Campanulaceae
| Campanulaceae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Campanula cespitosa | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Campanulaceae Juss.[1] |
| Genera | |
|
See text. | |
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky non-toxic sap.[2] Among them are the familiar garden plants Campanula (bellflower), Lobelia, and Platycodon (balloonflower).
This family is almost cosmopolitan but concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. However in the Southern Hemisphere, South Africa is remarkably rich in members of this family. These species are absent in the Sahara, Antarctica, Northeast Asia and northern Greenland.
Most current classifications include the segregate family Lobeliaceae in Campanulaceae as subfamily Lobelioideae.
Description
Leaves are often alternate, more rarely opposite. They are also simple and without stipules.
Flowers are bisexual, bell-shaped, consisting of a narrow tube-like corolla with small spreading lobes. Many are blue.
Fruits are berries or capsules.
Subfamilies and genera
- Campanuloideae
- Adenophora
- Astrocodon
- Asyneuma
- Azorina
- Berenice
- Campanula—Bellflower
- Canarina
- Codonopsis
- Craterocapsa
- Cryptocodon
- Cyananthus
- Cylindrocarpa
- Echinocodon
- Edraianthus
- Feeria
- Gadellia
- Githopsis—Bluecup
- Gunillaea
- Hanabusaya
- Heterochaenia
- Heterocodon
- Homocodon
- Jasione
- Legousia—Venus' Looking-glass
- Leptocodon
- Lightfootia
- Merciera
- Michauxia
- Microcodon
- Musschia
- Namacodon
- Nesocodon
- Numaeacampa
- Ostrowskia
- Peracarpa
- Petromarula
- Physoplexis
- Phyteuma
- Platycodon—Balloonflower
- Popoviocodonia
- Prismatocarpus
- Rhigiophyllum
- Roella
- Sergia
- Siphocodon
- Symphyandra
- Theilera
- Trachelium
- Treichelia
- Triodanis
- Wahlenbergia
- Zeugandra
- Apetahia
- Brighamia
- Burmeistera
- Centropogon
- Clermontia
- Cyanea
- Delissea
- Dialypetalum
- Diastatea
- Dielsantha
- Downingia
Calicoflower - Grammatotheca
- Heterotoma
- Hippobroma
- Howellia
- Hypsela
- Isotoma
- Laurentia = Isotoma, Solenopsis, Hippobroma
- Legenere—False Venus' Looking-glass
- Lobelia
- Lysipomia
- Monopsis
- Palmerella
- Porterella
- Pratia
- Ruthiella
- Sclerotheca
- Siphocampylus
- Solenopsis
- Trematocarpus
- Trematolobelia—False Lobelia
- Trimeris
- Unigenes
- Cyphioideae
- Cyphia
- Cyphocarpus
- Nemacladus—Threadplant
- Parishella
- Pseudonemacladus
Literature
- Lammers, T.G. (2007) World Checklist and Bibliography of Campanulaceae. Kew Publishing, Richmond, Surrey.
- Fedorov, A., & Kovanda, M. (1976) Campanulaceae. In Flora Europaea (T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, & D.A. Webb, Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 74–93.
- Borsch, T., Korotkova, N., Raus, T., Lobin, W., and Loehne, C. (2009) The petD group II intron as a genus and species level marker: Utility for tree inference and species identification in the diverse genus Campanula (Campanulaceae). In: Willdenowia, 39, 7-33. pdf online
- C. Roquet, L. Sáez, J. J. Aldasoro, S. Alfonso, M. L. Alarcón and N. Garcia-Jacas (2008) Natural delineation, molecular phylogeny and floral evolution in Campanula. Systematic Botany, 33, 203-217.
- M. E. Cosner, L. A. Raubeson, R. K. Jansen: „Chloroplast DNA rearrangements in Campanulaceae: phylogenetic utility of highly rearranged genomes“ In: BMC Evolutionary Biology 4(27)/2007, S. 1-17, online
- W. M. M. Eddie, T. Shulkina, J. Gaskin, R. C. Haberle & R. K. Jansen: Phylogeny of Campanulaceae s. str. inferred from ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 90(4)/2003. S. 554–575
References
- ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x, retrieved 2010-12-10
- ↑ Lammers, Thomas (1998). "Revision of the Infrageneric Classification of Lobelia L. (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 4: 109–149.