Carmen Contreras-Bozak

Carmen Contreras-Bozak

Tech4 Carmen Contreras-Bozak
First Hispanic to serve in the U.S. Women's Army Corps
Born December 31, 1919
Cayey, Puerto Rico
Allegiance  United States Women's Army Auxiliary Corps
Years of service 1942-1945
Rank
Technician Fourth Grade
(Tech4)
Unit 149th WAAC Post Headquarters Company
Battles/wars World War II
Awards European-African Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with 2 Battle Stars
Other work Founder - chapter of WAC Vets
Founder - chapter of the Society
 of Military Widows

Tech4 Carmen Contreras-Bozak,[note 1](born December 31, 1919) was the first Hispanic to serve in the U.S. Women's Army Corps (WAC) where she served as an interpreter and in numerous administrative positions.[1]

Early years

Born Carmen Contreras in 1919, she was the oldest of three siblings. She was born and raised in the town of Cayey, Puerto Rico, located in the central mountains of the island, where she attended elementary school.[2]

Her mother, Lila Baudilia Lugo Torres, moved the family to New York City in search of a better way of life. In New York, Contreras attended Julia Richman High School and, upon graduation, worked for the National Youth Administration. After taking and passing a Civil Service test, Contreras worked for the War Department in Washington, D.C. as a payroll clerk.[1]

World War II

The Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) was established during World War II on May 15, 1942, "for the purpose of making available to the national defense the knowledge, skill, and special training of the women of the nation."[1] During this period, the Army was looking for bilingual Hispanic women to fill assignments in fields such as cryptology, communications and interpretation. In 1942, Contreras joined the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) and was sent to Fort Lee, Virginia for training. Contreras volunteered to be part of the 149th WAAC Post Headquarters Company the first to go overseas, setting sail from New York Harbor for Europe on January 1943.

The unit arrived in Northern Africa on January 27, 1943 and rendered overseas duties in Algiers, in General Dwight D. Eisenhower’s theatre headquarters. The women who served abroad were not treated like the regular Army servicemen. They did not receive overseas payment nor could they receive government life insurance. These women had no protection if they became ill, wounded or captured. If captured, the women were considered as "auxiliaries" serving with the Army rather than in it, and did not have the same protections under international law as the male soldiers. These were factors which the Army took into consideration when they decided to integrate the Women’s Corps into the regular Army.[2] On July 3, 1943, the WAC bill, which established the Women’s Army Corps as integral part of the Army of the United States, was signed into law (Public Law 78-110) becoming effective on September 1, 1943.[2]

Contreras was promoted to the rank of Tech 4 (Technical Sergeant) which, in today's Army, would equal the rank of Sergeant (E-4). Her responsibilities included the transmission of encoded messages to the battlefield.[1] After returning home, Contreras entered Valley Forge General Hospital on July 1945, for treatment of an eye infection which she had contracted in Algiers. There she met Theodore Bozak, a patient who would become her husband. Carmen Contreras-Bozak and Theodore Bozak had three children, two sons, Brian and Robert, and a daughter, Carmen.[1]

Later years

Contreras-Bozak lived for many years in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. There she started a chapter of WAC Vets and in 1998 founded a chapter of the Society of Military Widows. She now resides in Tampa, FL. Approximately 200 Puerto Rican women served in the Women’s Army Corps during World War II.[1]

Awards and decorations

Among Tech4 Carmen Contreras-Bozak's military decorations were the following:

 
Bronze star
Bronze star
Army Good Conduct Medal Women's Army Corps Service Medal
American Campaign Medal European-African Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with two bronze stars World War II Victory Medal

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This name uses Spanish marriage naming customs; the first is the maiden family name "Contreras" and the second or matrimonial family name is "Bozak".

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Young woman's life defined by service in Women's Army Corp
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Women in Military Service for America

Further reading

External links