Central vowel
A central vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a central vowel is that the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel. The central vowels which have dedicated symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet are:
- close central unrounded vowel [ɨ]
- close central rounded vowel [ʉ]
- close-mid central unrounded vowel [ɘ] (older publications may use [ë] instead)
- close-mid central rounded vowel [ɵ] (older publications may use [ö] instead)
- mid central vowel without specified rounding [ə] (usually used for an unrounded vowel)
- open-mid central unrounded vowel [ɜ] (older publications may use [ɛ̈] instead)
- open-mid central rounded vowel [ɞ] (older publications may use [ɔ̈] instead)
- near-open central vowel without specified rounding [ɐ] (usually used for an unrounded vowel)
There also are central vowels which don't have dedicated symbols in the IPA:
- near-close central unrounded vowel [ɪ̈], [ɨ̞] or [ɘ̝] (unofficial symbol: [ᵻ])
- near-close central rounded vowel [ʊ̈], [ʏ̈], [ʉ̞] or [ɵ̝] (unofficial symbol: [ᵿ])
- mid central unrounded vowel [ɘ̞] or [ɜ̝] (commonly written [ə])
- mid central rounded vowel [ɵ̞] or [ɞ̝] (commonly written [ɵ], i.e. as if it were close-mid)
- near-open central unrounded vowel [ɜ̞] (commonly written [ɐ])
- near-open central rounded vowel [ɞ̞] (may be written [œ], i.e. as if it were front open-mid)
- open central unrounded vowel [ä] (also unofficial [a] but most frequent usage)
- open central rounded vowel [ɶ̈], [ɶ̠], [ɒ̈] or [ɒ̟]
|