Captain (naval)

Not to be confused with Sea captain.
A Royal Navy captain's rank insignia during Divisions conducted at HMNB Clyde in January 2013.
Naval officer ranks
Flag officers:

Admiral of the fleet • Fleet admiral • Grand admiral
Admiral • General admiral
Vice admiral • Squadron vice-admiral • Lieutenant admiral
Rear admiral • Counter admiral • Divisional admiral
Commodore • Flotilla admiral

Senior officers:

Captain • Capt at sea • Capt of sea and war • Ship-of-the-line Capt
Commander • Frigate captain
Lieutenant commander • Corvette captain

Junior officers:

Captain lieutenant • Lieutenant • Ship-of-the-line lieutenant
Frigate lieutenant • Lieutenant (junior grade) • Sub-lieutenant
Corvette lieutenant • Ensign
Midshipman

Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The rank is equal to the army rank of colonel.

Equivalent ranks worldwide include "ship-of-the-line captain" (e.g. France, Argentina, Spain), "captain of sea and war" (e.g. Portugal), "captain at sea" (e.g. Germany, Netherlands) and "captain of the first rank" (Russia).

The NATO rank code is OF-5.

Etymology

Any naval officer who commands a ship (titled commanding officer, or C.O.) is addressed by naval custom as "captain" while aboard in command, regardless of their actual rank. Officers with the rank of captain travelling aboard a vessel they do not command should be addressed by their rank and name (e.g., "Captain Smith"), but they should not be referred to as "the captain" to avoid confusion with the vessel's captain.[1] According to U.S. Navy wardroom etiquette, an embarked Navy captain is normally addressed in that setting as "Commodore," since, if a line officer, he will or she will typically be the next senior officer in the chain of command, such as the commodore of a Destroyer Squadron (DESRON), Amphibious Squadron (PHIBRON) or Submarine Squadron (SUBRON). On a U.S. Navy ship a Marine or Army captain, which is a substantially lower rank than a naval captain, may be socially addressed with the courtesy title of "major" to differentiate him or her from the ship's commander.

On large ships (e.g., aircraft carriers), the executive officer (XO) may be a captain in rank, in which case it would be proper to address him by rank. Often the XO prefers to be called "XO" to avoid confusion with the CO, who is also a captain in rank and the captain of the ship.[2] The same applies to aircraft carriers in the U.S. Navy, where the commander and deputy commander of the embarked carrier air wing are both captains in rank, but are addressed by the titles of "CAG" and DCAG," respectively.

Role

The command of a ship is often given to the naval rank equivalent to a commissioned officer between commander (OF-4) and commodore or rear admiral (OF-6).[Note 1] The naval rank should not be confused with the army, air force, or marine ranks of captain, which all have the NATO code of OF-2.

Commands

Captains with sea commands generally command ships of cruiser size or larger, the more senior the officer, the larger the ship, but ship commanders do not normally hold a higher rank than captain. In the Royal Navy, a captain might command a destroyer flotilla with the appointment (not rank) of captain (D), while naval aviator and naval flight officer captains in the U.S. Navy command aircraft carriers, large-deck amphibious assault ships, carrier air wings, maritime patrol air wings, and functional and specialized air wings and air groups.

Rear admirals will normally embark on large capital ships such as aircraft carriers, which will function as the flagship for their strike group or battle group, but a captain will retain command of the actual ship. Even when a senior officer who is in the ship's captain's chain of command is present, all orders are given through the captain. Many captains hold shore commands and staff positions afloat and ashore.

Navies Armies Air forces
Commissioned officers
Admiral of
the fleet		 Marshal or
Field marshal		 Marshal of
the air force
Admiral General Air chief marshal
Vice admiral Lieutenant general Air marshal
Rear admiral Major general Air vice-marshal
Commodore Brigadier or
Brigadier general		 Air commodore
Captain Colonel Group captain
Commander Lieutenant colonel Wing commander
Lieutenant
commander		 Major or
Commandant		 Squadron leader
Lieutenant Captain Flight lieutenant
Sub-lieutenant Lieutenant or
First lieutenant 		Flying officer
Ensign Second
lieutenant		 Pilot officer
Midshipman Officer cadet Officer cadet
Enlisted grades
Chief petty officer or
Warrant officer		 Sergeant major or
Warrant officer		 Warrant officer
Petty officer Sergeant Sergeant
Leading seaman Corporal Corporal
Seaman Private Aircraftman

Captains in national navies

The following articles deal with the rank of captain as it is used in various navies.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Polish Navy is, however, a notable exception with "naval captain" (Polish - kapitan marynarki) in the OF-2 rank of lieutenant or captain lieutenant and the OF-5 rank being a "commodore" (Polish - komandor).

References

  1. ↑ William P. Mack, Harry A. Seymour, Lesa A. McComas (1998). The naval officer's guide. U.S. Navy: Naval Institute Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-55750-645-0.
  2. ↑ J. D. Fontana, R. M. Hillyer (1990). General Guide to NOSC Civilians Boarding Navy Ships. San Diego: Naval Oceans System Center. p. 9.