Carcoar, New South Wales

Carcoar New South Wales
Belubula Street
Carcoar
Coordinates	33°36′S 149°08′E / 33.600°S 149.133°E / -33.600; 149.133Coordinates: 33°36′S 149°08′E / 33.600°S 149.133°E / -33.600; 149.133
Population	218 (2006 census)[1]
Established	1839
Postcode(s)	2791
Elevation	720 m (2,362 ft)
Location	258 km (160 mi) from Sydney 52 km (32 mi) from Bathurst
LGA(s)	Blayney Shire
State electorate(s)	Bathurst
Federal Division(s)	Calare
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall 20.9 °C 70 °F 6.6 °C 44 °F 784.6 mm 30.9 in

Carcoar is a town in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia, in Blayney Shire. In 2006, the town had a population of 218 people.^[1] It is situated just off the Mid-Western Highway 258 km west of Sydney and 52 km south-west of Bathurst and is 720 m above sea-level. It is located in a small green valley, with the township and buildings on both banks of the Belubula River.

Carcoar was once one of the most important government centres in Western New South Wales. The town has been classified by the National Trust due to the number of intact 19th-century buildings. Carcoar is a Gundungura word meaning either frog or kookaburra.^[2]

Nearby towns are Blayney, Millthorpe, Mandurama, Neville, Lyndhurst and Barry.

Attractions

The Royal Hotel

The Royal Hotel Carcoar is an historic hotel steeped in old world charm and nestled in the quaint main street of Carcoar in NSW, a National Trust classified village. The Royal Hotel Carcoar has been awarded a coveted "Two Schooner" Good Pub Food Guide ranking in 2010 and 2011 which is the pub equivalent of the Australian Good Food Guide "Two Hat" rating for restaurants.

Carcoar Pottery

Master Potter Louise Purcell created Carcoar Pottery to showcase her unique designs in domestic and ornamental pottery.

Events

Carcoar Cup Running Festival

The first weekend in November sees the staging of the Carcoar Cup Running Festival. Hosting an Ultra Marathon (60km), Full Marathon (42.195), Teams Marathons (approx 10 km), Half Marathon (21 km), Carcoar Cup for Kids, and Carcoar to Creek Dash (6km). Entrants run from Carcoar to Neville and back via Mount Macquarie and raise money for charity. Runners come from over 100 different towns and cities throughout Australia and overseas. The Festival won an Australia Day award as Community Event of the Year. See more www.carcoarcup.com.au

Carcoar Show

An annual agricultural show held on the last weekend of October with judged events ranging from flower arranging to stud cattle and heavy horse snigging and pulling competitions.

Australia Day Fair

The annual festival for Australia Day swells the population of Carcoar to over 3000. The streets are lined with stalls. There are stage coach rides, entertainment, refreshments and historical reenactment of local history.

History

Settlers

The original occupants were probably the Wiradjuri Aborigines. The first European to travel through the area was surveyor George Evans, who, heading south-west from Bathurst in 1815, set up his camp at the head of Coombing Creek.

The first settlers arrived in 1821. The first official land grant, comprising 560 acres (2.3 km²), was issued to Thomas Icely on 26 May 1829. He named it Coombing Park. In 1838 Thomas Icely requested that a village be established to service his large pastoral estate. On 29 September 1839 Carcoar became just the third settlement west of the Blue Mountains to be gazetted.

The first allotments in the town were sold in 1840. By 1850 Carcoar was the second most populous town west of the mountains, second in size only to Bathurst and became a banking and administrative centre for the area. In 1857 the town's public school opened. It has continued to function as a school since that day making it one of the oldest continuous schools in Australia.

The discovery of gold further to the west in the mid-1860s started the decline of the town. The government began erecting a number of significant public buildings starting in the late 1870s. At this time, Coombing Park was supplying iron ore to the Lithgow steelworks.

Railways

The location of the town in the bottom of a steep valley counted against it for railway construction. Another blow came to the town when the railway went to Blayney (13 km to the North West) in 1874. By the early 1880s the population was in decline. Carcoar was not on the rail line until 1888 when the Blayney-Demondrille Line, which is an extension of the Main Southern Line, was constructed.^[3]

In the 1980s services were suspended between Cowra and Blayney (including Carcoar). This section was re-opened by the Lachlan Valley Railway. The LVR run tourist trains, mainly from Cowra to Blayney and Canowindra, and have now moved into general freight haulage.

Convicts and bushrangers

Carcoar's population growth in the mid-19th century also brought forth problems with the local renegade convicts and bushrangers who frequented the area and indeed ventured into the town and its surroundings on quite frequent occasions. In the late 1830s renegade convicts and bushrangers were a problem around Carcoar. Martial law and the withdrawal of all convict privileges was threatened in 1841. However, with the capture of the bushranger Paddy Curran and the arrival of a magistrate and more police the trouble abated.

John Peisley, born in Bathurst in 1835, was a notorious horse thief in the area in the early 1850s while a teenager. He was eventually sentenced to serve time on Cockatoo Island near Sydney, now called Biloela, where he met Frank Gardiner, a prisoner who served time there and was labelled a ‘Cockatoo Hand’. In December 1860 Peisley gained his Ticket of Leave, conditional upon him remaining in the Hunter River Valley area. He absconded to the Abercrombie Ranges where his parents once lived and adopted the career of lone highway robber, ‘sticking up’ travellers in the area south and west of Bathurst. Peisley became one of the first true ‘Wild Colonial Boys’. After two months Frank Gardiner joined him and Johnny Gilbert made a gang of three, three weeks later. Peisley was captured late January 1862 and committed for trial by the Carcoar bench for murdering an innkeeper at Bigga. Two months later, he was convicted and hanged at Bathurst.

Two local lads from the Mount Macquarie area (now Neville), long-term friends Mickey Bourke and Johnny Vane, attempted to steal a racehorse from the 'Coombing Park' stable. Stablehand German Charley tried to stop them and Bourke shot him in the mouth. Charley recovered and Bourke went on to join Ben Hall's gang.

On 13 July 1863 Johnny Gilbert and John O'Meally led by Ben Hall held up the Commercial Bank at Carcoar. A brave teller in the bank fired a shot into the ceiling of the bank, thwarting the robbery. The manager was shot outside as he was returning to the bank and the gang fled without seizing anything. This was significant as it was Australia's first bank robbery, and in broad daylight. In October 1863 John Gilbert, Ben Hall, John O’Meally, and the two Mount Macquarie lads John Vane and Micky Burke, held up a jeweller’s shop and the Sportsman’s Arms Hotel in Bathurst in broad daylight. They exchanged shots with the police as they made their escape down George Street. They returned three days later to rob more stores, houses and hotels on the outskirts of the town. Weeks after Hall’s gang’s raids on Bathurst twenty-year-old Micky Burke’s very short bushranging career ended at Rockley. Holding up Gold Commissioner Keightley he was wounded in the stomach and, believing he was about to die, shot himself in the head. Still alive and in pain one of his friends killed him (the Coroner named Hall).

Later still the Presbyterian Reverend James Adam was held up by Ben Hall who finding that the Reverend made a good impression upon him decided not to rob him.

Frank Gardiner, previously working in the area when he was granted a ticket of leave as a part of his parole conditions after a six-year stint for horse theft, broke his parole and took up cattle thieving.

Ben Hall was shot dead in a hail of gunfire near Forbes in May 1865 and was buried in the Forbes cemetery. In Ben Hall’s short three-year leadership the gang robbed ten mail coaches, held up towns and stations twenty-one times and stole twenty-three racehorses.

Mining

Carcoar was the site of Australia's first documented uranium deposit.^[4] The deposit was located within a cobalt mine, in the form of copper uranite ore.^[5]

Film and television

In recent years the town has been used as a location for numerous film and television productions including Jessica (starring Sam Neill), Let the Balloon Go, Brides of Christ and Tommy the Kid.

Notable residents

• Kurt Fearnley, wheelchair athletics world champion who also crawled the 96 km Kokoda Trail in November 2009.
• Havelock Ellis, physician, psychologist, writer, social reformer who was a pioneer in the study of human sexuality. In the 1870s Ellis spent a year as a tutor for a family living a few miles from Carcoar, before becoming a master at a grammar school in Grafton. He later wrote: "In Australia, I gained health of body, I attained peace of soul, my life task was revealed to me, I was able to decide on a professional vocation, I became an artist in literature . . . these five points covered the whole activity of my life in the world..."

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carcoar, New South Wales.

• National Trust of Australia
• Firearms Tech Museum
• Lachlan Valley Railway
• Lots of pics from in and around Carcoar NSW
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V63RAUGlLeA/Carcoar...Explore The Way We Lived

Towns, suburbs and localities of Blayney Shire, Central West, New South Wales Athol Barry Beneree Blayney Browns Creek Carcoar Forest Reefs Garland Hobbys Yards Kings Plains Lyndhurst Mandurama Millthorpe Newbridge Neville Panuara