China Marine Surveillance

中国海监
China Marine Surveillance
Ensign of China Marine Surveillance.
Active 1998-Present
Country China
Branch State Oceanic Administration
Type Paramilitary maritime law enforcement agency
Role Enforcing laws and order in China’s territorial waters, EEZ and other disputed waters
Garrison/HQ Qingdao, Shanghai, and Guangzhou
Equipment 400 vessels and 10 aircraft
Insignia
Flag

China Marine Surveillance (CMS; Chinese: 中国海监; pinyin: Zhōngguó Hǎijiān) is the maritime surveillance agency of China.[1]

Patrol vessels from China Marine Surveillance are commonly deployed to locations in the South China Sea and East China Sea where China has territorial disputes over islands with its neighbors.[2][3][4][5][6] The CMS has played a central role in China's increasing assertiveness in the South China Sea, encountering opposition from Japan, the Philippines and Vietnam in the disputed territories, as China tries to lock up natural resources to meet its demands as the world’s largest energy consumer.[7]

One senior US naval intelligence officer has suggested that the mission of China Marine Surveillance is to "harass other nations into submitting to China's expansive claims."[6]

Organization and function

As a part of the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China's China Maritime Safety Administration (or more literally the "China Sea Affairs Bureau"), the CMS has the authority to examine transport safety in sea vessels.<ref name=Martime Safety Administration of the People's Republic of China>"International Safety Management (ISM)". 11 May 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2013.</ref>

Established 1998, the CMS, charged with the supervisory responsibility for some 3 million square kilometers of Chinese declared territorial waters, employs some 7,000 individuals and operates some 10 aircraft, including at least one Mil Mi-8 helicopter and two Harbin Y-12 utility planes, and 400 seagoing vessels.(Two Harbin Y-12 aircraft seen at Guilin airfield on a number of occasions in August 2013.) It has grown in fleet size and capability. Its fleet is made up of, in part, destroyers and other former Chinese Navy vessels.[8]

In March 2013, China announced it shall modify a unified Coast Guard commanded by the State Oceanic Administration. The move shall merge China Marine Surveillance under the China Coast Guard.[9]

North China Sea Fleet

The North China Sea Fleet is led by both North China Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration and China Marine Surveillance.

 Name   Builder   Displacement   Commissioned   Home port   Status 
Haijian 01 (Chinese: 中国海监 01) 54,18 2012 Active
Haijian 15 (Chinese: 中国海监 15) Wuchang Shipbuilding 1,740 January 2011 Qingdao, Shandong Active
Haijian 23 (Chinese: 中国海监 23) 1125
Haijian 26 (Chinese: 中国海监 26) 1125 April 2011 Qingdao, Shandong Active
Haijian 110 (Chinese: 中国海监 110) 3,000 November 2012 Active. Formerly a tug boat Beituo 710 (Chinese: 北拖 710) in the North China Sea Fleet of PLA Navy
Haijian 111 (Chinese: 中国海监 111) 5,000 November 2012 Active. Formerly an icebreaker Haibing 723 (Chinese: 海冰 723)
Haijian 112 (Chinese: 中国海监 112) Active
Haijian 137 (Chinese: 中国海监 137) 3,000 November 2012 Active
Haijian 167 (Chinese: 中国海监 167) Active
Haijian 168 (Chinese: 中国海监 168) Active
Haijian 169 (Chinese: 中国海监 169) Active
Haijian 852 (Chinese: 中国海监 852) Active

East China Sea Fleet

The East China Sea Fleet is led by both East China Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration and China Marine Surveillance.

 Name   Builder   Displacement   Commissioned   Home port   Status 
Haijian 41 (中国海监41) 201.51
Haijian 44 (中国海监44) 201.51
Haijian 46 (中国海监46) Wuchang Shipbuilding 1,101 April 2005 Ningbo, Zhejiang Active
Haijian 47 (中国海监47) 656.66 September 1973 Ningbo, Zhejiang Active
Haijian 49 (中国海监49) 996.7 Around 1997 Ningbo, Zhejiang Active
Haijian 50 (中国海监50) 3,336 Shanghai Active
Haijian 51 (中国海监51) Wuchang Shipbuilding 1,937 November 2005 Shanghai Active
Haijian 52 (中国海监52) 2,421 2000 Shanghai Planned to be inactive soon
Haijian 53 (中国海监53) 284
Haijian 66 (中国海监66) Huangpu Shipbuilding 1,290

South China Sea Fleet

The South China Sea Fleet is led by both South China Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration and China Marine Surveillance.

 Name   Builder   Displacement   Commissioned   Home port   Status 
Haijian 27 (中国海监27) 1,200 Active
Haijian 71 (Chinese: 中国海监71) Wuchang Shipbuilding 1,111 Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong Active
Haijian 72 (Chinese: 中国海监72) Wuchang Shipbuilding 898.8 Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong ?
Haijian 73 (Chinese: 中国海监73) Guangzhou Shipbuilding 1,118 Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong Active. Formerly Xiangyanghong 03 (Chinese: 向阳红03)
Haijian 74 (Chinese: 中国海监74) Wuchang Shipbuilding 996 Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong Active.
Haijian 75 (Chinese: 中国海监75) Huangpu Shipbuilding 1,290 October 2010 Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong Active
Haijian 78 (中国海监78) Active
Haijian 79 (中国海监79) Active
Haijian 83 (中国海监83) 3,980 Active
Haijian 84 (中国海监84) Wuchang Shipbuilding 1,740 May 2011 Guangzhou, Guangdong Active
Haijian 88 (中国海监88) Active

Deployments around Diaoyu Islands

According to the State Oceanic Administration, the following operations in the territorial waters around Diaoyu Islands have been carried out by CMS, which is now known as China Coast Guard.

Date Ships Operations Japan's Reaction Ref
September 14, 2012 Haijian 50, 15, 26, 27, 51, 66 Cruise and patrol JCG ships expelled the CMS ships. Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary Osamu Fujimura told reporters "We strongly request that the Chinese authorities leave our territory". China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded and described the patrol as a “rights defense law enforcement action, to reflect the Chinese government’s jurisdiction over the Diaoyu Islands and safeguard China’s maritime rights and interests.” [10][11][12]
April 23, 2013 Haijian 51, 23, 46, 50, 15, 49, 66, 137 Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe expressed "regret" over the incident when he attended a meeting of the Japanese House of Councillors Committee on Appropriations. Japanese Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Chikao Kawai called in Cheng Yonghua, the China's ambassador to Japan, and raised a "strong protest" against China's actions. Kawai requested CMS ships to leave, which was denied by Cheng. Cheng reiterated China's stance that China owns indisputable sovereignty over Diaoyu Islands and did not accept the protest. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]
April 26, 2013 Haijian 51, 23, 46 Cruise and patrol JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area on radio. [20][21][22][23]
May 5, 2013 Haijian 50, 15, 66 Cruise and patrol JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area on radio. [24][25][26]
May 13, 2013 Haijian 50, 15, 66 Cruise and patrol JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area on radio. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Shinsuke Sugiyama protested to Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan. [27][28][29]
May 17, 2013 Haijian 50, 26, 66 Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area on radio. [30][31][32]
May 23, 2013 Haijian 66, 46, 26 Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Shinsuke Sugiyama called Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan, and protested China's "intrusion". [33][34][35][36]
May 26, 2013 Haijian 66, 26, 46 Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Shinsuke Sugiyama called Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan, and protested this incident. China did not accept the protest. [37][38][38][39][40]
June 14, 2013 Haijian 51, 23, 49 Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Shinsuke Sugiyama called Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan, and protested this incident. China did not accept the protest. [41][42][43]
June 22, 2013 Haijian 51, 23, 49 Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area on radio. [44][45]

Deployments within the South China Sea

Ordinals Time Ships Operations Vietnam's and Philippines' Reactions Ref

See also

References

  1. ↑ Cole, J. Michael (3 January 2013). "China’s Maritime Surveillance Fleet Adds Muscle". The Diplomat. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  2. ↑ Perlez, Jane (11 September 2012). "China Accuses Japan of Stealing After Purchase of Group of Disputed Islands". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
  3. ↑ Foster, Malcolm (14 September 2012). "6 Chinese Ships Near Islands in Dispute with Japan". Associated Press. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
  4. ↑ Katigbak, Jose (9 February 2013). "Chinese navy focused on sea row". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
  5. ↑ Bodeen, Christopher (15 May 2013). "China questions Japan rule over Okinawa". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "China's expanding core interests". The Times of India. 11 May 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
  7. ↑ Lakshmanan, Indira (18 June 2013). "China's Military Buildup Worrisome, Japan's U.S. Ambassador Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
  8. ↑ "China adds destroyers to marine surveillance: report". AFP. 31 December 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  9. ↑ - Articles - Nation merging maritime patrol forces
  10. ↑ Austin Ramzy (September 14, 2012). "Tensions with Japan Increase as China Sends Patrol Boats to Disputed Islands". Time (magazine) (New York City, USA).
  11. ↑ "Multiple Patrol Vessels of China Marine Surveillance patrolled within the territory water of the Diaoyu Islands" (in Chinese). Hong Kong, China: Phoenix New Media Limited. September 14, 2012.
  12. ↑ "不是神隱！中國6艘海監船同來　日本大感驚訝". 2012-09-14. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  13. ↑ "China's Haijian 50 Law Enforcement Group Cruise Over China's Territorial Waters Around Diaoyu Islands on May 5" (in Chinese). State Oceanic Administration's web site. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  14. ↑ "CMS Successfully Rammed Japanese Vessels that Infringed China's Sovereignty" (in Chinese). State Oceanic Administration's web site. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  15. ↑ Yang, Liu (25 April 2013). "Abe Expresses "Regret" over CMS Ships Entering Waters Around Diaoyu Islands". People's Daily (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  16. ↑ "Eight Chinese vessels enter Senkaku area". The Japan Times. 24 April 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  17. ↑ Harry Kazianis (April 29, 2013). "Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands: A "Core Interest" of China". The Diplomat (Tokyo, Japan).
  18. ↑ Jethro Mullen and Yoko Wakatuski (April 24, 2013). "Chinese and Japanese ships cluster around disputed islands". CNN (CNN Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA).
  19. ↑ "中国監視船８隻、尖閣諸島沖の領海に侵入". 2013-04-23. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  20. ↑ "China's Haijian 51 Law Enforcement Group Cruise Over China's Territorial Waters Around Diaoyu Islands on April 26" (in Chinese). State Oceanic Administration's web site. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  21. ↑ Guanyang, Dong (26 April 2013). "CMS Ships Continue Law Enforcement Cruises in Territorial Waters Around Diaoyu Islands". People's Daily (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  22. ↑ (AFP) (April 26, 2013). "Chinese ships enter Japan's territorial waters despite Abe's warning". South China Morning Post (Hong Kong, China). South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd.
  23. ↑ "中国船３隻が領海侵入　尖閣諸島周辺". 2013-04-26. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  24. ↑ "China's Haijian 50 Law Enforcement Group Cruise Over China's Territorial Waters Around Diaoyu Islands on May 5" (in Chinese). State Oceanic Administration's web site. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  25. ↑ (AFP) (May 5, 2013). "Chinese ships enter disputed territorial waters, says Japan". New Delhi, India. NDTV.
  26. ↑ "中国船３隻が領海侵入　尖閣周辺、外務省は抗議". 2013-05-05. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  27. ↑ "China's Haijian 50 Law Enforcement Group Cruise Over China's Territorial Waters Around Diaoyu Islands on May 13" (in Chinese). State Oceanic Administration's web site. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  28. ↑ "Three Chinese ships enter Japanese waters near Senkakus 13 May 2013". House of Japan. May 13, 2013.
  29. ↑ "中国船が１２時間領海侵入　尖閣、外務省が厳重抗議". 2013-05-13. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  30. ↑ "China's Haijian 50 Law Enforcement Group Cruise Over China's Territorial Waters Around Diaoyu Islands on May 17" (in Chinese). State Oceanic Administration's web site. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  31. ↑ (AFP) (May 17, 2013). "Chinese ships in waters of disputed islands, alleges Japan". The Straits Times (Singapore). Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Co.
  32. ↑ "尖閣領海に中国船が相次ぎ侵入　海洋監視船３隻、１３日以来". 2013-05-17. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  33. ↑ "China's Haijian 66 Law Enforcement Group Cruise Over China's Territorial Waters Around Diaoyu Islands on May 23" (in Chinese). State Oceanic Administration's web site. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  34. ↑ "Japan Protests China Maritime Surveillance Ships Entering Waters Around Diaoyu Islands" (in Chinese). Fenghuang. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  35. ↑ (AFP) (May 23, 2013). "Three Chinese ships in disputed Diaoyu waters, says Japan coastguard". South China Morning Post (Hong Kong, China). South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd.
  36. ↑ "中国監視船3隻が尖閣諸島沖合の日本領海に侵入、22日連続航行". 2013-05-23. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  37. ↑ "China's Haijian 66 Law Enforcement Group Cruise Over China's Territorial Waters Around Diaoyu Islands on May 26" (in Chinese). State Oceanic Administration's web site. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Japan Protests China's Haijian Patrol Vessels Driving Japanese Boats Away" (in Chinese). China Nanfang Daily. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  39. ↑ EFE (May 26, 2013). "Chinese navy orders Japanese vessels away from disputed islands". FOX News Latino (New York City, USA: FOX News Network).
  40. ↑ "中国の海洋監視船３隻が領海侵入". 2013-05-26. Archived from the original on 2013-05-26. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  41. ↑ "China's Haijian 51 Law Enforcement Group Cruise Over China's Territorial Waters Around Diaoyu Islands on June 14" (in Chinese). State Oceanic Administration's web site. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  42. ↑ "Three Chinese Ships in Disputed Diaoyu Waters Says Japan Coastguard". Agence France-Presse (used by South China Morning Post in Hong Kong). Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  43. ↑ "尖閣領海に中国船侵入　３隻、５月２６日以来". 2013-06-14. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  44. ↑ "China's Haijian 51 Law Enforcement Group Cruise Over China's Territorial Waters Around Diaoyu Islands on June 22" (in Chinese). State Oceanic Administration's web site. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  45. ↑ "尖閣領海に中国監視船３隻侵入　国有化後４８回目". 2013-06-22. Retrieved 27 February 2014.