Carey (surname)

Carey is a surname arising from: 1) up to seven distinct patronymics in Ireland, one of which is Ó Ciardha;[1] 2) a habitational/river name found in Somerset and Devon, also as Cary;[2] 3) a variant of Carrey, from a habitational name in Normandy[3] and Burgundy;[4] 4) a variant of Carew, a habitational name in Dyfed, Wales and cognate or similar local names in Cornwall .[5]

Origins

Carey is the remains of a number of Irish surnames, and is numerous:[6] notably those containing the Old Irish adjective 'ciar'- 'black/dark', namely Ó Ciardha (County Kildare, County Westmeath & 'many parts of the south of Ireland'),[7] Ó Ciaráin/Ó Céirín (the latter the more common form,[8] County Cork, County Clare, County Mayo), Ó Cearáin (County Mayo) and Mac Giolla Céire (County Cork, County Kilkenny);[9][10] also from the County Galway and County Meath surname Mac Fhiachra, through its early phonetic anglicisations of Keighry, Kehery & c.;[11][12] and from Ó Carráin/Ó Corráin (County Tipperary), with the Irish root 'carra/corra'- 'spear';[13] to this list we may add MacFhearadhaigh (MacCarry/MacCary), root 'fear'-'man', of County Antrim.[14]Woulfe adds others.[15] Secondly, it may derive from the English West Country, viz. Castle Cary on the River Cary in Somerset and/or Carey Barton on the River Carey in Devon, containing either the Pre-Celtic element 'kar'- 'stony/hard' (Watts, 2004),[16] or the Celtic language element 'car' 'dear/pleasant' (Hanks, 2003);[17] and perhaps also the cognate (Watts, 2004) stream and hamlet of Carey in Herefordshire. Thirdly, Carey occurs as an occasional variant of (de) Carrey in archives in Normandy, Burgundy, Franche-Comté etc., in France[18][19][20] and may be from habitational names, possibly with the aforementioned Pre-Celtic element 'car'-'stone/stony';[21] the Carey name in Guernsey, Channel Islands, is most likely derived from the Manoir Carrey in Lisieux, Calvados.[22] Fourthly, Carew, Pembrokeshire, from Welsh language 'Caeriw'- with the Celtic root 'caer'- 'fort', may be the source of some bearers of the name (also there are places in Cornwall, with the cognate element 'ker/car', Cornish language- 'fort'):[23]Although Cornish Car(e)y may be through locations with the Pre-Celtic root 'kar/car'- 'stone/stony'.[24][25] For a further tentative Welsh origin see Watts' derivation (2004, op. cit.) of 'Kerry's Gate' in Herefordshire, viz: 'Carey's Gate 1831...Surname Carey (W[elsh] Ceri, Kerry) + ModE gate': Ceri was the name of medieval 'commotes' in Powys and Monmouthshire.

The Irish provenance of Carey, through emigration, is not only particularly evident in the U.S.A. and Australia, but also in Great Britain. The first two entries under 'Carey' in the 'Dictionary of American Family Names' (Oxford, 2003) gives Irish origins;[26] the New York Passengers List (1820-1957) show 2,058 Carey immigrants from Ireland compared with 345 from England.[27] Current British telephone directories show highest numbers of Careys located in areas of Irish immigration: Greater London (320), Greater Manchester & Lancashire (272), Kent (163), West Yorkshire (145) and West Midlands (145).[28]

Meanings:

  1. Ó Ciardha, as well as Ó Ciaráin, Ó Céirín, Ó Cearáin (three variants of the same name) and Mac Giolla Céire, has the Old Irish root 'ciar/céir'- 'black' or 'dark'.[29] Mac Fhiachra, the 'f' is lenited, has intermediate forms Keighry, Kehery etc. 'which have been absorbed by Carey'.[30] The root is 'fiachra', meaning possibly 'battle-king'.[31] MacLysaght (M.I.F. 1982) writes: 'the Co. Galway sept of Mac Fhiachra survives in considerable numbers, under the alias of Carey'.[32] McCeary and McCary appear on the 19th-century Cork & Ross Catholic Parish Registers. Ó Carráin/Ó Corráin, according to Woulfe, is from root 'carra/corra' meaning 'spear', which also forms the names Ó Corra[idh] & Ó Carra[idh], anciently Ó Cairre.[33] Ua Cairre of Ulster appears in the Annals of Loch Ce in 1095, although MacLysaght thought this name had become Carr rather than Carey.[34] For Mac Fhearadhaigh, the 'f' is lenited, Woulfe gives the root 'fearadhaigh' or 'manly'.[35] Ó Ciardha is usually viewed as the majority source of Carey: 'The majority of the numerous families called Carey belong to the O Ciardha sept of the southern Ui Néill', Edward MacLysaght (M.I.F. 1982).[36] Hanks (Oxford, 2003) gives Ó Ciardha and Mac Fhiachra as the first two origins of Carey.[37]
  2. Of disputed origin, 'Kari (AD 725) is the earliest recorded form of the Somerset river; and 'Kari' (AD 1238) of the Devon river.[38] Watts (op. cit. 2004) gives the rivers' derivation as 'hard/stone/stony' from Old European hydronymy root 'kar', and identically for the Herefordshire stream ('Cari', 1162);[39] Eckwall (1964) gives 'pleasant [stream]' from Celtic language root 'car' i.e. 'to love'.[40] The Somerset/Devon names are given as the third origin of Carey by Hanks (op.cit. 2003).
  3. Carey appears to be an orthographic variant of (de) Carrey from the early 16th century.[41][42] It is unlikely that le Carré, a nickname meaning 'stocky', is relevant for these families, which are prefixed by 'de' ('of') and are thus habitational names. There are communes/hamlets in several parts of France named Carry, Cary etc. with a possible origin in Pre-Celtic 'car/kar', meaning 'stone/stony (feature, locality) etc.:[43] There is a Manoir Carrey near Lisieux in Calvados, a Manoir Cary de Potet in Chalon-sur-Saône and Carry-le-Rouet in the Bouches-du-Rhône. The variant Cary is found mostly in Nord (French department).[44] Hanks (op. cit. 2003) gives the Norman habitation name de Carrey as the fourth origin of Carey.
  4. Carew, Pembrokeshire (Dyfed) is normally derived from 'Caeriw' (Middle Welsh) meaning 'caer' or 'fort', with 2nd element disputed, possibly 'yw'='yew' or 'rhiw'='hill'; the name was adopted by the Cambro-Norman Geraldines, who built a 12th-century castle there. There are also places in Cornwall with the element 'caer' or 'ker' as 'fort/camp/enclosure' e.g. Kerrow, Cairo &c.[45]Hanks (op. cit. 2003) gives Welsh and Cornish Carew as the fifth source of Carey. However, as regards Cornish Car(e)y, Pre-Celtic 'car' (stone/stony) may be the source, as found in several toponyms in Cornwall, e.g. Carey Tor (Bodmin Moor).
  5. 'Ceri', the name of medieval Welsh commotes in Radnorshire and Monmouthshire, is of unknown meaning.[46]
Early recorded examples:

Y-DNA studies

Studies of Y-DNA for Car(e)y at the World Families Network mirror the picture given above.[47] The picture shows that most of the men in the Carey/Cary DNA map belong to the R1b Haplogroup; this is the bedrock of British Isles Y-DNA, and is largely thought to be of paleolithic/neolithic Black Sea origin, via several routes to the Britsh Isles. It is most common in Ireland, the Scottish Highlands, western Wales, the Atlantic fringe of France, the Basque country and Catalonia.[48] Of the 10 Car(e)y possible lineages at the project, three are confirmed from Ireland: one to north-west Ireland with SNP M222, and two belonging, certainly in one case with signifier SNP CTS4466, to Irish Group Two (i.e. 'Southern Irish'). Two lineages are confirmed from England, namely Somerset and Buckinghamshire.

Of the eleven individuals not yet assigned a lineage in the project, five have a confirmed origin in Ireland (one of these is synonymous with Carew) and one in Somerset, England.

There are also six individuals from Haplogroup R1a. R1a is of paleolithic/neolithic origin probably from the Eurasian Steppes; in Europe it is largely of Germanic, Baltic and Slavic provenance.[49]

Evolution in Ireland

The Southern Uí Néill sept of Ó Ciardha was dispersed by the end of the 12th century (Woulfe, MacLysaght, op. cit.) due to the incursions of the Cambro-Norman invaders led by 'Strongbow' Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke and men like Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan and Raymond FitzGerald 'le Gros' de Carew. The Uí Chiardha lands at Carbury in modern Co Kildare, along with the possessions of the three other major septs in that region,[50] were expropriated by the FitzGeralds. Carbury was later settled by the De Berminghams, who built the castle on top of the ancient hill settlement.

This ua Ciardha sept are recorded early, e.g. 'ua Ciardai, ri Cairpri', i.e. O Carey, king of Carbury, in AD 954, Annals of Ulster,[51] 'MaelRuaining hua Ciardha, rí Cairpri', 993, and 'Aodh ua Ciardha, do dalladh dia brathair i d'Ualgharg ua Ciardha' (Aedh was blinded by his brother Ualgarg), 999, Annals of Tigernach.[52] Random examples in 'Tigernach': 'MaelRuanaigh Got ['the stammerer'] Húa Ciardha, dies' in 1046, and 'An Gilla Claen ['the bent lad'] Húa Ciarrdha, rí Cairpri' slain in 1150.

Ó Dubhagáin (d.1372) wrote of 'Ó Ciardha over Cairbre of poets, of the tribes of Nine-hostaged Niall' and Ó hUidhrín (d. 1420) of 'Ó Ciardha of the red-bladed swords'. The Genealogies of Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh (c 1400) mentions them: 'O Ciarda obtained heavy profit of the land of Cairbre'. They seem to re-appear in 17th-century records for County Meath, County Westmeath, County Offaly and County Tipperary (see below). O' Donovan writes in his notes to the above 'Topographical poems of Ó Dubhagáin and Ó hUidhrín', (1862): 'O Ciardha is now anglicised Keary and Carey, and the name is common, but to be found only among the lower orders' (note 379). On the Ó hUidhrín poem, O'Donovan writes (note 447): 'Ó Ciardha, now anglicised Keary and Carey, a rather numerous name in the counties of Meath and Kildare'.[53]

However, this epithet type surname from 'ciar'-'dark/black' is common and widespread in Ireland and has arisen independently in other parts of the country, notably in Cos Cork, Kerry and Mayo, including diminutive forms such as Ó Ciaráin, Ó Céirín and Ó Cearáin. For example, in the Annals of Ulster in 1224 we find 'Mathgamain mac Ceithernaigh h-Ui Ceirín, rí Ciaraidhe Lacha na Nairne, mortuus est'.[54] Early anglicised examples are found in those counties; and these Carey families would not belong to the well known midland Uí Néill sept of Ó Ciar(dh)a. For example, the East Cork family anciently using the form Ó Ciaráin would account for many bearers of the name Carey with origins in East Cork and the adjacent parts of Waterford, whereas the West Cork Careys may well have arisen separately, but having the same etymological source in the adjective/attribute 'ciar', which occurs anciently as 'cer'.[55]

Some examples from the Fiants[56] (mostly in receipt of 'pardons' for 'rebellion'): Dermot M'Donoghe O' Cary, 'gent, lord and captain' of Duhallow, North West Co Cork, 1561; Maurice Kerry, County Wexford, 1561; Patrick O' Kearine, East Cork, 1570; James Cary, County Meath, 1582; O' Kearane, County Cork, 1599; Margery Ny Kerrye, County Cork, 1600; William O'Carie of County Longford, 1602; Donnell O' Kearyne, South East Cork, 1602; O' Keryne, County Clare, several 1600s. A number of bearers occur in the '1641 Depositions', notably in Co Mayo, e.g. Cormac Cary and Co Westmeath, e.g. Laughlin Ó Cary.[57] Also in the Calendar of State Papers e.g. John Kearie & Katherin Kery, County Limerick, 1653 are 'transported'.[58]

In King James 11's Irish Army, 1688-90 (v. Williamite War in Ireland) is Thomas Carey (alias Keary in French records), Ensign, Barrett's Regiment, Co Cork.[59] There is also listed in French records an Ensign Kery in Creagh's Regiment.[60]

Regarding the above forms, Gaelic names would have been 1) simplified over time in local speech, and 2) spelt phonetically by English 17th-century officials, who would also have assimilated them to British models where available. There are common Irish names whose anglicised forms coincide with rarer British names, e.g. Brady, (Mac Brádaigh) Boyle (Ó Baoighill), Car(e)y (Ó Ciardha, Ó Cearáin etc.), Conway (Mac Connmhaigh, Mac Conmidhe etc.), Delan(e)y (Ó Dubhshláine), Healy (Ó hÉalaighthe, Ó hÉilidhe), Kelly (Ó Ceallaigh), Kenny (Ó Cionaoith), Trac(e)y (Ó Treasaigh) etc. etc.; a few British officials/settlers with such names were in Ireland in the 17th century.

By the mid-17th century, records taken by the Cromwellian official Sir William Petty, known as the1659 Census,[61] shows 'Cary' as a 'Principal Irish Name' in County Meath and County Offaly, 'McCarey/McCarrey' as a Principal Irish Name in County Westmeath and 'Kegry' also in the same county. Three 'tituladoes', or owners of land, of the name are recorded in the 1659 Census for Co Cork: one native Irish, William Cary in Kilbrittain, West Cork, head of an extensive 'family' of 23; one of possibly Norman origin, Theophilus Cary (also 'Carew' in the 'Census') sheriff of Cork, just west of Cork city in modern Ballincollig in Barretts Barony; and one English, Capt. Peter Cary, (also 'Carew' in the 'Census') a Cromwellian soldier, purchaser of a considerable estate in North East Cork.[62] This last family, of 'Careysville' near Fermoy, claimed to be of Devonshire origin, and died out in the male line in the late 19th century.[63]

A number of native forms appears in the Hearth Money Rolls for Co Tipperary in 1664/5/7. These native householders would have been the progenitors of the numerous Carey families recorded in Tipperary in the 1850s (Griffith's 'Primary Valuation'). Examples in 1664 in South Tipperary: Patrick McCarda, Michael Carrig, Thomas Carry, John Cary, Wm Cary, Connor Cary, William Cary, Graine Carhe, John McCarragh, Morrish Carragh, Daniell Kyary, David Keary etc.; and in North Tipperary: Donnogh O' Chara, Derby Carragh, Rory McCarry, Matthew Carry, Unny Carrigh, Unny Carey and so forth.[64] In the 1661 Poll Money Book for Clonmel, is Teige Cary, a 'gunstocker'.[65]

Also in the Rolls are Donnogh Cory and Daniell Corry in South Tipperary and Daniel Cory and Phillip Coary in the North.

There are 'Carews' in the 1664 Tipperary Rolls such as Piers Corow and Teige Carrow in Iffa & Offa Barony, and Connell Carew of Cashel. The use of Gaelic first names was restricted to the Gaelic Irish in the 17th century, so these Carews would not be Normans (true Carews are 12th-century Normans). Norman families, even at this time, adhered steadfastly to 'European' biblical names, such as John, Phillip etc. and eschewed Gaelic first names; conversely, however, many Gaelic Irish families were happy to use imported 'Norman' first names.[66]

In the 1659 'Census' (O) Carrane, Carran etc. occurs throughout Tipperary in large numbers, e.g. in Iffa and Offa Barony 22 householders, in Middlethird 34.[67] Many examples occur on the Hearth Money Rolls also. Examples: Teige O' Carrane, Clanwilliam, Edmond Carrane, Middlethird etc.

The Religious Census of 1766 for Co Tipperary has many entries for Car(e)y, all of whom are native 'Papists': e.g. John & Cornelius Cary, Clonoulty; Thomas Keary, Kilfeacle; Daniel Keary, Killea; Laughlin Carey and four other Careys, Cahir; John Carey/Keary, Lattin; Darby plus three other Carys, Soloheadmore etc.; Edm Keary, Templenoe etc. There are several Carews, also 'Papists', in Cloneen, Toom and Fethard.[68]

Throughout this period and the following centuries, as noted by the Registrar General, R. E. Matheson in his report of 1901, surnames in Ireland had become altered in form by regional dialects and pronunciation, the anomalies of anglicisation and the effects of illiteracy, so as to occur in a bewildering variety of forms, even within the same families.[69] Alongside this is the process of simplification already mentioned, reinforced by the mutation of the Irish form into English letters, e.g. the 'y' ending in English replacing 'aigh', 'aidh', 'dha' and even 'n' endings, 'áin, ín' etc. cf. 'Tipperary' and Irish original 'Tiobrad Árann'.

Plus there are traps for the unwary: Carew, which in Carlow/Wexford is a Cambro-Norman name borne by 12th-century invaders, in Tipperary is not Norman at all, but an anglicisation of the indigenous Ó Carráin/Ó Corráin. The O Carranes of Mobernan, Tipperary always used the form Carew from the late 16th century.[70] The Court of Claims in Ireland, 15 July 1663, has a request for return of Mobernan lands in Tipperary forfeited by 'Teige Carrue alias O Carron'.[71] His ancestor appears in the 'Fiants': Donald O Carrane of Mobernayne, 1586. Another member of this family, Conor Carew of Mobarnan, was a representative at the Catholic Confederation of Kilkenny, 1642. Brothers, priest Thomas Carue (d. 1672), who appears also as 'Thomas Carve/Carue/Ó Corráin' in the Oxford DNB, and royalist soldier Sir Ross Carey (as such on his wife's memorial -a niece of the Earl of Clarendon- of 1660 in Westminster Abbey), are of this family also.

Further regarding Ó Carráin and Ó Corráin, in Valentia Island, Co Kerry the surnames 'Currane' and 'Carey' were recorded as synonyms in 19th-century birth registers.[72]

Carey and Carew occur synonymously in the 19th-century registration records of Cos Tipperary and Offaly, and elsewhere;[73] one may see this on the 19th-century Catholic Parish Registers of Powerstown (South Tipperary) and Kilcommon (North Tipperary) where the same families utilised Carey, Keary, Ceary and Carew; and judging by the multiplicity of anglicised forms quoted above from the 17th-century Hearth Money Rolls, these are all mere spelling variants of more than one native Irish patronymic.

By the time of the 'Primary Valuation (1847–64)' of Richard Griffith, County Tipperary had the most Carey households (239) followed by County Cork (177), County Limerick (108), County Dublin (94) and County Mayo (81), out of a total of Carey households in Ireland of 1,308. The Cary spelling occurs mostly in Westmeath (11) and Donegal (11), with a total of 33. For Keary: most in Tipperary (11), Dublin (8) and Westmeath (7) with a total of 64.[74] All these forms are variants, with Carey becoming the most frequent mid to late 1800s.[75]

The Donegal picture is somewhat more complex as may be seen from Griffith's 'Valuation': there are 31 Carey + 11 Cary entries (most of the latter are reducible to merely two landlord Carys, holding property 'in fee').[76] Many Careys are in the parishes of Moville and Donagh in Inishowen Barony; this is the area that planter Carys from Devon settled at the end of the 16th century (v. the two above landlords, George and Arthur Cary). In the 1901 Census records there is a family (8 persons) of 'Church of Ireland' Careys in Donagh parish, whereas others of the name in adjacent baronies clearly appear to be natives: e.g. Patrick and Michael Carey in Banagh Barony. It should be borne in mind, however, that some apparently protestant settler families are actually native converts: there are examples of Gaelic names on 17th century lists of Protestants.[77]

A conservative approximate total number of bearers in the 1850s may be got by multiplying the total households by an average per household of 4 (a minimal figure given the size of families then), giving 5, 364 (this figure not including other variants like Keary). Birth figures for the year 1890, from the Registrar General's 'Special Report...' (1894) were 118, of which 59 were in Munster, 36 Leinster, 13 Connacht and 10 Ulster. Principal counties were Cork, Dublin, Tipperary, Mayo & Kerry.[78] Similarly, by multiplying the total of 118 by the average birthrate for 1890 which is 1 in 44.8, gives 5, 286. Many bearers of the name would have been part of the intense emigration from Ireland in the years following the Great Famine (Ireland) (1845–52).

Evolution in England and Wales

The name Car(e)y as found in modern Britain may be Irish, through immigration (see Origins and Irish Immigration into Britain) or may be from one of the following origins.

Car(e)y is a Somerset surname possibly from one of the places therein such as Castle Cary or Lytes Cary, Pre-Celtic or Celtic language Kari/Cari, as the river. It occurs early, e.g. in the Somerset 'Feet of Fines': Philip de Kary (1203), Gunilda de Kary (1235), Peter de Cary (1280). The spelling Cary is still frequent in Somerset, as a look at telephone directories and electoral registers shows.[79]

Car(e)ys are recorded in the Mormon International Genealogical Index in Somerset: Walter Carye, Ansford, 1555,[80] Richard Cary, Pilton, 1559,[81] Jone Carye, Evercreech, 1576.[82]

The 1871 Census reveals 220 (all figures are for surname at birth) Somerset born Carey (e.g. Clevedon, Nailsea, St George, Bath & Bristol), 110 Cary (e.g. Bruton, Castle Cary, Shepton Mallet) and 29 Carry, indicating this county as the main provenance of indigenous English Car(e)y;[83] bearing in mind that 'some towns—especially London, Bristol, Whitehaven—had a population of Irish traders as early as the 1650s',[84] and thus a certain percentage of the Careys in, for example, Bristol in 1871 would likely be of Irish stock: one Carey household in the 1871 Census in Kingweston, Somerset, where the parents were Irish born, had 9 children.[85]

Car(e)y is also a Devonshire name, possibly from the place in Devon on the River Carey, just east of Launceston, recorded as 'Kari' (Pre-Celtic or Celtic language) in the Domesday Book (1086).[86] An early bearer of the name, Sanson de Cari, held lands in Buckland in Devon in 1197 (Devon Feet of Fines, No. 4). The Mormon I.G.I has entries for Car(e)y in Devon (records begin in 1538): e.g. Henry Cary, Knowstone, 1553,[87] William Carey, Woodbury, 1560,[88] Nicholas Cary, Honiton, 1571.[89]

The 1871 Census shows, born in Devon, 54 Carey, (Devonport, Paignton, Stonehouse), 14 Cary, (e.g. in St Mary's Church, Exeter) and 14 Carry (also Carrey, Ker(r) y) .[90] 8 Careys of Irish birth appear in the 1881 Census in Devon, mainly Devonport.[91]

The Devonshire Cary family of Cockington and Clovelly[92] recorded their eponymous ancestor in the 1564 'Visitation of Devon' as 'John Cary of Cary'.[93] A descendant, William Carey (courtier) of Chilton Foliat, Wiltshire (a cousin of Henry VIII through his Beaufort grandmother)[94] married Mary Boleyn, Queen Anne's sister, in 1520. Titles followed: Baron Hunsdon, Earl of Monmouth, Earl of Dover, Viscount Falkland et al. all of which are extinct, saving Falkland.[95] The Cockington and Hunsdon Car(e)ys were Catholics and Jacobites. The Cockington Carys (of Torre Abbey from 1662) became extinct in 1916.[96] For the most part, 'Cary' remained the standard spelling for this branch of the family, whereas the Barons Hunsdon/Earls of Dover (ext. 1765) normally used 'Carey'.

Car(e)y is also a surname in Cornwall[97] for which there are several possible derivations, which must also apply to the adjacent county of Devon : 1) one of several places in Cornwall with the Brythonic element 'car/caer'-'fort/enclosure', such as Kerrow, Cairo (there exist many antique site 'Caer' type names as in 'Caer Kief') - a source also of the Carew surname;[98] 2) a local topographical name from root Pre-Celtic 'kar' viz. 'stone/stony' as in Carey Tor in Bodmin Moor; 3) Car(e)y (river) of St. Giles-in-the-Heath, West Devon; 4) Carew of Pembrokeshire (also from root 'caer'-'fort') the Cambro-Norman surname.

The Mormon I.G.I. for Cornwall records several Carey births; some early ones: John Cari, St Just, 1550,[99] Ede Cary, St Just, 1556,[100] Edvardus Careye, St. Ewe, 1605,[101] Cary is also found in records in Brittany (e.g. Ille-et-Vilaine).[102] The surname 'Care' is also well established in the St Ives area of Cornwall,[103] and is likewise found in Finistère in Brittany (prn Caré).[104]

In the 1871 Census, listed as Cornish born are 10 Carey (St Austell, Mylor etc.), 26 Cary (Penzance, St. Austell, Launceston etc.) and 8 Carry.[105]

Some British Careys may be, as the Careys of Guernsey in the Channel Islands, of Norman French or Breton origin (see Evolution in France); there must be some competition with the possible West Country origins even in those counties, bearing in mind the historical contacts between that area of England, the Channel islands and Normandy.[106] As early as 1150-61 one Geoffrey de Kari is mentioned in the Norman rolls held in Calvados, as giving land to the monks near Bruton, Somerset; the other donors mentioned have Norman names: de Cantelu, de Carevilla & c.[107]

On the subject of the Pembrokeshire Cambro-Norman Carew, families are said to have settled at Crowcombe, Somerset and Haccombe, Devon, from where they spread to Antony, East Cornwall.[108][109] Carewe occurs in the records at Crowcombe, e.g. in 1606.[110] Carews also occur in Devon e.g. Barbara Carewe, Teignhead, 1553.[111] Carew births occur in the records for Cornwall, e.g. Richard Carew, Newlynn, 1580,[112] Matheus Carew, St. Ewe, 1607,[113] Alexander Carew, Antony, 1608.[114] However, Carew is just as likely to be indigenous to Cornwall as to be an import from Pembrokeshire, as claimed by the 'Antony' Carews. In the 1871 Census 56 Carews are listed as born in Somerset, including Crowcombe, and 29 Carews of Devonshire birth: in Bickleigh &c. In the 1871 Census there are 6 Carews listed as born in Cornwall, 4 of them in Antony;[115] The 1871 Census shows Carew also in Kent, Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire.[116]

It is possible that some instances of the surname Car(e)y are from Carew in Dyfed, Wales; one traditional local pronunciation of the castle/village of Carew is, in fact, 'Carey', the other being 'Care-ew';[117] John Marius Wilson's 'Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales' (1870–72) described Carew as: 'Carew, or Carey, a village and a parish in the district and county of Pembroke'.[118] Bannister (op. cit.) stated that the surname Carew is 'pronounced Car'-ew in Ireland; Car-ew' in Devon; Carey in Cornwall and Wales'.

The stream and village of Carey in Herefordshire, of identical etymology to the rivers/places in Somerset and Devon (Watts, op. cit. 2004), may also have given rise to the surname. Transcripts B82/1/7a &b from St Guthlac’s Cartulary refer to Madoc de Cary, also as de Kary, and Seysil de Kary as witnesses in this area in 1237.[119] This area was Welsh speaking until modern times. However, these surnames may refer instead to the nearby possible Welsh origin which follows.

T. J. Morgan & Prys Morgan (Cardiff 1985) cite Ieuan Keri, Treguared Keri, (Merionethshire, L. S. Rolls 1292-3), Griffith Kery (Medieval Rolls, Clun, Salop), Thomas Kery (Montgomeryshire) and Rowland Kery (Glamorgan Hearth Tax, 1671) for the Welsh surname 'Ceri or Kerry'. The authors cite, as the source of these names, medieval commotes (Welsh 'Ceri') in North East Radnorshire, S.E. Monmouthshire and 'Porthceri' in Glamorgan.[120] They do not mention Carey. Watts (op. cit. 2004) nonetheless derives the location 'Carey's Gate' in Herefordshire from this Welsh surname (see Origins).

Irish Immigration into Britain

In respect of the arrival of Irish immigrant Careys, the Mormon International Genealogical Index record of the parish registers of Lincolnshire reveals many Irish surnames from the late 16th and early 17th centuries. There are numerous entries for Car(e)y 1611, Connel 1562, Conoly 1607, Daly 1595, Kell(e)y 1566, Murphy 1627, O'Neale 1612, etc. (more examples below).[121] Most of the entries occur in the fenland parishes of South Lincs. Early bearers have Christian names such as Mary, Joseph, Bridget, and later Abigail, Rebeccah, Samuel... Some early Careys: Francis Carye of Stainfield, 1601,[122] Joanis and Mariae Cary of Hatton, 1673,[123] Bridget and Thomas Carey of Legbourne 1692.[124]

This picture becomes clear when one looks at the overall distribution in Britain: one can see an established pattern of Irish immigration, particularly post 1850s; for example, 50 out of 75 Patrick Careys listed in England in the 1871 Census of England were born in Ireland.[125] The 1871 and 1881 Censuses of England & Wales shows 790 and 800 Careys, respectively, of Irish birth as living in England and Wales; many of these are the heads of families with 5 or 6 children. They appear mainly in London/Middlesex, Lancashire, Yorkshire, Glamorgan, Monmouth, Kent, Northumberland, Cheshire, Oxfordshire, Essex etc.[126]

The 1891 Census of England shows the highest numbers of Carey households in Lancashire & Yorkshire (mainly West Yorks), with 746 and 275 respectively, followed by London (978), then Kent/Surrey/Sussex (866 together), and only then the South West with Somerset (347), Devon (98) and Cornwall (9).[127] In a nutshell, in 1891 Lancashire had more than twice the number of Careys than Somerset. The Lancashire figures are mainly in Manchester and Liverpool.

The 1891 Census of Scotland lists the top two areas for Carey households as Lanarkshire (mainly the Glasgow area, 153) and Angus (mainly Dundee, 78), both areas of high Irish immigration; the 1891 Census for Wales shows 221, almost all in South Wales (Glamorgan, Monmouth etc.) also areas of high Irish immigration[128]

In modern times there are large numbers of Careys in the (former) industrial areas of the Midlands and the North of England, as well, of course, as the London area. There are also numerous Careys in the Glasgow and Cardiff areas; in fact, outside London, Glasgow had the most bearers in any city telephone directory in Britain in 2001/2002.

Evolution in France

Carey, as such, occurs in the records of several French Départements, particularly of Haute-Saône in Franche-Comté (162 entries between 1640 and 1820) and the Côte-d'Or in Burgundy (132 entries between 1586 and 1823).[129] Carrey also occurs in Haute-Saône (398 entries between 1596 and 1900) and Côte-d'Or (238 entries between 1560 and 1889), showing that these forms are orthographic variants or synonyms; Carrey is most frequent in Pyrénées-Atlantiques (463 entries 1622-1928).[130] The form Cary occurs particularly in Nord (French department) (922 entries 1599-1937) and, for example, Ille-et-Vilaine in Brittany (159 entries 1657-1906).[131] Care/Caré is also found in Finistère in Brittany,[132] to name but one department among many.

Carey appears in archives from the early 16th century in, for example, Franche-Comté (Jura, Haute Saône), Burgundy (Côte d'Or, Saône et Loire), Normandy (Calvados, Manche, Eure, Seine-Maritime) and Nord (French department). Examples are: 'Syre Joly dict Carey', b. ante 1475, Pierrot Carey, d. ante 1541, recorded in Montlebon, Franche-Comté;[133] Claude Carey, b. Saône et Loire, Bourgogne, 1590;[134] Laurens Carey, Paris, Île-de-France, 1595;[135] Jehan Carey, Cher, Centre France, c. 1600;[136] Toussaint Carey, Esmiland Carey, Saône et Loire, Bourgogne, 1625;[137] Eglantine Carey, 1600, Côte d'Or, Bourgogne;[138] Mathieu Carey, Calvados, Normandie, 1625;[139] Simon Carey, Rouen-St Denis, Seine-Maritime, Normandie, 1650.[140]Jean Carey of Manche, Normandie died in 1677.[141]

It is clear that most instances of the above are occasional variants of (de) Carrey, for example the Carrey family of Claville, Eure, Normandy for which Carey appears as a variant during the 17th-century. On the register at Houetteville in Eure is a 'Barbe Carré', mother in April, 1671, and recorded as 'Barbe Carey' when she died in November of that year. Another family of Montlebon, Franche-Comté had their name spelt most often in the 16th century as Carey, occasionally also as Quare, then in the following century as Cairey: 'que l'on trouvera le plus souvent orthographié CAREY, puis au siècle suivant CAIREY'.[142] There is a registration of a 'Carey de Cortiamble' family tree in 1729.[143]

The (de) Carreys of Bellemare, near Rouen in Seine-Maritime, Normandy are said in de Saint-Allais' Nobiliare Universel de France, Tome 1, (1814) to be originally an ancient Irish family: 'famille ancienne, d'originaire d'Irlande', (page 37).[144] On the same page is added the statement that 'En l'année 1066, Jean de Carrey était du nombres des nobles qui passerent en Angleterre...comme il est prouvé dans les archives de la chambre de Rouen'.[145] How reliable these statements are is debatable, the Irish origin of the Bellemare Carreys being almost certainly mythical, although it points to the awareness in France in 1814 of the existence of an ancient Carey family, probably that of Ó Ciardha, in Ireland. The arms of a (de) Carrey family appear on the walls of a church in Claville, Eure, Normandy; these arms and the arms of (de) Carrey of Bellemare are quite different from those later adopted by the Guernsey family (see below).

One possible derivation of these names, including Cary, is from places so named in France, such as Carry-le-Rouet in the Bouches-du-Rhône, the Manoir Cary de Potet near Cortiamble in Chalon sur Saone, Saône et Loire, Burgundy and the Manoir Carrey near Lisieux in Calvados, Normandy. Such names can be derived from the Pre-Celtic root 'kar/car', meaning "stone" or "stony".

'Carey' in present-day France has approximately 1,674 bearers, according to one source, and is found mostly, not counting the Paris area, in Charente-Maritime, Bouches-du-Rhône and Rhône (department),[146] and 'Cary', with 911 bearers, is most frequent in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Bouches-du-Rhône and Finistère.[147]'Carrey', with 1,423 bearers, is found mostly in Landes (department), Seine-Maritime and Essonne.[148]

A certain percentage of Careys in Britain may be of Norman-French origin, like the Guernsey Carey family, who claim an origin in Calvados.[149]

The Island of Guernsey

The Guernsey Carey name probably evolved from one of the de Carrey lines of mainland Normandy; records there show that name appearing there also occasionally as 'Carey' (see Evolution in France). The Manoir de Carrey near Lisieux, in Normandy, has been cited by members of the Guernsey Carey family as their own origin.[150] However, several families of (de) Carrey/Carey occur throughout Normandy.

From the 14th century the Guernsey name was commonly spelt Careye; the final -e disappeared from the mid-18th century. This family was long associated with the parish of Saint Martin, Guernsey, the earliest recorded, 1288, Johan Caree, being a "coustomier" (law practitioner) in that parish. In 1371 Jean Careye is recorded as a tenant of the Abbey and Priory of St. Martin's.[151] The Guernsey Careys, unlike their Catholic Cavalier namesakes from Devon, were Calvinists and Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Members of this family rose to high positions in the law and military in recent centuries. Victor Gosselin Carey was Bailiff of Guernsey during World War 11.

In the 1871 Census ten Careys are registered as born in Guernsey and three in Jersey.[152] There were also three Irish-born Careys in Jersey and two in Guernsey, at the same census. The 1881 Census has eight Irish-born Careys resident in Guernsey.[153]

Migration to North America

In the 21st century, by far the largest population of Careys is found in the U.S.A., with some 55,000 individuals.[154] Many American Careys are able to trace their family origins back to Ireland via one of the waves of emigration from there, especially from the time of the Great Famine (Ireland) of 1845-1852. The large numbers of Irish Careys, well attested in the shipping registers, for the most part landing in New York and spreading through the northern states and later westwards, followed the demographics of Irish immigration. Of earlier inception, however, is Mathew Carey (1760-1839), the Irish nationalist who fled his native Dublin to settle in Philadelphia, where he founded a publishing house. More typical is former Governor of New York, Hugh Carey (1919-2011) a leading Irish-American politician descended from a 19th-century County Mayo emigrant. It is possible that the former would be of Ó Ciardha stock, whilst the latter is most probably an Ó Cearáin through his ancestor 'Michael Kirrane'. Several Irish-American examples may be found in the biographical list below.

Some bearers would be of English stock, such as Harry Carey (actor), the silent movie star, descended from a 17th-century English settler in Bridgewater, Massachusetts.[155] Pertinent to which, a Cary family is counted among the First Families of Virginia, with a branch also in Massachusetts, and traces its origins to Bristol in Somerset.[156]

Heraldry Information

Just one family named Cary (excluding for the moment Carew and Carrey) have arms recorded as early as the 16th century, namely the landowning family of Devon: argent, on a bend sable three roses of the field. Crest, a swan proper; [157]they appear in the Heralds' 'Visitation of Devon' in 1564.[158] The blazon was made widely known by two ennobled branches of the same Devon family, viz. Carys, Viscounts Falkland and Careys, Barons Hunsdon/Earls of Dover (extinct 1765).[159][160] The arms of the extant Guernsey Careys, registered late with the Heralds College in 1915, are exactly those of the extinct Hunsdon/Dover Careys.[161] They first used these arms in 1582. No connection has been found between the Devon and Guernsey families, although judging by the Guernsey family's entry in Burke's 'General Armory', 1884, and their former use of such forenames as 'Hunsdon' and 'Mary Boleyn'[162]this appears to have been once an accepted origin myth.

It is worth mentioning two Anglo-Irish families purportedly from Devon, viz. of White Castle, Inishowen, Co Donegal[163]and of Careysville, Blackwater, Co Cork (extinct)[164] who both used these arms, albeit the latter registered very late in 1929. Due to these two Settler families being in Ireland, heraldic firms 'attach' these arms willy-nilly to the quite distinct Gaelic-Irish Carey lineages, a practice not only absurd, since arms are legally inherited only by a descendant of the original grantee, but particularly misleading for the native Irish Careys, who are, judging by the U.S. figures quoted above, probably the majority worldwide.[165] In fact, there are no arms for Carey, Keary, O'Keary, O Ciardha &c recorded at the Genealogical Office (formerly Ulster's Office) in Dublin. Arms for native Irish names are often late, apart from very few who were given 16th century English titles, such as the O'Neills of Tyrone, and those Norman families who used them from medieval times, which is the case with Carew: or, three lions passant sable.

Other arms for Carey in Burke's 'General Armory', (1884)[166] which also appear for O'Carey/Carey in Rooney's 'A Genealogical History of Irish Families...' (1896):[167] are: Gules, a chevron between three lion's heads erased or, on a chief per fesse nebulee argent and azure a pale of the last, charged with a pelican close of the third, vulning her breast of the field. Crest, a wolf passant reguardant per pale argent and gules holding in the mouth a rose branch flowered of the second, leaved and stalked vert.[168]

The arms for the Keary/Carey (Ó Ciardha) family of Fore, Westmeath according to O'Hart's 'Irish Pedigrees', (1892) page 499[169] are: azure, a lion passant, guardant or. Crest, an arm in armour embowed, holding a spear, point downward, couped all proper.[170]These arms are recorded for O'Carrie/ O'Carry and also for Currie (Ireland) in Burke's 'General Armory'.

Also in Burke's 'General Armory' is an entry for Cary: (London; confirmed 1612) Sable on a chevron between three griffins' heads erased or, as many estoiles gules. Identical arms are also recorded for Curry or Cory (Reg. Ulster's Office) in the same work.[171]

The arms of (de) Carrey of Claville, Eure, Normandy are: d’azur, à trois carreaux d’argent.[172] Arms registered in Rouen in 1588 for Nicolas Carrey, are: d’azur à la bande d’or accompagnée de 2 étoiles de même, et un chef d’or chargé de 3 carrés de gueules.[173]

Notable Careys

References

  1. ↑ Dr Edward MacLysaght, 'The Surnames of Ireland', Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1985; P. Woulfe, 'Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall', Dublin, 1923 online at http://www.libraryireland.com; Patrick Hanks, 'Dictionary of American Surnames', Oxford University Press, 2003 gives two Gaelic patronymic origins
  2. ↑ Patrick Hanks, Flavia Hodges, 'A Dictionary of Surnames', Oxford University Press, 1988; C.W.E. Bardsley, 'A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames', London, 1901, et. al.
  3. ↑ Patrick Hanks, 'Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, 2003
  4. ↑ http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=Carey&submit=Valider&client=cdip
  5. ↑ Patrick Hanks, 'Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, 2003; Patrick Hanks, Flavia Hodges,'A Dictionary of Surnames', O.U.P., 2008
  6. ↑ R. E. Matheson, 'Varieties and Synonyms of Surnames & Christian Names in Ireland, Dublin, 1901- Registrar General's Report; also P. Woulfe, 'Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall', Dublin, 1923 online at website http://www.sloinne.ie/surname/en/carey/ with Foras na Gaeilge, and Dr E. MacLysaght, 'The Surnames of Ireland', Dublin, 1985 et al.
  7. ↑ P. Woulfe, 'Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall', Dublin, 1923 also online at http://www.libraryireland.com
  8. ↑ Woulfe, Op. Cit.
  9. ↑ Woulfe, Op. Cit.
  10. ↑ Dr Edward MacLysaght, 'Irish Families', Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1985. & E. MacLysaght, 'More Irish Families', IAP, Dublin, 1982
  11. ↑ E. MacLysaght, 'More Irish Families', IAP, Dublin, 1982
  12. ↑ Patrick Hanks, 'Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, 2003 which appears verbatim at http://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=carey
  13. ↑ R. E. Matheson (1901), Op. Cit.; Woulfe Op. Cit.
  14. ↑ Dr Edward MacLysaght, 'The Surnames of Ireland', Irish Academic Press, 1985; see also 1641 Depositions, Trinity College, Dublin online at http://1641.tcd.ie/
  15. ↑ Woulfe, Op. Cit.
  16. ↑ Victor Watts, 'Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names', Cambridge University Press, 2004
  17. ↑ Patrick Hanks, Op. Cit. 2003, verbatim at http://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=carey
  18. ↑ http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=Carey&submit=Valider&client=cdip
  19. ↑ http://www.geneanet.org/genealogie/fr/carey.html
  20. ↑ http://www.francegenweb.org/~sitescgw/c0/recherche.php?patrony=Carey&type=resultat
  21. ↑ Dr Jean-Pierre Dickes, 'Les Noms de Famille en Boulonais, Calaisis et Pays de Montreuil', Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1986, page 79
  22. ↑ Burke's 'Landed Gentry', 1972: Carey of La Ville Au Roy
  23. ↑ Bannister writes that Carew is 'pronounced Carey in Cornwall and Wales': J. Bannister, 'A Glossary of Cornish Names...', 1871 online at http://archive.org/stream/glossaryofcornis00bann#page/22/mode/1up/search/Carew
  24. ↑ http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kernow/names_c.htm
  25. ↑ J. Bannister, 'A Glossary of Cornish Names...', 1871 online at http://archive.org/stream/glossaryofcornis00bann#page/22/mode/1up
  26. ↑ Patrick Hanks, op. cit., 2003, which appears verbatim at http://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=carey
  27. ↑ http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=carey
  28. ↑ http://www.dynastree.co.uk/maps/detail/carey.html
  29. ↑ Dr Edward MacLysaght, 'The Surnames of Ireland', Dublin, 1985, p. 37; P. Woulfe, 'Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall' or 'Irish Names and Surnames', Dublin, 1923
  30. ↑ Dr. E.MacLysaght, 'The Surnames of Ireland', Dublin, 1985, p. 174
  31. ↑ Donnchadh Ó Corráin and Fidelma Maguire. Irish Names, 2nd edition (Dublin, 1990).
  32. ↑ http://www.goireland.com/genealogy/family.htm?FamilyId=489 verbatim from E. MacLysaght, 'More Irish Families', Dublin, 1982.
  33. ↑ P. Woulfe, op. cit., 1923 Woulfe's work can be retrieved at http://www.libraryireland.com/names/contents.php
  34. ↑ MacLysaght, 'More Irish Families', 1982 op cit: this page online at http://www.devlin-family.com/gencarr.htm
  35. ↑ P. Woulfe, op. cit., 1923
  36. ↑ Dr E. MacLysaght, 'More Irish Families', Dublin, 1982
  37. ↑ Patrick Hanks, 'Dictionary of American Family Names', Oxford University Press, 2003 which appears verbatim at http://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=carey
  38. ↑ E. Eckwall 'Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names', 1964
  39. ↑ V. Watts, 'Cambridge Dictionary of English Place Names', 2004
  40. ↑ E. Eckwall 'Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names', 1964
  41. ↑ http://christian.monneret.pagesperso-orange.fr/Remonnay1.html
  42. ↑ http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=Carey&submit=Valider&client=cdip
  43. ↑ http://geneanet.org/genealogie/fr/carry.html
  44. ↑ http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=Cary&submit=Valider&client=cdip. See also: Dr Jean-Pierre Dickes, 'Les Noms de Famille en Boulonais, Calaisis et Pays de Montreuil', Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1986, page 79: 'CARY,CARI- Du gaulois kar: pierre. Ce nom a donnée le nom gallo-romain de CARISIUS'. One may see the surname 'Cary', of two French civilians, on the war memorial at Boulogne.
  45. ↑ http://archive.org/stream/glossaryofcornis00bann#page/22/mode/1up/search/Carew taken from J. Bannister, 'A Glossary of Cornish Names...', 1871
  46. ↑ T.J. Morgan & Prys Morgan, 'Welsh Surnames', 1985
  47. ↑ http://www.worldfamilies.net/surnames/carey
  48. ↑ http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_R1b_Y-DNA.shtml
  49. ↑ http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_R1a_Y-DNA.shtml
  50. ↑ http://knowlesclan.org/kildare.htm
  51. ↑ online at University College Cork: http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100001A/index.html
  52. ↑ http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100002A/index.html
  53. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/topographicalpoe00odonuoft#page/xlviii/mode/2up
  54. ↑ Annals of Ulster online at http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001B.html
  55. ↑ Ó Corráin, D. 'Ireland Before the Normans', Dublin 1972. Page 203, Notes: Ch 2, (1).
  56. ↑ 'Fiants of the Tudor Sovereigns, 1521-1603' official letters patent unique to Ireland (British Library, National Library of Ireland etc.)
  57. ↑ online at Trinity College site http://1641.tcd.ie/
  58. ↑ Calendar of State Papers relating to Ireland, National Library of Ireland
  59. ↑ John D'Alton, Illustrations, Historical and Genealogical, of King James' Irish Army List 1689, Dublin, 1861 online at https://archive.org/stream/illustrationshi00dalgoog#page/n872/mode/2up/search/Carey
  60. ↑ Gilbert, John T, 'A Jacobite Narrative of the War in Ireland 1688-1691', Shannon, Ireland, University Press, 1971, SBN 7165 0050 7
  61. ↑ Séamus Pender Ed. 'A 'Census' of Ireland circa 1659 with essential materials from the Poll Money', Dublin, 1931
  62. ↑ Séamus Pender Ed. 'A 'Census' of Ireland circa 1659 with essential materials from the Poll Money', Dublin, 1931
  63. ↑ caution is advised vis-a-vis the earlier genealogies (assumed connections, inaccuracies) on the following web page: http://fosbery.tripod.com/CareyFamily.htm
  64. ↑ Dr Thomas Laffan, 'Tipperary Families, being the Hearth Money Records for 1665-6-7', Dublin, 1911 online here http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/40%20Tipperary%20Hearth%20Records/40%20Tipperary%20Hearth%20Records.pdf
  65. ↑ http://igp-web.com/tipperary/polls/poll_1661.htm
  66. ↑ v. William J. Smyth preface to 'Atlas of Family Names', 2. Part 1 at University College Cork, here at http://publish.ucc.ie/doi/atlas?section=d11457e1221
  67. ↑ Séamus Pender Ed. 'A 'Census' of Ireland circa 1659 with essential materials from the Poll Money', Dublin, 1931
  68. ↑ http://www.igp-web.com/tipperary/census1766/index.htm
  69. ↑ R.E. Matheson, Preface to 'Varieties and Synonyms of Surnames & Christian Names in Ireland, Dublin, 1901
  70. ↑ ^ http://www.irishabroad.com/yourroots/genealogy/names/anglonorman/part3.asp online article of P. MacCotter, 'The Anglo-Norman Surnames of Ireland' (Part 111), 'Irish Roots' magazine, 1997
  71. ↑ 'Court of Claims, Submissions and Evidence, 1663', The Irish Manuscripts Commission
  72. ↑ R.E. Matheson, 'Varieties and Synonyms of Surnames & Christian Names in Ireland, Dublin, 1901. This is an official report; Matheson was Registrar General.
  73. ↑ R. E. Matheson notes such in Tipperary & Offaly (op.cit.)
  74. ↑ http://www.askaboutireland.ie/griffith-valuation taken from Griffith's 'Primary Valuation', 1847-64
  75. ↑ see for quick reference http://www.irishtimes.com/ancestor also based on Griffith's 'Valuation'
  76. ↑ http://www.irishtimes.com/ancestor based on Griffith's 'Valuation'.
  77. ↑ http://www.1641.tcd.ie
  78. ↑ http://www.ancestryireland.com/database.php?filename=db_mathesons Taken from R. E. Matheson, 'Special Report on Surnames in Ireland', 1894, 1909, based on 1890 births.
  79. ↑ http://www.192.com/people/search/
  80. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/JSL8-58V
  81. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/NX54-WX9
  82. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/N15D-PHJ
  83. ↑ http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?MS_AdvCB=1&db=uki1871&rank=1&new=1&so=3&MSAV=2&msT=1&gss=ms_r_db&gsfn_x=1&gsln=Carey&gsln_x=1&msbpn__ftp=Somerset%2C+England&msbpn=5283&msbpn_PInfo=7-%7C0%7C0%7C3257%7C3251%7C0%7C0%7C0%7C5283%7C0%7C0%7C&msbpn_x=XO&msbpn__ftp_x=1&dbOnly=_F0003888%7C_F0003888_x&dbOnly=_F00027B9%7C_F00027B9_x&dbOnly=_F0003039%7C_F0003039_x&dbOnly=_F000303A%7C_F000303A_x&dbOnly=_F00032DB%7C_F00032DB_x&dbOnly=_83004006%7C_83004006_x&dbOnly=_F000303D%7C_F000303D_x&dbOnly=_F00032F2%7C_F00032F2_x&dbOnly=_F00032F6%7C_F00032F6_x&uidh=000
  84. ↑ http://www.irish-genealogy-toolkit.com/Irish-immigration-to-England.html
  85. ↑ https://familysearch.org/search/record/results#count=20&query=%2Bsurname%3ACarey~%20%2Bbirth_place%3AIreland~%20%2Bbirth_year%3A1800-1860~&collection_id=1538354&offset=380
  86. ↑ http://archive.org/stream/devoncarys01harr#page/12/mode/2up Online version of 'The Devon Carys',New York, 1920. Kari Manor is in 'Exon Domesday', fol. 3168
  87. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/JMRW-J2R
  88. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/N2TN-PX2
  89. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/J79Q-YDD
  90. ↑ http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?MS_AdvCB=1&db=uki1871&rank=1&new=1&MSAV=2&msT=1&gss=angs-d&gsfn_x=1&gsln=Carey&gsln_x=1&msbpn__ftp=Devon%2c+England&msbpn__ftp_x=1&dbOnly=_F0003888%7c_F0003888_x%2c_F00027B9%7c_F00027B9_x%2c_F0003039%7c_F0003039_x%2c_F000303A%7c_F000303A_x%2c_F00032DB%7c_F00032DB_x%2c_83004006%7c_83004006_x%2c_F000303D%7c_F000303D_x%2c_F00032F2%7c_F00032F2_x%2c_F00032F6%7c_F00032F6_x&uidh=000&gl=&gst=&hc=20&fh=100&fsk=BEEgT4gIgAAdwwBC49s-61-
  91. ↑ https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results#count=20&query=%2Bsurname%3ACarey~%20%2Bbirth_place%3AIreland~&collection_id=1321821
  92. ↑ Cary of Torre Abbey in Burke's 'Landed Gentry', 1972. Their often supposed origin in Castle Cary, Somerset, seems to have stemmed from a 19th-century misreading of information in the 1620 Visitation of Devon.http://archive.org/stream/devoncarys01harr#page/22/mode/2up Taken from 'The Devon Carys', op. cit.
  93. ↑ http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/cgi-bin/browse.cgi?action=ViewRec&DB=13&bookID=136&page=43&submit=Next
  94. ↑ see Alison Weir, 'Mary Boleyn: The Great and Infamous Whore', Jonathan Cape, 2012. Though she places the ancient origin of Carey's family at 'Kari ... near Launceston in Somerset' whereas Launceston is in east Cornwall, and Kari or Cari (Carey) just over the county line in west Devon.
  95. ↑ Burke, Sir Bernard, 'Dormant & Extinct Peerage', 1866- online at (scroll up from) http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1DEGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA102-IA1&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false
  96. ↑ http://www.torre-abbey.org.uk/userfiles/downloads/torre_abbey...
  97. ↑ http://archive.org/stream/patronymicacorn01chargoog#page/n39/mode/2up from: Richard Charnock, 'Patronymica Cornu Brittanica: or The Etymology of Cornish Surnames', (1870): 'CAREW, CAREY: said to be descended from Gerald de Carrio. According to some Carey is another form of this name, which c. 1300 was spelt De Carru. Indeed the Carews of the West of England pronounce their name Cary. Some say the ancient family of Cary derived its name from Cary or Kari (as it is called in Domesday) from the parish of St. Giles-on-the-Heath near Launceston. It may also be from car, meaning a rock. Carrew, Carrey and Carry are perhaps the same name'
  98. ↑ See also http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kernow/names_c.htm
  99. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/N5Z8-CHN
  100. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/J3XL-7VL
  101. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/JMHT-18T
  102. ↑ http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=Cary&submit=Valider&client=cdip
  103. ↑ http://www.tribalpages.com/tribe/familytree?uid=pbr28&surname=Care
  104. ↑ http://en.geneanet.org/search/?name=care&country=FRA&region=BRE&subregion=F29&ressource=arbre
  105. ↑ http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?MS_AdvCB=1&db=uki1871&rank=1&new=1&MSAV=2&msT=1&gss=angs-d&gsfn_x=1&gsln=Carey&gsln_x=1&msbpn__ftp=Cornwall%2c+England&msbpn=5258&msbpn_PInfo=7-%7c0%7c0%7c3257%7c3251%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c5258%7c0%7c0%7c&msbpn_x=XO&msbpn__ftp_x=1&dbOnly=_F0003888%7c_F0003888_x%2c_F00027B9%7c_F00027B9_x%2c_F0003039%7c_F0003039_x%2c_F000303A%7c_F000303A_x%2c_F00032DB%7c_F00032DB_x%2c_83004006%7c_83004006_x%2c_F000303D%7c_F000303D_x%2c_F00032F2%7c_F00032F2_x%2c_F00032F6%7c_F00032F6_x&uidh=000&gl=&gst=&hc=20&fh=20&fsk=BEEgT4gIgAAdwwAxX5c-61-
  106. ↑ W.W. Carey, 'The History of the Careys of Guernsey', 1938
  107. ↑ 'Calvados: Part 2', Calendar of Documents Preserved in France: 918-1206 (1899), pp. 164-189. URL http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=84254
  108. ↑ A genealogical and heraldic history of the extinct and dormant baronetcies ... By John Burke, John Bernard Burke (sir.) click link on the ref. above for Carew, Antony
  109. ↑ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K1kBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA99&lpg=PA99&dq=Carew+of+Antony+genealogy&source=bl&ots=E8Rk27vi7m&sig=swWqFdol7SSfI4eOiSFU4sB0ELQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XYUbUYXgE5SN0wW4noCoAw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Carew%20of%20Antony%20genealogy&f=false
  110. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/J7W3-WBC
  111. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/J3XD-4J7
  112. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/JSDG-K51
  113. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/NGSH-T8D
  114. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/NBQQ-CHV
  115. ↑ http://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=carew select '1871 Census' England
  116. ↑ http://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=carew select '1871 Census' Wales
  117. ↑ http://www.bluestonewales.com/pembrokeshire/castles/carew
  118. ↑ http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/2585
  119. ↑ See also here: MS in 'Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica', Vol.4, page 247, eds Madden, Bandinel et al. online at http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9MRz71DVxVsC&pg=PA421&lpg=PA421&dq=Madoc+de+Kary&source=bl&ots=be32JDlHp4&sig=TM8PX4j6Mn1vYw-RdZ_CBHC1Q0s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GBdoU77jH-jA7AbvuoDoCg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Madoc%20de%20Kary&f=false See also http://www.bosci.net/LOWV/Settlements%20-%20Carey.htm
  120. ↑ T. J. Morgan & Prys Morgan, 'Welsh Surnames', Cardiff 1985, p. 68
  121. ↑ Brad(e)y 1601, Carew 1603, Carrol 1691, Cawsey 1567/ Caesy 1589/ Casie 1595 ( 1st variant phonetically close to orig. Irish Ó Cathasaigh), Cashin 1627, Conerey 1576, Connel 1562, Conley 1667, Conoly 1607, Daly 1595, Farle 1656/ Ferrell 1698, Kell(e)y 1566, Kerray (cf Carey) 1586, Lerye 1566/ Leary 1634, McConway 1698, Murphy 1627, O'Neale 1612 et al.
  122. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/NV51-2JD
  123. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/NGJX-4VG
  124. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/NYL4-9ZD
  125. ↑ http://www.ukcensusonline.com
  126. ↑ https://familysearch.org/search/record/results#count=20&query=%2Bsurname%3ACarey~%20%2Bbirth_place%3AIreland~%20%2Bbirth_year%3A1800-1860~&collection_id=1538354
  127. ↑ http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=carey
  128. ↑ http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=carey
  129. ↑ http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=Carey&submit=Valider&client=cdip
  130. ↑ http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=Carrey&submit=Valider&client=cdip
  131. ↑ http://www.geopatronyme.com/cgi-bin/carte/nomcarte.cgi?nom=Cary&submit=Valider&client=cdip
  132. ↑ http://en.geneanet.org/search/?name=care&country=FRA&region=BRE&subregion=F29&ressource=bibliotheque_privilege
  133. ↑ http://christian.monneret.pagesperso-orange.fr/Remonnay1.html
  134. ↑ http://gw.geneanet.org/itasse?lang=en;pz=mathilde;nz=robelot;ocz=0;p=claude;n=carey
  135. ↑ http://en.geneanet.org/archives/registres/search?name=CAREY&place=Paris&idcollection=7126
  136. ↑ http://en.geneanet.org/archives/etat-civil/?action=search&name=CAREY&source=colgnecpcghbn&country=fra&region=cen&subregion=f18&place=Aubigny-sur-N%E8re&annee_debut=1613&annee_fin=1613#preview
  137. ↑ http://en.geneanet.org/archives/etat-civil/?action=search&name=CAREY&source=colgnecpcgsln&country=fra&region=bou&subregion=f71&place=Sully&annee_debut=1638&annee_fin=1696#preview
  138. ↑ http://en.geneanet.org/archives/etat-civil/?action=search&name=CAREY&source=colgnecpgcgcon21&country=fra&region=bou&subregion=f21&place=Flavigny+sur+Ozerain&annee_debut=1620&annee_fin=1625#preview
  139. ↑ http://www.genealogie.com/v4/genealogie/Search.mvc/SearchResult?name=Carey&countryId=FR&departmentId=FR.99.14&expended=false&withAlert=false&page=1&firstPageInPagination=1&sortField=1&advanced=false&categoryId1=1&searchType=2&acteType=
  140. ↑ http://en.geneanet.org/archives/etat-civil/?action=search&name=CAREY&source=colgnecprouenm&country=fra&region=nor&subregion=f76&place=Rouen-Saint-Denis&annee_debut=1673&annee_fin=1673#preview
  141. ↑ http://gw.geneanet.org/bergrenier?lang=en&v=CAREY&m=N
  142. ↑ http://christian.monneret.pagesperso-orange.fr/Remonnay1.html
  143. ↑ http://en.geneanet.org/search/?name=CAREY+de+CORTIAMBLE&country=FRA&region=BOU&place=Touches&ressource=arbre
  144. ↑ http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k36861f/f48.image
  145. ↑ http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k36861f/f48.image
  146. ↑ http://www.nom-famille.com/nom-carey.html
  147. ↑ http://www.nom-famille.com/nom-cary.html
  148. ↑ http://www.nom-famille.com/nom-carrey.html
  149. ↑ http://www.careyroots.com
  150. ↑ http://careyroots.com/origin.html
  151. ↑ http://careyroots.com/origin.html
  152. ↑ http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?MS_AdvCB=1&db=uki1871&rank=1&new=1&so=3&MSAV=2&msT=1&pcat=CEN_1870&gss=ms_r_db&gsfn_x=1&gsln=Carey&gsln_x=1&msbpn__ftp=Channel+Islands&msbpn=5251&msbpn_PInfo=3-|0|0|3257|5251|0|0|0|0|0|0|&msbpn_x=XO&msbpn__ftp_x=1&dbOnly=_F0003888|_F0003888_x&dbOnly=_F00027B9|_F00027B9_x&dbOnly=_F0003039|_F0003039_x&dbOnly=_F000303A|_F000303A_x&dbOnly=_F00032DB|_F00032DB_x&dbOnly=_83004006|_83004006_x&dbOnly=_F000303D|_F000303D_x&dbOnly=_F00032F2|_F00032F2_x&dbOnly=_F00032F6|_F00032F6_x&uidh=000
  153. ↑ https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results#count=20&query=%2Bsurname%3ACarey~%20%2Bbirth_place%3AIreland~&collection_id=1321821&offset=20
  154. ↑ http://family-names.findthedata.org/ figures from U.S. SocialSecurity Admin
  155. ↑ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/hcary.htm
  156. ↑ 'The Virginia Carys: an Essay in Genealogy', N.Y. 1919 at https://archive.org/details/virginiacarysan01harrgoog
  157. ↑ Burke's 'Landed Gentry of Great Britain', 1972. Burke, Sir Bernard, 'The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales', 1884 0nline at https://archive.org/stream/generalarmoryofe00burk#page/174/mode/2up
  158. ↑ http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/cgi-bin/browse.cgi?action=ViewRec&DB=13&bookID=136&page=43&submit=Next
  159. ↑ Burke, Sir Bernard, 'Dormant and Extinct Peerage...', 1866 online at http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1DEGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA102-IA1&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false
  160. ↑ http://archive.org/stream/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog#page/n120/mode/2up
  161. ↑ Burke's Landed Gentry of Great Britain', 1972. See http://careyroots.com/crest.html
  162. ↑ http://www.careyroots.com
  163. ↑ Burke, 'General Armory', 1884 online at https://archive.org/stream/generalarmoryofe00burk#page/174/mode/2up
  164. ↑ Registered 12 August, 1929, at the Heralds College: v. 'Armorial Families', Fox-Davies, 1929. This family's origin is more obscure
  165. ↑ http://careyirish.com/page7.html
  166. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/generalarmoryofe00burk#page/168/mode/2up
  167. ↑ John Rooney, 'A Genealogical History of Irish Families: with their Crests and Armorial Bearings', New York, 1896
  168. ↑ http://www.mytribe101.com/surname/index.php?t=Carey&x=41&y=6
  169. ↑ http://archive.org/details/irishpedigreesor_01ohar
  170. ↑ http://www.careyirish.com/page7.html
  171. ↑ http://archive.org/details/generalarmoryofe00burk
  172. ↑ fr:Armorial des familles de Normandie
  173. ↑ http://www.archivesdepartementales76.net/pdf/3Bblasons.pdf