Cephalosporium gramineum
| Hymenula cerealis | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Phylum: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Ascomycetes |
| Subclass: | Incertae sedis |
| Order: | Incertae sedis |
| Family: | Incertae sedis |
| Genus: | Hymenula |
| Species: | H. cerealis |
| Binomial name | |
| Hymenula cerealis Ellis & Everh., (1894) | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Cephalosporium gramineum Nisik. & Ikata, (1934) | |
Cephalosporium gramineum or Hymenula cerealis is a plant pathogen that causes Cephalosporium Stripe of Wheat and other grasses. It was first reported in Japan in 1930.[1] The disease can cause yield losses of up to 50% by causing death of tillers and reducing seed production and seed size.[1] The disease causes broad yellow or brown stripes along the length of the leaf and discolouration of the leaf veins.[1] The fungus spreads through the soil, and enters the plant through wounds in its roots.[1] Early planting of winter wheat when the soil is warm gives a greater root system more subject to root breakage when the soil heaves affording more infection sites. Phosphate fertilizer and high moisture further exacerbates this condition.[2][3] The symptoms are caused by the fungus invading the plants' vascular tissue.[4] The fungus also produces a toxin which causes stunting of the plant and interferes with development.[5] A glucopolysaccharide also appears to inhibit fluid movement in wheat.[6]
There is very little natural resistance to the disease in wheat. Control measures include crop rotation for 2–3 years in areas where the disease has become a particular problem.[1][4] Currently there are no options for controlling the disease through the use of fungicides.[5]
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Lipps, Patrick. "Cephalosporium Stripe of Wheat". The Ohio State University. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
- ↑ Pool & Sharp, Phytopahology: 57:1008 (1966)
- ↑ Pool & Sharp; Plant Disease Reporter 53(11):898 (1969)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Maloy, Otis; Inglis, Debra (2000). "Cephalosporium Stripe". Washington State University. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Karrow, R.S.; Powelson, R.L. and Koepsell, P.A. (1993). "Cephalosporium Stripe". Oregon State University. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
- ↑ Pool, R.A.F. & Sharp, E.L., Phytopahtology:59(11),1763 (1969)