Charles E. Bennison

The Right Reverend
Charles Ellsworth Bennison, Jr.
Bishop of Pennsylvania
Church Episcopal Church
See Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania
In office 1998 — 2012
Predecessor Allen Lyman Bartlett, Jr.
Successor Clifton D. Daniel, 3d, provisional bishop
Orders
Ordination 1969
Consecration 1997
Personal details
Born 30 November 1943
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Previous post Rector, St Luke's, Atlanta, Georgia

Charles Ellsworth Bennison, Jr. (born November 30, 1943) is an Episcopal clergyman. He was the 15th bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania.

Education and family

Bennison was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 30, 1943, and was baptized at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in Hastings, Minnesota, on December 24, 1943. His father, Charles E. Bennison, Sr., was also a clergyman who went on to become Bishop of Western Michigan.

Bennison received a B.A. degree summa cum laude from Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin, in 1965. In 1965-66, he studied at Seabury-Western Theological Seminary, and then attended Harvard Divinity School, where he received a B.D. degree in 1968 and a Th.M. degree in 1970. He earned his M.A. degree from the Claremont Graduate School in 1977, and a S.T.M. degree from Union Theological Seminary in 1992. He was honored with a D.Div. degree from Episcopal Divinity School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1997.

Married to the former Joan Kathryn Reahard, the bishop has two daughters, Sarah and Kathryn.

Ministerial and academic career

Ordained a deacon in 1968 and a priest in 1969, Bennison began his full-time ministry in 1971 as rector of St. Mark's Church in Upland, California, where he was founder of St. Mark's Episcopal School, St. Mark's Homeless Shelter, and new congregations in Rancho Cucamonga and Chino, California.

In the Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles, he chaired the Program Group on Social Relations and the Standing Committee, served as president of the Corporation of the Diocese, taught at the Episcopal Theological School at Claremont Graduate School, and was a frequent reader of the General Ordination Examinations. He served as a member of Venture in Mission Board, the Los Angeles Jewish-Christian-Muslim Trialogue, the Anglican-Roman Catholic Commission, and numerous other bodies. In 1987, he was recognized by the Pomona Valley Council of Churches for outstanding leadership in ecumenical affairs. That year he was also among the nominees considered to replace Robert Rusack as bishop of the diocese, a position that ultimately went to Frederick Borsch.[1]

From 1988 to 1991, he was rector of St. Luke's Church in Atlanta, Georgia, where he substantially raised stewardship giving, broadened the participation of laity in the governance of the parish, and initiated a process leading to the acquisition of significant real estate holdings. In 1991 Bennison was involuntarily terminated from St. Luke's."[2]

Bennison has been a fellow of the College of Preachers[3] and a Masland fellow at Union Theological Seminary. In 1992, he was elected to the faculty of Episcopal Divinity School, where he served as associate professor of Pastoral theology and founded the program in Congregational Studies.

Bishop of Pennsylvania

Bennison was elected Bishop Coadjutor of the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania at a special convention held on October 19, 1996, at the Cathedral Church of the Savior in Philadelphia and was consecrated as a bishop on February 27, 1997 at the Deliverance Evangelistic church in Philadelphia. He was made the diocesan bishop on May 16, 1998.

Controversies

Bennison's tenure as Bishop of Pennsylvania was marked by controversies. Early in his episcopacy, Bennison became an important figure in the ongoing tension between liberal and conservative factions in the Episcopal Church. Theological disagreements with conservative Anglo-Catholic parishes led to extended legal battles over control of church property. In the latter years of his episcopacy, Bennison faced opposition from liberals and conservatives alike regarding diocesan finances and the purchase of a multimillion dollar 434 acre waterfront site on the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland that was developed as "Wapiti", a summer camp for youth and a diocesan conference center.

Disputes with traditionalist Anglo-Catholic parishes

In 1994-1995, seven Anglo-Catholic priests[4] opposed to the ordination of women made an agreement with the 14th bishop of Pennsylvania, Allen Bartlett, known as the "Parsons Plan."[5] Under the terms of this plan, Donald Parsons, the retired bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Quincy, would make episcopal visitations to several traditionalist parishes until the next General Convention. This arrangement was similar to the role of a provincial episcopal visitor in the Church of England.

In 1997, the General Convention adopted a resolution stating that "no member of this Church shall be denied a place in the life and governance of this Church on account of their sex or their theological views on the ordination of women,"[6] after which Bishop Bartlett decided not to renew the Parsons Plan. He retired later that year. Despite differences in churchmanship, traditionalist leaders in the diocese supported Charles Bennison's election under the impression that he would continue the provisions of the Parsons Plan.[7] These leaders assert that they cast their votes for him after he gave them solemn assurance that he would continue the "Parsons Plan." After his installation as Bishop, he announced that he had "changed his mind" and would no longer consider the Parsons Plan. When Bennison elected not to reinstitute the arrangement, several crises arose in the diocese, compounded by theological differences between Bennison and several conservative parishes.

Theological disagreements

Disagreements between traditionalist priests and Bishop Bennison centered on Bennison's writings on homosexuality and Christology. Bennison was a signatory to the "Koinonia Statement", a 1994 letter authored by John Shelby Spong, retired bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Newark. The statement affirmed the 1976 ordination of women and said that gay or lesbian relationships "that are faithful, monogamous, committed, life giving and holy are to be honored" and promised "support and protection" for gay and lesbian clergy.[8] In 1997, while still coadjutor, Bennison published an article arguing that, "Because the legitimized paradigm institutionalized in the church's present marriage liturgy is a heterosexist one directed against gay men and lesbian women, a change in the rite is required to delegitimize that paradigm."[9] He proposed 24 changes to the sacrament of marriage, some based on a "Visigothic rite,"[10] and wrote,

"In their relationships and families, lesbian and gay couples, in fact, often display a more enviable and ideal model of the church than do heterosexual couples. ... Anyone who has seen The Birdcage, Mike Nichols's rendition of the gay comedy classic "La Cage Aux Folles" with Robin Williams and Nathan Lane playing a gay couple ... knows that it looks like a mini-church. Throughout history gay and lesbian couples have established in their committed relationships such minichurches, and, if such is the nature of marriage, then the church ought to open to gay and lesbian couples the sacrament of marriage."[11]

Bennison's statements on salvation and the doctrine of the Resurrection have been cited as a source of controversy.[12] In a 2003 Easter Message, Bennison also wrote that Jesus "acknowledges his own sin. He knows himself to be forgiven."[13] Many Christians interpreted this remark to be a denial of the sinlessness of Jesus.[14]

Dispute with the Church of St. James the Less, Philadelphia

The Church of St. James the Less had, for many years, withheld its payments to the diocese in protest about the ordination of women. Bennison's decision to not renew the license of Fr. Willis, an assistant priest of St. James, further strained diocesan relations with the parish.[15]

In 1999, the vestry of St. James the Less voted to transfer the property and assets of the parish to a nonprofit corporation called the "CSJL Foundation," in order to disassociate from the diocese and the Episcopal Church.[16] In response to St James' attempt to secede from the diocese, Bishop Bennison declared the parish "inactive or extinct" and initiated litigation to seize its property. In 2003, the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas ruled that the attempted merger of St. James the Less with the CSJL Foundation was ultra vires and invalid, that the vestry was "ineligible to continue in their offices," and that the diocese could appoint or elect a new vestry.[17] St. James lost two subsequent appeals, first to Commonwealth Court and then to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.[18] Pursuant to the Supreme Court's decision, the Diocese assumed control of the St. James property, and the congregation left to form an independent church.[19]

Dispute with the Church of the Good Shepherd, Rosemont

Fr. David Moyer, Rector (1989-2011) of the Church of the Good Shepherd in Rosemont, Pennsylvania, was alleged to have refused to allow Bennison to make canonically-required episcopal visitations to Good Shepherd, saying the bishop "was too liberal and could not be trusted in the pulpit."[20] The charge, however, was disputed by Moyer and by the Vestry of the Church of the Good Shepherd, who insisted that they only advised Bishop Bennison that a visit would not be helpful. Bennison was specifically invited to visit with the Vestry and to inspect the books and records of the Parish, which would have fulfilled his canonical responsibility. Moyer was publicly critical of Bennison's public statements regarding the veracity of the Bible and sexual teachings, denouncing Bennison's teachings as "apostate and heretical"[21]

In March 2002, Bennison approved a decision by the Standing Committee of the Diocese of Pennsylvania to inhibit Moyer from exercising his priestly functions for six months under the canons of the church.[22] In April 2002, Moyer sought help from bishops in the Anglican Communion as they gathered for pre-arranged meetings in London.[23] The office of the Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey, "indicated that were David Moyer to be in a position of seeking permission, he would have no hesitation in giving him permission to officiate in the Diocese of Canterbury"; since Carey was scheduled to retire that October, however, the issue would have to be resolved by his successor, Rowan Williams.[20]

Moyer not having recanted, but insisting that he had not left the Episcopal Church as charged by Bennison, within the six-month period of inhibition, at the conclusion of the canonical inhibition Bennison deposed Moyer on September 4, 2002. Bennison deposed him using a canon designed for the removal from the official list of priests a priest who has left the church, rather than using the canon for disciplining of a wayward priest that provides for a church trial in which the priest may contest charges against him. Bennison explained, "I deposed him because he had over a decade shown a pattern of a series of canonical failures, one after another. Under his leadership, his parish has become increasingly alienated from his diocese.".[20]

On September 5, 2002 Moyer was received by Robert Duncan, Bishop of Pittsburgh, as a priest in good standing, although it is unclear whether such reception was permissible under the canon law of the Episcopal Church. .[21] Subsequently, Moyer served as dean of the conservative group Forward in Faith North America in 2004,[24] and was consecrated as a bishop in the Traditional Anglican Communion on February 16, 2005,[25] though he continued to serve as rector at the Church of the Good Shepherd until August 2011.[26] A Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, court found in the matter of Moyer v. Bennison, et al., on October 24, 2008, that there was no fraud on the part of Bennison, the charge on which the case turned.[27]

Diocesan financial dispute

During Bennison's episcopacy, the Diocese of Pennsylvania developed serious divisions over the management of church finances. Calls arose for Bennison to step down, which he resisted. The financial crisis came to a head in 2006, when the Standing Committee of the diocese voted twice to request Bennison's resignation, alleging the misappropriation of approximately $11.6 million from diocesan trust funds.[28] This followed the committee's repeated refusal to accept the reappointment of diocesan chancellor William Bullitt, who advised Bennison on financial matters, and the defeat of the 2006 budget in a diocesan convention. A major point of controversy was the planned use of $1.2 million in unrestricted net assets. Meanwhile, the Diocesan Council passed a resolution in support of Bennison, and Bishop Clayton Matthews of the church Office of Pastoral Development was called in to mediate.[28][29][30]

On November 6, 2006, the Standing Committee filed a complaint against Bennison with church authorities, charging that he had usurped its "canonical prerogatives and authority" by spending money and transferring funds without the committee's consent.[31] Bennison responded that the complaint had no merit, saying, "I have never spent any money in the diocese without the approbation of various governance bodies."[32] The chancellor to Presiding Bishop Katharine Jefferts Schori forwarded the complaint to a review committee in March 2007.[33]

Handling of a sexual misconduct case from the 1970s

During the diocesan financial controversy in 2006, allegations first made in 1979 were raised once again that Bennison, when he was serving as rector of a California parish in the 1970s, failed to respond appropriately to charges that his brother, John, had engaged in sexual misconduct while serving at St. Mark's Church in Upland, California. At the time John was in graduate theological studies, and Charles had hired him to serve as a part-time youth leader of St Mark's.[34] Although married, John was alleged to have had sexual relationships with several persons, including one who was allegedly 14. According to one newspaper reporter, John was alleged to have had sexual intercourse with the teen over a four-year period, both on and off the premises of St. Mark's Church.[35] However, in a subsequent deposition for Bishop Bennison's trial, the former teen acknowledged her sexual abuse at the age of 14 consisted of a back rub during a youth group meeting when she "felt funny."

In 1975, John left St. Mark's. In 1977, John acknowledged his failures, voluntarily left the priesthood, and was deposed by Bishop of Los Angeles Robert Rusack. In 1979, after meeting all canonical requirements, John was restored to the priesthood by the same bishop, who—according to subsequent trial testimony—was fully cognizant of the prior allegations of misconduct. In 1992, the same charges from the 1970s were raised once again. After a formal church investigation, the parish where John was then serving as rector responded with a unanimous vote of confidence for their priest. Finally, in 2006, Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) initiated a campaign calling for John's resignation. On 12 June 2006, Bishop of California William Swing announced his resignation from the parish and his deposition from the pastoral ministry.[36]

Meanwhile, although there had been these two prior public adjudications of the same matter, first in 1979, then in 1992, Bishop Bennison's critics said that he had concealed the alleged abuse of the minor from church authorities and police.[37] Charles Bennison initially said he had learned of the allegations from the girl's parents and promptly fired his brother. He acknowledged not having reported the matter to civil or ecclesiastical authorities at the time, saying, "I did not think it was my prerogative to do so on my own" (because the girl's parents had not chosen to report the matter to the police).[38] The girl's mother, June Alexis, disputed this account,[39] based on a 1978 letter from Bennison that she says indicate that he knew that their daughter was being abused by his brother, but did not tell them. John's ex-wife, Margaret Thompson, produced another letter from 1979 in which Charles Bennison asked her not to visit the parish because of the potential for "a public scandal here which, I believe, could cost me my job."[40][41] John's victim has stated that "she and John were twice interrupted during sex by Charles Bennison's arrival at his brother's apartment" (although it is unclear whether she alleges that Bishop Bennison saw them in a compromising situation).[40]

At the annual diocesan convention on November 11, 2006, Bennison said:

"Reading the statements from last weekend's sessions reminded me that it was probably the senior warden, not the girl's mother, who in 1975 reported John's abuse, after which I immediately told him to leave the parish, and that in order to maintain the confidentiality of both John and the girl, I did not tell the parents, who nonetheless confronted me when they had found out four years later. Until reading the statements I had never before known that John's destructive behavior did not stop, but rather increased, in the parish to which he went after leaving my parish. That I could have prevented that from happening had I known to act differently is extremely grievous to me. My efforts to maintain confidentiality and prevent scandal were very misguided."[42]

He acknowledged a "failure in the 1970s to act more assertively with regard to my brother, his victims, and the church," but also reassured people that the church had since established reporting and disciplinary procedures so that, "What happened 30 years ago would not happen today."[42]

Outside the convention, protesters renewed calls for Bennison's resignation. Inside, a motion to hold him accountable narrowly failed.[43] Instead, a study of the impact of sexual abuse by clergy was authorized almost unanimously. Unlike the previous year, the convention was able to adopt a $3.45 million program budget.[44][45]

Presentment of charges and inhibition from ordained ministry

On October 28, 2007, a judicial committee of the Episcopal Church issued a presentment of charges against Bennison. The two charges contained in the presentment were "contemporaneous failure to respond properly" when he learned of his brother's sexual misconduct and the "subsequent suppression of pertinent information."[46] Three days later, Katharine Jefferts Schori, the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church inhibited Bennison "from all ordained ministry pending a judgment of the Court for the Trial of a Bishop".[47] The Episcopal Church's Court for the Trial of a Bishop is a nine-member body consisting of both clergy and laity.

Conviction by an ecclesiastical court and deposition

On June 25, 2008 the Court for the Trial of a Bishop unanimously convicted Bennison on the first count (that he knowingly did nothing while his brother John, also a cleric, engaged in sexual relations with a minor) and six of the members voted to convict him on the second count (that he covered up his brother's sexual misconduct).[48] Both the Most Reverend Katherine Jefferts Schori, the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, and the standing committee of the diocese asked for his permanent deposition from holy orders and a ban against him having any ministerial function in the Episcopal Church.

On October 3, 2008, the Court for the Trial of a Bishop handed down its sentence, formally deposing Bennison from holy orders. Specifically it stated that "The court finds that even today [Bennison] has not shown that he comprehends the nature, significance and effect of his conduct and has not accepted responsibility and repented for his conduct and the substantial negative effects of that conduct."

Subsequent motions, successful appeal, and reinstatement

Bennison later filed a motion seeking a reduction of his sentence, but in February 2009 the court upheld its decision to depose Bennison.[49] Subsequently Bennison appealed his conviction to the Court of Review for the Trial of a Bishop, a separate court composed of nine bishops.[50][51]

Meanwhile, on April 17, 2009 Bennison's attorney filed a motion with the Court for the Trial of a Bishop requesting a new trial, citing newly uncovered exculpatory evidence. According to Bennison's attorney, more than 200 letters, written by the then-teenage female to John, were discovered that contradicted witness testimony at the trial. Bennison's attorney asserted that the letters showed that the teenage girl actively tried to cover up her relationship with John, leaving Charles Bennison unaware of the situation and therefore unable to take appropriate action.[52] On September 24, 2009, the Court for the Trial of a Bishop denied the motion for a new trial.[53]

Following the denial of a new trial, Bennison then pursued his appeal to the Court of Review for the Trial of a Bishop, which heard his case in Wilmington, Delaware on May 4, 2010. The basis for the appeal was a statute of limitation provision that had been in effect before a Presentment charge had ever been filed against Bishop Bennison. While Bishop Bennison's attorney had repeatedly raised the matter of the limitation statute, the earlier trial court had declined to rule on the issue for unexplained reasons.

On August 4, 2010 the Court of Review reversed the trial court's decision, and Bennison shortly afterward returned as Bishop of Pennsylvania.[54] On September 21, 2010, however, the House of Bishops adopted a strongly worded yet nonbinding resolution urging Bennison to resign.[55]

On October 9, 2012, Bennison announced his retirement as Bishop of Pennsylvania as of December 31, 2012.[56] On January 12, 2013 Clifton D. Daniel, 3d was elected provisional bishop for a period of two years, or until a new diocesan bishop is chosen.[57]

References

  1. ↑ "Upland Rector Joins List of Episcopal Bishop Nominees". Los Angeles Times, December 12, 1987, p. 7.
  2. ↑ Bennison, Charles E. Letter to Maggie Thompson. 29 September 1992.
  3. ↑ . This is a program of the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation.
  4. ↑ Fr. Vernon Austin, St Johns, Norristown; Fr. Robert Haskell, Redemption, Southampton; Fr. Harry Krauss, All Saints, Wynnewood; Fr. Philip Lyman, St. John, Huntingdon Valley; Fr. David Moyer, Good Shepherd, Rosemont; Fr. David Ousley, St. James the Less, Philadelphia; Fr. Larry Snyder, St. Luke, Newtown. These parishes are sometimes referred to as the "seven sisters." They were later joined by Fr. Warren Shaw, St Paul, Chester. These eight parishes were associated with the Episcopal Synod of America, the predecessor of Forward in Faith North America.
  5. ↑ Virtue, David. "The Parsons' Plan Revisited." Virtue Online, 1 November 2006.
  6. ↑ Resolution Number 1997-A053. Acts of Convention, 1976-2003. Archives of the Episcopal Church.
  7. ↑ Virtue, David. "Broken Promises." Virtuosity, 11 March 2002.
  8. ↑ Spong, John Shelby. “A Statement in Koinonia.” 25 August 1994.
  9. ↑ Bennison, Charles E. "Rethinking Marriage Again" Anglican Theological Review, Fall 1997.
  10. ↑ Bennison, Charles E. "Rethinking Marriage Again" Anglican Theological Review, Fall 1997.
  11. ↑ Bennison, Charles E. "Rethinking Marriage Again" Anglican Theological Review, Fall 1997.
  12. ↑ Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh. "Deposed Philadelphia Priest celebrated Mass at Trinity Cathedral, Pittsburgh." Anglican Communion News Service, 10 September 2002.
  13. ↑ Bennison, Charles E. "The Challenge of Easter" The Pennsylvania Episcopalian, Vol. 14, No. 4, April 2003.
  14. ↑ Olsen, Ted. "Jesus' Sins?" Christianity Today, 1 June 2003.
  15. ↑ In re: Church of St. James the Less. 953 N.P. 2001. Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, Orphans Court Division. 10 March 2003. pp. 14.
  16. ↑ In re: Church of St James the Less. 953 N.P. 2001. Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, Orphans Court Division. 10 March 2003. pp. 13-16.
  17. ↑ In re: Church of St. James the Less. 953 N.P. 2001. Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, Orphans Court Division. 10 March 2003. pp. 43.
  18. ↑ Appeal of the Church of St. James the Less. 47 E.D. Appeal Docket 2004. Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Eastern District. 29 December 2005.
  19. ↑ "East Falls Church Forced from Property." The Fallser, February 2006.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Donovan, Gill. "Anglican leader offers job to ousted U.S. priest". National Catholic Reporter, September 20, 2002, Vol. 38, Iss. 40, p. 17.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Nunley, Jan. "Deposed Philadelphia priest to join Pittsburgh diocese". Episcopal News Service, September 5, 2002.
  22. ↑ Bennison, Charles E. Letter to David L. Moyer. 1 March 2002.
  23. ↑ "Suspended Priest Will Ask Anglicans for Help". Los Angeles Times, April 6, 2002.
  24. ↑ "Anglican Communion Network Announces Resignation of Fr Moyer as Dean." www.forwardinfaith.com, December 21, 2004. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  25. ↑ Remsen, Jim (17 February 2005). "Rebellious cleric elevated to bishop David Moyer, who broke with the Episcopal Church, was consecrated by a dissident Anglican group". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  26. ↑ Haley, A.S. (30 August 2011). "Judge Orders Removal of Good Shepherd's Rector, Two Vestry". Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  27. ↑ Schjonberg, Mary Frances (October 27, 2008). "Pennsylvania: Bishop Bennison prevails in fraud suit". Episcopal News Service. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Diocesan Digest. "Diocese will enter mediation in dispute with bishop". Episcopal News Service, February 9, 2006.
  29. ↑ Diocesan Digest. "Divisive time requires prayerful discernment, bishop says". Episcopal News Service, March 2, 2006.
  30. ↑ Diocesan Digest. "Standing Committee asks again for bishop's departure". Episcopal News Service, May 4, 2006.
  31. ↑ Verified Complaint in Re: The Right Reverend Charles E. Bennison, Jr. Standing Committee of the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania.
  32. ↑ Schjonberg, Mary Frances. "Standing Committee Files Complaint Against Bennison". Episcopal News Service, November 10, 2006.
  33. ↑ Schjonberg, Mary Frances. "Title IV Review Committee to consider complaint against Bennison". Episcopal News Service, March 29, 2007.
  34. ↑ O'Reilly, David. "Abused Teen's Mother Joins Other Critics of Area Bishop." Philadelphia Inquirer, 5 November 2006.
  35. ↑ Noyes, Dan. "Priest Removed From Church After Sex Scandal". KGO-TV/DT, June 9, 2006.
  36. ↑ Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles: press release, quoted at http://iteamblog.abc7news.com/2006/06/official_word_f.html
  37. ↑ For example, the Rev. Greg Brewer (Rector, Good Samaritan, Paoli) and the vestry of his parish requested that Bennison cancel his November 2006 episcopal visitation in partial response to what Brewer called "Recent revelations that Bishop Bennison not only hid, but misrepresented the truth with regard to his brother's sexual abuse of parishioners, and the Bishop's role in the cover up of these facts." cf. Brewer, Greg. “Letter to the congregation concerning Bishop Bennison's visit.” 11 November 2006.
  38. ↑ O'Reilly, David. "The Episcopal Bishop Failed to Report Abuse". Philadelphia Inquirer, November 1, 2006.
  39. ↑ Associated Press. "Bishop Sends E-Mail Apologizing for Handling of Brother's Case." International Herald Tribune, 1 November 2006.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 O'Reilly, David. "Episcopal Bishop Charles E. Bennison Jr. Is under Fire over His Brother's Misconduct". Philadelphia Inquirer, October 29, 2006.
  41. ↑ Bennison, Charles E. Letter to Maggie Thompson 16 April 1979.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Bennison, Charles E., Jr. "A Church for Others". Address to the 223rd Meeting of the Convention of the Diocese of Pennsylvania, November 11, 2006.
  43. ↑ At least four clergy called for Bennison's resignation during the diocesan convention: The Rev. Judith Beck (Rector, St Peters, Philadelphia), the Rev. Pamela Nesbitt (Deacon, St Andrews, Yardley), the Rev. Marek Zabriskie (Rector, St Thomas, Whitemarsh), and the Rev. Sunny Hallahan (Rector, St James, Collegeville). cf. O'Reilly, David. "Episcopal Bishop Hears Some Call for Him to Resign: Delegates Were Angry over Charles E. Bennison Jr.'s Spending and Cover-Up of His Brother's Sex Abuse." Philadelphia Inquirer, 12 November 2006.
  44. ↑ O'Reilly, David. "Episcopal Bishop Hears Some Call for Him to Resign: Delegates Were Angry over Charles E. Bennison Jr.'s Spending and Cover-Up of His Brother's Sex Abuse". Philadelphia Inquirer, November 12, 2006.
  45. ↑ LeBlanc, Douglas, and Steve Waring. "Bishop Bennison Survives Calls for His Resignation". Living Church Foundation, November 15, 2006.
  46. ↑ Before the Court for the Trial of a Bishop: In the Matter of the Presentment Against The Right Reverend Charles E. Bennison, Jr.
  47. ↑ Schjonberg, Mary Frances. "Pennsylvania bishop inhibited from ordained ministry." Episcopal News Service, 31 October 2007.
  48. ↑ Schjonberg, Mary Frances. "Bennison convicted of conduct unbecoming a clergy member: Court for the Trial of a Bishop issues two-count judgment". Episcopal Life Online. (www.episcopal-life.org) 26 June 2008. Accessed 19 May 2009.
  49. ↑ Loviglio, Joann. "Episcopal Church upholds ouster of Bennison". Associated Press. 4 Feb 2009. (Accessed 19 May 2009).
  50. ↑ Schjonberg, Mary Frances. "PENNSYLVANIA: Bishop Bennison wants new trial or charges dismissed." Episcopal Life Online. (www.episcopal-life.org) 28 Apr 2009. Accessed 19 May 2009.
  51. ↑ O'Reilly, David. "Suspended Episcopal bishop to have last chance in May." Philadelphia Inquirer. 19 Mar 2010
  52. ↑ Associated Press. "Citing letters, defrocked bishop asks for new trial". Philadelphia Inquirer. 28 Apr 2009. Accessed 17 May 2009.
  53. ↑ "Ecclesiastical trial court denies bishop's request for dismissal of charges or new trial" Episcopal Life (25 September 2009)
  54. ↑ Bennison v. Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America (Court of Review for the Trial of a Bishop) (July 28, 2010)
  55. ↑ Bennison Resolution (The Episcopal Church Office of Public Affairs)
  56. ↑ Episcopal Digital Network
  57. ↑ Episcopal Digital Network

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