Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Нохч-ГІалгІайн ACCP Чечено-Ингушская ACCP
Autonomous republic of the Soviet Union
← 1936–1944 1957–1991 →   →
Flag Coat of arms
Map of the Soviet Caucasus including the Chechen–Ingush ASSR.
Capital		Grozny
Historical era		20th century
-	Ingush and Chechen    Autonomous Oblasts    unified	January 15 1934
-	Sovereignty declared	November 1990
-	Independence declared	May 1991
Today part of		Russia

The Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, or Chechen-Ingush ASSR (Chechen: Нохч-ГІалгІайн Автономнин Советски Социалистически Республика; Russian: Чече́но-Ингу́шская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика) was an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Grozny.

As of 1979 census, its territory was 19,300 km² and population of 1,155,805 (1979 Census):^[1] 611,405 being Chechens, 134,744 Ingushes, the rest being Russians and other ethnic groups.^[1]

History

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History of Chechnya
Prehistory
Kura–Araxes culture Kayakent culture Kharachoi culture Koban culture
Ancient
Medieval
Early modern
"Ichkerian" Era Caucasian Imamate Russian Empire
Modern
Mountain Republic 1917–1920 North Caucasian Emirate 1919–1920 Chechen National Okrug 1920–1922 Chechen Autonomous Oblast 1922–1934 Chechen–Ingush Aut. Oblast 1934–1936 Chechen–Ingush ASSR 1936–1944 Grozny Oblast 1944–1957 Chechen–Ingush ASSR 1957–1991 Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 1991–2000 Chechen Republic 2000–present
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Russian Empire

In 1810, the historical Ingushetia voluntarily joined Imperial Russia, and in 1859 the historical Chechnya was annexed to Russia as well, during the long Caucasian war of 1817–64.

Soviet period

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, on January 20, 1921, Chechnya and Ingushetia joined the Mountain soviet republic. Partition of the Mountain ASSR began shortly after it was formed, and its Chechen District was separated on November 30, 1922 as Chechen Autonomous Oblast. On July 7, 1924, the remains of the Mountain ASSR were split into North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and Ingush Autonomous Oblast. On January 15, 1934, Chechen and Ingush Autonomous Oblasts were joined into Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Oblast, which was elevated in status to that of an ASSR (Chechen-Ingush ASSR) on December 5, 1936.

World War II

During World War II, in 1942–43, the republic was partly occupied by Nazi Germany while 40,000 Chechens fought in the Red Army. On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Joseph Stalin, the republic was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between Stavropol Krai (where Grozny Okrug was formed), the Dagestan ASSR, the North Ossetian ASSR, and the Georgian SSR.

Post-war period

The republic was restored on January 9, 1957 by Nikita Khrushchev.

In November 1990, the republic issued the declaration of its sovereignty and in May 1991 an independent Chechen-Ingush Republic was pronounced, which was subsequently divided into independent Chechen Republic and Republic of Ingushetia. Today, both are federal subjects of Russia.

Demographics

• Vital statistics

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service

• Ethnic groups

1. Combined results of Chechnya and Ingushetia

See also

• History of Chechnya
• First Secretary of the Chechen-Ingush Communist Party

References

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union Soviet Union By name Abkhaz Adjar Bashkir Buryat1 Chechen-Ingush Chuvash Crimean Dagestan Gorno-Altai Kabardin Kabardino-Balkar Kalmyk Karakalpak Karelian Kazak2 Kirghiz2 Kirghiz Komi Mari Moldavian Mordovian Mountain Nakhchivan North Ossetian Tajik Tatar Turkestan Tuva Udmurt Volga German Yakut By year established     1918–1924  Turkestan 1918–1941  Volga German 1919–1990  Bashkir 1920–1925  Kirghiz2 1920–1990  Tatar 1921–1990  Adjar 1921–1945  Crimean 1921–1991  Dagestan 1921–1924  Mountain 1921–1990  Nakhchivan 1922–1991  Yakut 1923–1990  Buryat1 1923–1940  Karelian 1924–1940  Moldavian 1924–1929  Tajik 1925–1992  Chuvash 1925–1936  Kazak2 1926–1936  Kirghiz 1931–1991  Abkhaz 1932–1992  Karakalpak 1934–1990  Mordovian 1934–1990  Udmurt 1935–1943  Kalmyk 1936–1944  Chechen-Ingush 1936–1944  Kabardino-Balkar 1936–1990  Komi 1936–1990  Mari 1936–1990  North Ossetian 1944–1957  Kabardin 1956–1991  Karelian 1957–1990  Chechen-Ingush 1957–1991  Kabardino-Balkar 1958–1990  Kalmyk 1961–1992  Tuva 1990–1991  Gorno-Altai 1991–1992  Crimean 1 Buryat–Mongol until 1958. 2 Kazak ASSR was called Kirghiz ASSR until 1925.

Coordinates: 43°19′00″N 45°41′00″E / 43.3167°N 45.6833°E / 43.3167; 45.6833