Carlavirus

Carlavirus
Virus classification
Group: Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Order: Tymovirales
Family: Betaflexiviridae
Genus: Carlavirus
Type species
Carnation latent virus

Carlavirus, also known as the "Carnation latent virus group", is a genus of virus that infects plants (plant pathogens), in the Betaflexiviridae family of single-stranded positive sense RNA plant viruses.

Description

Carlavirus is described in the 9th report of the ICTV (2009).[1] The genus is characterised by having six ORFs (Open Reading Frames) including a TGB (Triple Gene Block). The viruses are transmitted by insects.

Taxonomy

The genus was first proposed in the first report of the ICTV in 1971, as the 'Carnation latent virus group' but was renamed in 1975 as the 'Carlavirus Group', and as the genus Carlavirus in 1995 (6th report). In 2005 (8th report) it was placed in the Flexiviridae family, having previously been unassigned.[2] The current position in the 9th report (2009) as a genus of the Betaflexiviridae family derives from the subsequent subdivision of Flexiviridae.

As of the 2013 release of the ICTV database, there are currently 52 virus species included in this genus.[3] The type species is the Carnation latent virus.

Species:

Virology

The virions are non enveloped, filamentous, 610–700 nanometers (nm) and 12–15 nm in diameter.

The linear 5.8–9 kilobase genome is positive sense, single-stranded RNA. The 3’ terminus is polyadenylated. In some species the 5’ end is capped. The genome encodes 3 to 6 proteins including a coat protein located at the 3' end and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase located at the 5' end of the genome.

Transmission

Infection is at times spread by aphids in a semi-persistent mode, that is, the vector is infective for a number of hours.(Pimentel) Some species are transmitted by Bemisia tabaci in a semi-persistent mode or through the seed.[4] Most species infect only a few hosts and cause infections with few or no symptoms, for example, American hop latent virus and lily symptomless virus. Some, such as blueberry scorch virus and poplar mosaic virus, cause serious illnesses. (Foster)

References

  1. ↑ King 2012.
  2. ↑ Adams, M. J.; Antoniw, J. F.; Bar-Joseph, M.; Brunt, A. A.; Candresse, T.; Foster, G. D.; Martelli, G. P.; Milne, R. G.; Fauquet, C. M. (2 May 2004). "Virology Division News: The new plant virus family Flexiviridae and assessment of molecular criteria for species demarcation". Archives of Virology 149 (5): 1045–60. doi:10.1007/s00705-004-0304-0. PMID 15098118. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  3. ↑ ICTV Virus Taxonomy: 2013 Release
  4. ↑ Astier S. Principles of Plant Virology p78

Bibliography

External links