China National Space Administration

China National Space Administration
国家航天局

Acronym	CNSA
Established	22 April 1993
Headquarters	Beijing, China
Primary spaceport	Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Administrator	Xu Dazhe
Budget	US$500 million (official); US$1.3 billion (Euroconsult)[1]
Website	www.cnsa.gov.cn

China National Space Administration
Traditional Chinese	國家航天局
Simplified Chinese	国家航天局
Literal meaning	National Astronautics Bureau
Transcriptions Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Guójiā Hángtiān Jú Wade–Giles Kuo-chia Hang-t'ien Chü IPA [kwɔ̌ tɕjá xɑ̌ŋ tʰjántɕy̌] Cantonese Jyutping Gwok3 Gaa1 Hong4 Tin1 Guk6 IPA [kʷɔ̄ːk.káːhɔ̏ːŋtʰīnkùːk]

The China National Space Administration (CNSA) is the national space agency of the People's Republic of China. It is responsible for the national space program^[2] and for planning and development of space activities. CNSA and China Aerospace Corporation (CASC) assumed the authority over space development efforts previously held by the Ministry of Aerospace Industry. It is a subordinate agency of the State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND), itself a subordinate agency of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT).

History

Although China's space program has existed since 1956, CNSA is a relatively new agency created in 1993 when the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was split into CNSA and the China Aerospace Corporation (CASC). The former was to be responsible for policy, while the latter was to be responsible for execution. This arrangement proved somewhat unsatisfactory, as these two agencies were, in effect, one large agency, sharing both personnel and management.^[2]

As part of a massive restructuring in 1998, CASC was split into a number of smaller state-owned companies. The intention appeared to have been to create a system similar to that characteristic of Western defense procurement in which entities which are government agencies, setting operational policy, would then contract out their operational requirements to entities which were government-owned, but not government-managed.^[2]

Function

CNSA was established as a government institution to develop and fulfill China's due international obligations, with the approval by the Eighth National People's Congress of China (NPC). The Ninth NPC assigned CNSA as an internal structure of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND). CNSA assumes the following main responsibilities: signing governmental agreements in the space area on behalf of organizations, inter-governmental scientific and technical exchanges; and also being in charge of the enforcement of national space policies and managing the national space science, technology and industry.

Up to now, China has signed governmental space cooperation agreements with Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, India, Italy, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and some other countries. Significant achievements have been scored in the bilateral and multilateral and technology exchanges and cooperation.^[2]

Administrators of CNSA are appointed by the State Council.

Ongoing major projects

FY 2011

• Tiangong 1: 9.4-ton "space laboratory module" launched in 2011.

FY 2013

• Chang'e 3: lunar-lander and rover launched in December 2013.
• Shenzhou 10: second manned mission to Tiangong-1.

Space travelers

As of 2013, ten Chinese nationals have traveled in space (alphabetical order) :

• 

  Fei Junlong

• 

  Jing Haipeng

• 

  Liu Boming

• 

  Liu Wang

• 

  Liu Yang

• 

  Nie Haisheng

• 

  Yang Liwei

• 

  Zhai Zhigang

Wang Yaping (王亚平） Zhang Xiaoguang

Administration

The current administrator is Xu Dazhe, appointed in 2013. Jin Zhuanglong and Luo Ge were appointed as vice-administrators in 2005.

List of Administrators

• April 1993: Liu Jiyuan
• April 1998: Luan Enjie
• 2004: Sun Laiyan
• 2010: Chen Qiufa
• April 2013: Ma Xingrui^[3]
• December 2013: Xu Dazhe^[4]

Departments

There are four departments under the CNSA:

• Department of General Planning
• Department of System Engineering
• Department of Science, Technology and Quality Control
• Department of Foreign Affairs

CNSA logo

CNSA's logo is a similar design to that of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.^[5] The arrow in middle has a similar shape as the Chinese character 人 which means 'human' or 'people', to state that human is the center of all space explorations. The three concentric ellipses stand for three types of Escape Velocity (minimum speed needed to reach sustainable orbits, to escape the earth system, and to escape the solar system) which are milestones of space exploration. The second ring is drawn with a bold line, to state that China has passed the first stage of exploration (earth system) and is undergoing the second stage exploration (within the solar system). The 人 character stands above the three rings to emphasize humanity's capability to escape and explore. Olive branches were added to state that China's space exploration is peaceful in nature.

See also

• Chinese space program
• Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
• List of space agencies

References

External links

• Official website

Chinese space program Space programs Beidou Navigation Satellite System Chinese anti-satellite missile test Chinese space station CBERS CLEP (Chang'e) Dong Fang Hong Double Star Fanhui Shi Weixing Fengyun Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope Kuafu Kuaizhou Long March Project 921-3 Shenzhou program Shuguang Space Solar Telescope Tiangong program Tianlian I Yaogan Yinghuo-1 Launch sites Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center Wenchang Satellite Launch Center Xichang Satellite Launch Center Scientists Du Qinghua Hu Haichang Ouyang Ziyuan Qi Faren Qian Xuesen Sun Laiyan Wan Hu Wang Yongzhi Ye Peijian Zhao Jiuzhang Zhu Miaolong Astronauts Fei Junlong Jing Haipeng Liu Boming Liu Yang Liu Wang Nie Haisheng Yang Liwei Zhai Zhigang Zhang Xiaoguang Wang Yaping China National Space Administration (CNSA)

Chinese spacecraft Earth observation Fengyun HaiYang SMMS Tansuo-1 Ziyuan 3 Communication and engineering Dong Fang Hong FH-1 APMT Asiasat Chinasat ChinaStar HKSTG Sinosat LGSP Tsinghua-1 OlympicSat Data relay satellite system Tianlian I Tianlian I-01 Tianlian I-02 Tianlian I-03 Tianlian II Positioning BeiDou-1 BeiDou-2 Astronomical observation Double Star (joint with ESA) Space Solar Telescope Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope Kuafu Lunar and planetary exploration Chinese Lunar Exploration Program Chang'e 1 Chang'e 2 Chang'e 3 Yutu Chang'e 5-T1 Chang'e 4 Chang'e 5 Chang'e 6 Yinghuo-1 Future spacecraft in italics.

Chinese space facilities and organizations Centers Space cities Dongfeng space city Beijing space city Wenchang space city Shanghai space city Yantai space city Guizhou Aerospace Industrial Park Monitoring and control centers Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center Xi'an Satellite Monitor and Control Center China Deep Space Tracking Network Yuanwang-class space tracking ships China Domestic Tracking Stations China Overseas Tracking Stations Launch sites Suborbital launch sites Nanhui Launch Site Base 603 Orbital launch sites Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center Wenchang Satellite Launch Center Xichang Satellite Launch Center Manned spacecraft landing site Siziwang Banner Associated organizations Universities and institutes CAS Key Laboratory of high-temperature gas dynamics China Aerodynamics Research & Development Center Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University China's Space Medical Institute Ministries and agencies China Ministry of Aerospace Industry China National Space Administration China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology Fifth Academy of the Defence Ministry China Aerospace Corporation

Public-sector space agencies Africa North Africa ASAL NARRS CNT Sub-Saharan GSSTC NASRDA SANSA Americas North America CSA AEM NASA AFSPC NRO SMDC USSTRATCOM South America CONAE AEB DCTA INPE ITA CCE ABAE IVIC Asia East Asia CNSA CALT CAST CCF CGWIC COSTIND JAXA ISAS NAL NASDA NICT USEF NRSC KCST KARI SaTReC NSPO Southeast Asia LAPAN MNSA PAGASA SSTA IN.Genius GISTDA South Asia SPARRSO ISRO Antrix Corp DoS SUPARCO Southwest Asia MAKA1 IAIO ISA SAHA ISA NCSR TÜBİTAK UZAY EIAST Central Asia KazCosmos TNSA Europe ASA BSA1 BISA SRTI CSO DTU Space ECSS ESA EUMETSAT EUSC CNES DLR ISARS HSO ASI Luxinnovation SRON NSC CBK ROSA RKA1 SRI1 VKO SSP INTA SNSB SSO TÜBİTAK UZAY UKSA SSAU1 Oceania CSIRO World APSCO COSPAR IAA INTELSAT Interkosmos Intersputnik PASA UNCOPUOS UNOOSA See also: Timeline of first orbital launches by country 1 Preceded by the Soviet space program

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Authority control WorldCat VIAF: 129212841 LCCN: n2004152014