Jump
- Ren Ruiping
- Qualifying — 13.11 (→ did not advance)
Women's Pole Vault
- Gao Shuying
- Qualifying — 4.30
- Final — 4.15 (→ 10th place)
Women's 20 km Walk
- Wang Liping
- Final — 1:29:05 (→
Gold Medal)
- Final — 1:29:05 (→
- Liu Hongyu
- Final — DSQ
Women's Marathon
- Ren Xiujuan
- Final — 2:27:55 (→ 10th place)
Badminton
Main article: Badminton at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Men's Singles
- Xia Xuanze
- Round of 64: Bye
- Round of 32: Defeated Keita Masuda of Japan
- Round of 16: Defeated Svetoslav Stoyanov of Bulgaria
- Quarterfinal: Defeated Wong Choong Hann of Malaysia
- Semifinal: Lost to Hendrawan of Indonesia
- Bronze medal match: Defeated Peter Gade of Denmark - Bronze medal
- Ji Xinpeng
- Round of 64: Bye
- Round of 32: Defeated Ng Wei of Hong Kong
- Round of 16: Defeated Kevin Han of United States
- Quarterfinal: Defeated Taufik Hidayat of Indonesia
- Semifinal: Defeated Peter Gade of Denmark
- Gold medal match: Defeated Hendrawan of Indonesia - Gold medal
- Sun Jun
- Round of 64: Bye
- Round of 32: Defeated Poul-Erik Hoyer of Denmark
- Round of 16: Defeated Richard Vaughan of Great Britain
- Quarterfinal: Lost to Hendrawan of Indonesia
Men's Doubles
- Yu Jinhao, Chen Qiqiu
- Round of 32: Lost to Kim Hock Yap, Cheah Soon Kit of Malaysia
- Zhang Jun, Zhang Wei
- Round of 32: Lost to Bryan Moody, Brent Olynyk of Canada
Women's Singles
- Gong Zhichao
- Round of 64: Bye
- Round of 32: Defeated Wanting Ling of Hong Kong
- Round of 16: Defeated Lidya Djaelawijaya of Indonesia
- Quarterfinal: Defeated Yasuko Mizui of Japan
- Semifinal: Defeated Ye Zhaoying of China
- Gold medal match: Defeated Camilla Martin of Denmark - Gold medal
- Dai Yun
- Round of 64: Bye
- Round of 32: Defeated Ella Karachkova of Russia
- Round of 16: Defeated Kanako Yonekura of Japan
- Quarterfinal: Defeated Kim Ji-Hyun of Korea
- Semifinal: Lost to Camilla Martin of Denmark
- Bronze medal match: Lost to Ye Zhaoying of China
- Ye Zhaoying
- Round of 64: Bye
- Round of 32: Defeated Judith Meulendijks of Netherlands
- Round of 16: Defeated Mette Sorenson of Denmark
- Quarterfinal: Defeated Huang Chia-chi of Chinese Taipei
- Semifinal: Lost to Gong Zhichao of China
- Bronze medal match: Defeated Dai Yun of China - "Bronze medal
Women's Doubles
- Gao Ling, Qin Yiyuan
- Round of 32: Defeated Nely Boteva, Diana Koleva-Tzvetanova of Bulgaria
- Round of 16: Defeated Haruko Matsuda, Yoshiko Iwata of Japan
- Quarterfinal: Defeated Donna Kellogg, Joanne Goode of Great Britain
- Semifinal: Lost to Gu Jun, Ge Fei of China
- Bronze medal match: Defeated Kyung-Min Gao, Jae Hee Chung of Korea - Bronze medal
- Gu Jun, Ge Fei
- Round of 32: Bye
- Round of 16: Defeated Yim Kyung-Jin, Lee Hyo-jung of Korea
- Quarterfinal: Defeated Eti Lesmina Tantra, Chynthia Tuwankotta of Indonesia
- Semifinal: Defeated Qin Yiyuan, Gao Ling of China
- Gold medal match: Defeated Huang Nanyan, Yang Wei of China - Gold medal
- Huang Nanyan, Yang Wei
- Round of 32: Bye
- Round of 16: Defeated Sujitra Eakmongkolpaisarn, Saralee Toongthongkam of Thailand
- Quarterfinal: Defeated Lotte Jonathans, Nicole van Hooren of Netherlands
- Semifinal: Defeated Jae Hee Chung, Ra Kyung-min of Korea
- Gold medal match: Lost to Ge Fei, Gu Jun of China - Silver medal
Mixed Doubles
- Chen Qiqiu, Chen Lin
- Round of 32: Defeated Rio Suryana, Kellie Lucas of Australia
- Round of 16: Lost to Bambang Suprianto, Zelin Resiana of Indonesia
- Zhang Jun, Gao Ling
- Round of 32: Defeated Bjoern Siegemund, Karen Stechmann of Germany
- Round of 16: Defeated Frederik Bergstroem, Jenny Karlsson of Sweden
- Quarterfinal: Defeated Kim Dong-moon, Ra Kyung-min of Korea
- Semifinal: Defeated Michael Sogaard, Rikke Olsen of Denmark
- Gold medal match: Defeated Tri Kusharyanto, Minarti Timur of Indonesia - Gold medal
- Ge Fei, Lu Yong
- Round of 32: Bye
- Round of 16: Lost to Erica van den Heuvel, Chris Bruil of Netherlands
Basketball
Main article: Basketball at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Men's Team Competition
- Preliminary Round
- Lost to United States (72-119)
- Defeated New Zealand (75-60)
- Lost to France (70-82)
- Lost to Lithuania (66-82)
- Defeated Italy (85-76)
- Classification Match
- 9th/10th place: Lost to Spain (64-84) → 10th place
- Team Roster
Beach volleyball
- Rong Chi and Zi Xiong — 9th place (tied)
- Tian Jia and Zhang Jingkun — 17th place (tied)
Boxing
Main article: Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Men's Flyweight (– 51 kg)
- Yang Xiangzhong
- Round 1 — Lost to Bogdan Dobrescu of Romania (→ did not advance)
Men's Bantamweight (– 54 kg)
- Mai Kangde
- Round 1 — Lost to Agasi Agaguloglu of Turkey (→ did not advance)
Men's Middleweight (– 75 kg)
- Abuduyeheman
- Round 1 — Lost to Pawel Kakietek of Poland (→ did not advance)
Cycling
Main article: Cycling at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Cross Country Mountain Bike
Women's Mountain Bike'
- Ma Yanping
- Final - Lapped (28th place)
Track Cycling
Women's Sprint
- Wang Yan
- Qualifying - 11.650
- 1/8 Finals - Lost to Michelle Ferris of Australia (did not advance)
- 1/8 Finals Repechage - Heat 1; 2nd place
- Finals 9-12 - (12th place)
Women's 500m Time Trial
- Jiang Cuihua
- Final - 34.768 (Bronze medal)
- Wang Yan
- Final - 35.013 (4th place)
Diving
Main article: Diving at the 2000 Summer Olympics
China won ten medals at the diving competition — five gold medals and five silver medals. Fu Mingxia, who had retired after the 1996 Olympics, came back to win a gold and silver medal and become the first woman to win five Olympic medals.
Men's 3 Metre Springboard
- Xiao Hailiang
- Preliminary — 419.91
- Semi-final — 235.92 — 655.83
- Final — 435.12 — 671.04 (→ 4th place)
Men's 3 Metre Springboard
- Xiong Ni
- Preliminary — 457.38
- Semi-final — 230.4 — 687.78
- Final — 478.32 — 708.72 (→ Gold Medal)
Men's 10 Metre Platform
- Hu Jia
- Preliminary — 485.42
- Semi-final — 206.61 — 692.04
- Final — 506.94 — 713.55 (→ Gold Medal)
Men's 10 Metre Platform
- Tian Liang
- Preliminary — 503.16
- Semi-final — 201.45 — 704.61
- Final — 523.08 — 724.53 (→ Gold Medal)
Men's Synchronized 3 Metre Springboard
- Xiao Hailiang and Xiong Ni
- Final — 365.58 (→ Gold Medal)
- Final — 365.58 (→
Men's Synchronized 10 Metre Platform
- Hu Jia and Tian Liang
- Final — 358.74 (→
Silver Medal)
- Final — 358.74 (→
Women's 3 Metre Springboard
- Fu Mingxia
- Preliminary — 342.75
- Semi-final — 242.82 — 585.57
- Final — 366.60 — 609.42 (→ Gold Medal)
Women's 3 Metre Springboard
- Guo Jingjing
- Preliminary — 332.67
- Semi-final — 251.22 — 583.89
- Final — 346.59 — 597.81 (→ Silver Medal)
Women's 10 Metre Platform
- Li Na
- Preliminary — 366.66
- Semi-final — 196.23 — 562.89
- Final — 345.78 — 542.01 (→ Silver Medal)
Women's 10 Metre Platform
- Sang Xue
- Preliminary — 374.79
- Semi-final — 196.11 — 570.9
- Final — 316.92 — 513.03 (→ 4th place)
Women's Synchronized 3 Metre Springboard
- Fu Mingxia and Guo Jingjing
- Final — 321.6 (→ Silver Medal)
- Final — 321.6 (→
Women's Synchronized 10 Metre Platform
Fencing
Main article: Fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Thirteen fencers, six men and seven women, represented China in 2000.
Football
Main article: Football at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Women's Team Competition
- Team Roster
Gymnastics
Main article: Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Hockey
Main article: Field hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Women's Team Competition
- Team Roster
- Cai Xuemei
- Chen Zhaoxia
- Cheng Hui
- Hou Xiaolan
- Huang Junxia
- Liu Lijie
- Long Fengyu
- Nie Yali
- Shen Lihong
- Tang Chunling
- Wang Jiuyan
- Yang Hongbing
- Yang Huiping
- Yu Yali
- Zhou Wanfeng
Judo
Main article: Judo at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Modern pentathlon
Main article: Modern pentathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Men's Competition:
- Qian Zhenzua — 3836 pts (→ 24th place)
Women's Competition:
- Wang Jinglin — 4490 pts (→ 20th place)
Rowing
Main article: Rowing at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Sailing
Main article: Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics
One man and three women competed for the People's Republic of China in the sailing competition at the 2000 Olympics in three events.
Men's Mistral
- Zhou Yuanguo
- Race 1 - (37) OCS
- Race 2 - 6
- Race 3 - 23
- Race 4 - (37) DSQ
- Race 5 - 18
- Race 6 - 2
- Race 7 - 3
- Race 8 - 2
- Race 9 - 1
- Race 10 - 1
- Race 11 - 8
- Final - 64 (5th place)
Women's Mistral
- Zhang Chujun
- Race 1 - 10
- Race 2 - (17)
- Race 3 - 8
- Race 4 - (11)
- Race 5 - 6
- Race 6 - 3
- Race 7 - 5
- Race 8 - 5
- Race 9 - 8
- Race 10 - 8
- Race 11 - 7
- Final - 60 (7th place)
Women's Double Handed Dinghy (470)
- Yang Xiaoyan and Li Dongying
- Race 1 - (19)
- Race 2 - 14
- Race 3 - (19)
- Race 4 - 18
- Race 5 - 11
- Race 6 - 16
- Race 7 - 18
- Race 8 - 18
- Race 9 - 16
- Race 10 - 17
- Race 11 - 12
- Final - 140 (19th place)
Shooting
Main article: Shooting at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Softball
Main article: Softball at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Women's Team Competition
- Team Roster
Swimming
Main article: Swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Men's 50m Freestyle
- Jiang Chengji
- Preliminary Heat — 22.82 (→ did not advance)
Men's 400m Freestyle
- Jin Hao
- Preliminary Heat — 03:57.32 (→ did not advance)
Men's 1500m Freestyle
- Jin Hao
- Preliminary Heat — 15:48.49 (→ did not advance)
Men's 100m Butterfly
- Ouyang Kunpeng
- Preliminary Heat — 54.12 (→ did not advance)
Men's 200m Butterfly
- Xie Xufeng
- Preliminary Heat — 02:02.00 (→ did not advance)
Men's 100m Breaststroke
- Zhu Yi
- Preliminary Heat — 01:03.20 (→ did not advance)
Men's 200m Breaststroke
- Zhu Yi
- Preliminary Heat — 02:21.60 (→ did not advance)
Men's 100m Backstroke
- Ouyang Kunpeng
- Preliminary Heat — 57.47 (→ did not advance)
Men's 200m Backstroke
- Fu Yong
- Preliminary Heat — 02:02.70 (→ did not advance)
Men's 200m Individual Medley
- Xie Xufeng
- Preliminary Heat — 02:04.67 (→ did not advance)
Men's 400m Individual Medley
- Xie Xufeng
- Preliminary Heat — 04:23.33 (→ did not advance)
- Jin Hao
- Preliminary Heat — 04:24.56 (→ did not advance)
Men's 4x100m Medley
- Fu Yong, Zhu Yi, Ouyang Kunpeng, and Xie Xufeng
- Preliminary Heat — 03:47.37 (→ did not advance)
Women's 50m Freestyle
- Han Xue
- Preliminary Heat — 26.01 (→ did not advance)
Women's 100m Freestyle
- Han Xue
- Preliminary Heat — 56.72 (→ did not advance)
Women's 200m Freestyle
- Wang Luna
- Preliminary Heat — 02:00.89
- Semi-final — 01:59.97
- Final — 01:59.55 (→ 8th place)
- Yang Yu
- Preliminary Heat — 02:01.34 (→ did not advance)
Women's 400m Freestyle
- Chen Hua
- Preliminary Heat — 04:10.56
- Final — 04:13.11 (→ 8th place)
Women's 800m Freestyle
- Chen Hua
- Preliminary Heat — 08:33.23
- Final — 08:30.58 (→ 6th place)
Women's 100m Butterfly
- Liu Limin
- Preliminary Heat — 59.98 (→ did not advance)
- Ruan Yi
- Preliminary Heat — 01:01.16 (→ did not advance)
Women's 200m Butterfly
- Liu Limin
- Preliminary Heat — 02:12.32 (→ did not advance)
- Liu Yin
- Preliminary Heat — 02:12.79 (→ did not advance)
Women's 100m Breaststroke
- Li Wei
- Preliminary Heat — 01:10.55 (→ did not advance)
Women's 200m Breaststroke
- Qi Hui
- Preliminary Heat — 02:26.76
- Semi-final — 02:24.21
- Final — 02:25.36 (→ 4th place)
- Luo Xuejuan
- Preliminary Heat — 02:28.43
- Semi-final — 02:25.86
- Final — 02:27.33 (→ 8th place)
Women's 100m Backstroke
- Zhan Shu
- Preliminary Heat — 01:02.19
- Semi-final — 01:02.92 (→ did not advance)
Women's 100m Backstroke
- Lu Donghua
- Preliminary Heat — 01:02.91
- Semi-final — 01:03.31 (→ did not advance)
Women's 200m Backstroke
- Zhan Shu
- Preliminary Heat — 02:15.97 (→ did not advance)
Women's 200m Individual Medley
- Chen Yan
- Preliminary Heat — 02:16.01
- Semi-final — 02:15.27 (→ did not advance)
- Zhan Shu
- Preliminary Heat — 02:16.63
- Semi-final — 02:16.58 (→ did not advance)
Women's 400m Individual Medley
- Chen Yan
- Preliminary Heat — 04:45.65 (→ did not advance)
- Liu Yin
- Preliminary Heat — 04:50.33 (→ did not advance)
Women's 4x100m Freestyle
Women's 4x200m Freestyle
Women's 4x100m Medley
Synchronized swimming
Main article: Synchronized swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Team
- Hou Yingli, Jin Na, Li Min, Li Yuanyuan, Li Zhen, Wang Fang, Xia Ye, Zhang Xiaohuan, Li Rouping
- Technical Routine - 33.017
- Free Routine - 61.576
- Final - 94.593 (7th place)
Duet
- Li Min, Li Yuanyuan
- Technical Routine - 33.25
- Free Routine - 61.534
- Final - 94.784 (7th place)
Table tennis
Main article: Table tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Taekwondo
Main article: Taekwondo at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Tennis
Main article: Tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Triathlon
Main article: Triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics
At the inaugural Olympic triathlon competition, China was represented by two women.
Women's Individual Competition:
Volleyball
Main article: Volleyball at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Women's Team Competition
- Preliminary Round (Group A)
- Lost to United States (1-3)
- Lost to Croatia (1-3)
- Lost to Brazil (0-3)
- Defeated Kenya (3-0)
- Defeated Australia (3-0)
- Quarterfinals
- Lost to Russia (0-3)
- Classification Matches
- 5th/8th place: Defeated South Korea (3-1)
- 5th/6th place: Defeated Germany (3-1) → Fifth place
- Team Roster
- Head Coach: Hu Jin
Weightlifting
Main article: Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Men
| Athlete | Event | Snatch | Clean & Jerk | Total | Rank | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| Wu Wenxiong | – 56 kg | 125.0 | 157.5 | 162.5 | 287.5 |  | |||
| Zhang Xiangxiang | – 56 kg | 125.0 | 157.5 | 162.5 | 287.5 |  | |||
| Zhan Guozheng | – 69 kg | 150.0 | 152.5 | 185.0 | 337.5 | 4 | |||
| Wan Jianhui | – 69 kg | 147.5 | DNF | — | |||||
Women
| Athlete | Event | Snatch | Clean & Jerk | Total | Rank | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| Chen Xiaomin | – 63 kg | 105.0 | 110.0 | 112.5 | 130.0 | — | 242.5 |  | |
| Lin Weining | – 69 kg | 107.5 | 110.0 | 132.5 | 242.5 | | |||
| Ding Meiyuan | + 75 kg | 130.0 | 135.0 | 157.5 | 162.5 | 165.0 | 300.0 | | |
Wrestling
Main article: Wrestling at the 2000 Summer Olympics
References
- ↑ "China at the 2000 Summer Games". sports-reference.com. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). "Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad - Results". Retrieved 2010-04-28.
Additional Resources
- Wallechinsky, David (2004). The Complete Book of the Summer Olympics (Athens 2004 Edition). Toronto, Canada. ISBN 1-894963-32-6.
- International Olympic Committee (2001). The Results. Retrieved 12 November 2005.
- Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad Volume 1: Preparing for the Games. Retrieved 20 November 2005.
- Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad Volume 2: Celebrating the Games. Retrieved 20 November 2005.
- Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). The Results. Retrieved 20 November 2005.
- International Olympic Committee Web Site