Charles Hertzberg

Charles S. L. Hertzberg
Birth name Charles Sumner Lund Hertzberg
Born 12 June 1886
Toronto, Ontario
Died 10 January 1944 (aged 57)
New Delhi, India
Buried at Delhi War Cemetery, India
Allegiance  Canada
Service/branch  Canadian Army
Years of service 1902–1944
Rank Major General
Commands held Chief Engineer First Canadian Army
Chief Engineer I Canadian Corps
Chief Engineer 7 Corps
Battles/wars First World War
Second World War
Awards Companion of the Order of the Bath
Military Cross
Volunteer Officers Decoration
Relations Major General Halfdan Hertzberg (brother)

Major General Charles Sumner Lund Hertzberg CB, MC, VD (12 June 1886 – 10 January 1944) was a prominent engineer and senior commander in the Canadian Army during the Second World War.[1][2][3][4] Hertzberg commanded the Royal Canadian Engineering Corps as Chief Engineer, First Canadian Army.[1][3] He was made a Companion of the Order of Bath, and died at age 57 after contracting smallpox on a special assignment in India.[1][3]

Early life and family

Born in Toronto, Ontario, Hertzberg was educated at St. Andrew's College in Aurora, Ontario, before earning an engineering degree at University of Toronto in 1905.[2]

Charles descended from a distinguished military family in Norway,[1] (and was the great-grandson of Niels Hertzberg). His brother, H.F.H. Hertzberg, also reached the rank of Major General. The Hertzbergs were the only brother-duo to hold the general rank at the same time in the Canadian army.[1]

Before heading overseas for the First World War, Hertzberg worked as a consulting engineer.[2]

First World War and Siberian Expedition

Hertzberg saw hard action as a Captain of the 7th Field Company of the Royal Canadian Engineers.[3] He was badly wounded in the chest at Vimy Ridge in 1917 and was awarded the Military Cross for "conspicuous bravery in action".[1][2][3] Deemed permanently unfit for any service, he was sent home.[1][2]

He managed make his way back into action in October 1918 at Vladivostok, where he fought with the Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force as a Major, with the title of Senior Engineering Officer.[1] Here he fought the Bolsheviks and was awarded the Czech War Cross.[1][2] He served until the Force demobilized in June 1919.[1][2]

Military involvement in the interwar years

In the interwar years Hertzberg remained active in the volunteer militia, (he was never a career soldier).[2] He commanded the Second Field Company and later the No. 2 District Engineers in Toronto.[2]

Hertzberg also served as Aide-de-Camp to Herbert Alexander Bruce, 15th Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario.,[2] and built a prominent engineering firm.[2]

Second World War

From 1939 to 1943 Hertzberg was the senior engineering officer for the Canadian Army overseas, forced into relinquishing his command by mandatory age limits.[1] He was the first Canadian to hold the position of Chief Engineer in the Canadian Army.[2]

Hertzberg went overseas in December 1939 as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division, tasked with commanding the engineers.[1] He quickly rose to Chief Engineer of the division, and then of the Army, with the rank of Major General.[1] During his command he and the Canadian engineers developed technologies that proved invaluable to the war effort.[1]

Hertzberg was favored by General Andrew McNaughton: when Hertzberg reached the age-limit for his rank, McNaughton asked the Minister to grant Hertzberg a special extension because there was "no other suitable officer" who could replace him.[1] Hertzberg was finally forced into retirement in June 1943. McNaughton wrote at the time:[1][2]

Hertzberg has rendered exceptional service and his work is deserving of the highest commendation. He will be a definite loss to the Canadian Army Overseas but I feel that the policy re retirement age limits must be followed.

Upon retirement Hertzberg was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath:[2]

On mobilization this officer was appointed C.R.E. 1 Canadian Division and proceeded overseas with his unit in the fall of 1939. He was appointed Chief Engineer 7 Corps on formation, subsequently became Chief Engineer 1 Canadian Corps and, in April 1942, Chief Engineer First Canadian Army, which post he at present holds. Throughout he has been the Senior Engineer Officer in the United Kingdom and personally responsible for the organization, administration and development of the Royal Canadian Engineers overseas. In the performance of his duties he has displayed initiative, organizing ability and leadership of a high order and the satisfactory state of organization, training and discipline of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers overseas is primarily due to this officer's energy, skill and efficiency. His work is deserving of the highest commendation and his zeal and devotion to duty have proved an inspiration and example to those serving under him.

---Awarded as per Canada Gazette and CARO/3494, both dated 2 June 1943.

Hertzberg died in January 1944 of smallpox while in India.[1][3] He was on a special assignment developing an innovative form of portable airfields.[1]

The Canadian Military Engineers award an annual trophy in Hertzberg's name.[4]

Hertzberg's projects included the Canada Life Building in Toronto, being built here in 1930.

Civilian life and private practice

Between the wars Hertzberg built a large structural engineering practice and helped build a number of landmark structures in Toronto, including the original Canadian Bank of Commerce head office, which was at the time (and for three decades) the tallest building in the Commonwealth.[2]

Hertzberg cofounded of the civil engineering consulting firm James, Loudon and Hertzberg. He then broke away from that firm to form a purely structural practice: Harkness, Loudon and Hertzberg, (which later became Harkness and Hertzberg, becoming a large and prominent Toronto practice).[2]

Hertzberg's buildings include:

Hertzberg was also an amateur artist. Many of his drawings are featured in the Canadian War Museum.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 Granatstein, G.L. (1993). The Generals: The Canadian Army's Senior Commanders in the Second World War. University of Calgary Press.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 . St. Andrew's College http://kilby.sac.on.ca/activitiesclubs/cadets/history/militaryoldboys/wwi/HertzbergCharles.html. Retrieved 31 January 2015. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "In memory of Major General Charles Sumner Lund Hertzberg". www.veterans.gc.ca. Veterans Affairs Canada. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 www.cmea-agmc.ca. Canadian Military Engineers Association http://www.cmea-agmc.ca/hertzberg-memorial-trophy. Retrieved 31 January 2015. Missing or empty |title= (help)