Cambrian Series 3

Key events in the Cambrian

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-540 —

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-530 —

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-520 —

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-510 —

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-500 —

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-490 —

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Ordovician

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Fortunian

"Stage 2"

"Stage 3"

"Stage 4"

"Stage 5"

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Baykonur
glaciation

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Orsten Fauna

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Burgess Shale

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Kaili biota

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Archaeocyatha extinction

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Emu Bay Shale

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Sirius Passet biota

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Chengjiang biota

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First Trilobites

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SSF diversification, first brachiopods & archaeocyatha

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First halkieriids, mollusсs, hyoliths SSF

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Treptichnus pedum trace
Large negative peak δ 13C_carb excursion

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First Cloudina & Namacalathus mineral tubular fossils

Stratigraphic scale of the ICS subdivisions and Precambrian/Cambrian boundary.

Cambrian Series 3 is the still unnamed 3rd Series of the Cambrian. It lasted from about ~509 to ~497 million years ago and is divided into 3 stages: the unnamed Stage 5, the Drumian, and the Guzhangian. Cambrian Series 3 is preceded by also unnamed Cambrian Series 2 and succeeded by the Furongian series.^[1]

Naming

The International Commission on Stratigraphy still has to decide on the official name of the 2nd series of the Cambrian. The new name will also replace the older term "Middle Cambrian".^[2]

Definition

The lower boundary of Series 3 has the same definition as Cambrian Stage 5. This boundary has not been formally defined yet by the ICS but a number of proposals for fossils and type sections have been made. The most promising fossil markers are the respective first appearances of either trilobite species Ovatoryctocara granulata or Oryctocephalus indicus.^[3] Either species should have an age close to ~509.^[1] The Series 3-Furongian boundary has the same definition as the Paibian stage. It is defined as the first appearance of Glyptagnostus reticulatus around ~497 million years ago.^[1]

Subdivision

Cambrian Series 3 is subdivided into the following stages:^[1]

Epoch	Stage	Age (mya)
Furongian
	Stage 10	~489.5
	Jiangshanian	~494
	Paibian	~497
Series 3
	Guzhangian	~500.5
	Drumian	~504.5
	Stage 5	~509
Series 2
	Stage 4	~514
	Stage 3	~521

References

↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Retrieved 15 November 2012.
↑ Sundberg, F.A.; Zhao, Y.L.; Yuan, J.L.; Lin, J.P. (22 September 2011). "Detailed trilobite biostratigraphy across the proposed GSSP for Stage 5 ("Middle Cambrian" boundary) at the Wuliu-Zengjiayan section, Guizhou, China". Bulletin of Geosciences: 423–464. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1211.
↑ Gozalo, Rodolfo; Álvarez, María Eugenia Dies; Vintaned, José Antonio Gámez; Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu.; Bauluz, Blanca; Subías, Ignacio; Chirivella Martorell, Juan B.; Mayoral, Eduardo; Gursky, Hans-Jürgen; Andrés, José Antonio; Liñán, Eladio (1 December 2011). "Proposal of a reference section and point for the Cambrian Series 2-3 boundary in the Mediterranean subprovince in Murero (NE Spain) and its intercontinental correlation". Geological Journal: n/a–n/a. doi:10.1002/gj.1330.

Preceded by Proterozoic Eon	Phanerozoic Eon
	Paleozoic Era						Mesozoic Era			Cenozoic Era
	Cambrian	Ordovician	Silurian	Devonian	Carboniferous	Permian	Triassic	Jurassic	Cretaceous	Paleogene	Neogene	4ry

Geologic history of Earth

Precambrian supereon (4.567 Gya – 541.0 Mya)

eons

eras	periods

Hadean
(4.567–4 Gya)

Paleohadean (4.567–4.3 Gya)

Mesohadean (4.3–4.1 Gya)

Neohadean (4.1–4 Gya)

Archean
(4–2.5 Gya)

Eoarchean (4–3.6 Gya)

Paleoarchean (3.6–3.2 Gya)

Mesoarchean (3.2–2.8 Gya)

Neoarchean (2.8–2.5 Gya)

Proterozoic
(2.5 Gya – 541.0 Mya)

Paleoproterozoic (2.5–1.6 Gya)	Siderian (2.5–2.3 Gya) Rhyacian (2.3–2.05 Gya) Orosirian (2.05–1.8 Gya) Statherian (1.8–1.6 Gya)

Mesoproterozoic (1.6–1 Gya)	Calymmian (1.6–1.4 Gya) Ectasian (1.4–1.2 Gya) Stenian (1.2–1 Gya)

Neoproterozoic (1 Gya – 541.0 Mya)	Tonian (1 Gya – 850 Mya) Cryogenian (850–635 Mya) Ediacaran (635–541.0 Mya)

Mya = millions years ago. Gya = billions years ago.

Phanerozoic eon (541.0 Mya – present)

Paleozoic era (541.0–252.17 Mya)

periods

epochs	ages

Cambrian
(541.0–485.4 Mya)

Terreneuvian (541.0–521 Mya)	Fortunian (541.0–529 Mya) Age 2* (529–521 Mya)

Epoch 2* (521–509 Mya)	Age 3* (521–514 Mya) Age 4* (514–509 Mya)

Epoch 3* (509–497 Mya)	Age 5* (509–504.5 Mya) Drumian (504.5–500.5 Mya) Guzhangian (500.5–497 Mya)

Furongian (497–485.4 Mya)	Paibian (497–494 Mya) Jiangshanian (494–489.5 Mya) Age 10* (489.5–485.4 Mya)

Ordovician
(485.4–443.4 Mya)

Early (485.4–470.0 Mya)	Tremadocian (485.4–477.7 Mya) Floian (477.7–470.0 Mya)

Middle (470.0–458.4 Mya)	Dapingian (470.0–467.3 Mya) Darriwilian (467.3–458.4 Mya)

Late (458.4–443.4 Mya)	Sandbian (458.4–453.0 Mya) Katian (453.0–445.2 Mya) Hirnantian (445.2–443.4 Mya)

Silurian
(443.4–419.2 Mya)

Llandovery (443.4–433.4 Mya)	Rhuddanian (443.4–440.8 Mya) Aeronian (440.8–438.5 Mya) Telychian (438.5–433.4 Mya)

Wenlock (433.4–427.4 Mya)	Sheinwoodian (433.4–430.5 Mya) Homerian (430.5–427.4 Mya)

Ludlow (427.4–423.0 Mya)	Gorstian (427.4–425.6 Mya) Ludfordian (425.6–423.0 Mya)

Pridoli (423.0–419.2 Mya)

Devonian
(419.2–358.9 Mya)

Early (419.2–393.3 Mya)	Lochkovian (419.2–410.8 Mya) Pragian (410.8–407.6 Mya) Emsian (407.6–393.3 Mya)

Middle (393.3–382.7 Mya)	Eifelian (393.3–387.7 Mya) Givetian (387.7–382.7 Mya)

Late (382.7–358.9 Mya)	Frasnian (382.7–372.2 Mya) Famennian (372.2–358.9 Mya)

Carboniferous
(358.9–298.9 Mya)

Mississippian (358.9–323.2 Mya)	Tournaisian (358.9–346.7 Mya) Viséan (346.7–330.9 Mya) Serpukhovian (330.9–323.2 Mya)

Pennsylvanian (323.2–298.9 Mya)	Bashkirian (323.2–315.2 Mya) Moscovian (315.2–307.0 Mya) Kasimovian (307.0–303.7 Mya) Gzhelian (303.7–298.9 Mya)

Permian
(298.9–252.17 Mya)

Cisuralian (298.9–272.3 Mya)	Asselian (298.9–295.0 Mya) Sakmarian (295.0–290.1 Mya) Artinskian (290.1–283.5 Mya) Kungurian (283.5–272.3 Mya)

Guadalupian (272.3–259.8 Mya)	Roadian (272.3–268.8 Mya) Wordian (268.8–265.1 Mya) Capitanian (265.1–259.8 Mya)

Lopingian (259.8–252.17 Mya)	Wuchiapingian (259.8–254.14 Mya) Changhsingian (254.14–252.17 Mya)

Kasimovian and Gzhelian comprise Late Pennsylvanian (307.0–298.9 Mya) subepoch.

Mesozoic era (252.17–66.0 Mya)

periods

epochs	ages

Triassic
(252.17–201.3 Mya)

Early (252.17–247.2 Mya)	Induan (252.17–251.2 Mya) Olenekian (251.2–247.2 Mya)

Middle (247.2–235 Mya)	Anisian (247.2–242 Mya) Ladinian (242–235 Mya)

Late (235–201.3 Mya)	Carnian (235–228 Mya) Norian (228–208.5 Mya) Rhaetian (208.5–201.3 Mya)

Jurassic
(201.3–145.0 Mya)

Early (201.3–174.1 Mya)	Hettangian (201.3–199.3 Mya) Sinemurian (199.3–190.8 Mya) Pliensbachian (190.8–182.7 Mya) Toarcian (182.7–174.1 Mya)

Middle (174.1–163.5 Mya)	Aalenian (174.1–170.3 Mya) Bajocian (170.3–168.3 Mya) Bathonian (168.3–166.1 Mya) Callovian (166.1–163.5 Mya)

Late (163.5–145.0 Mya)	Oxfordian (163.5–157.3 Mya) Kimmeridgian (157.3–152.1 Mya) Tithonian (152.1–145.0 Mya)

Cretaceous
(145.0–66.0 Mya)

Early (145.0–100.5 Mya)	Berriasian (145.0–139.8 Mya) Valanginian (139.8–132.9 Mya) Hauterivian (132.9–129.4 Mya) Barremian (129.4–125.0 Mya) Aptian (125.0–113.0 Mya) Albian (113.0–100.5 Mya)

Late (100.5–66.0 Mya)	Cenomanian (100.5–93.9 Mya) Turonian (93.9–89.8 Mya) Coniacian (89.8–86.3 Mya) Santonian (86.3–83.6 Mya) Campanian (83.6–72.1 Mya) Maastrichtian (72.1–66.0 Mya)

Cenozoic era (66.0 Mya – present)

periods

epochs	ages; italic are chrons

Paleogene
(66.0–23.03 Mya)

Paleocene (66.0–56.0 Mya)	Danian (66.0–61.6 Mya) Selandian (61.6–59.2 Mya) Thanetian (59.2–56.0 Mya)

Eocene (56.0–33.9 Mya)	Ypresian (56.0–47.8 Mya) Lutetian (47.8–41.3 Mya) Bartonian (41.3–38.0 Mya) Priabonian (38.0–33.9 Mya)

Oligocene (33.9–23.03 Mya)	Rupelian (33.9–28.1 Mya) Chattian (28.1–23.03 Mya)

Neogene
(23.03–2.58 Mya)

Miocene (23.03–5.333 Mya)	Aquitanian (23.03–20.44 Mya) Burdigalian (20.44–15.97 Mya) Langhian (15.97–13.82 Mya) Serravallian (13.82–11.62 Mya) Tortonian (11.62–7.246 Mya) Messinian (7.246–5.333 Mya)

Pliocene (5.333–2.58 Mya)	Zanclean (5.333–3.600 Mya) Piacenzian (3.600–2.58 Mya)

Quaternary
(2.58 Mya – present)

Pleistocene (2.58 Mya – 11.7 kya)	Gelasian (2.58–1.80 Mya) Calabrian (1.80 Mya – 781 kya) Middle (Ionian) (781–126 kya) Late (Tarantian) (126–11.7 kya): Oldest Dryas (18–14.67 kya)* Bølling (14.67–14 kya)* Older Dryas (14–13.7 kya)* Allerød (13.7–12.8 kya)* Younger Dryas (12.8–11.7 kya)*

Holocene (11.7 kya – present)	Preboreal (11.7–9 kya)* Boreal (9–8 kya)* Atlantic (8–5 kya)* Subboreal (5–2.5 kya)* Subatlantic (2.5 kya – present)*

Paleogene, Neogene and early Pleistocene comprise former Tertiary* (66.0–1.8 Mya) period. Gelasian and Calabrian comprise Early Pleistocene (2.58 Mya – 781 kya) subepoch.

kya = thousands years ago. Mya = millions years ago. * Not officially recognized by the I.C.S.

Source: International Chronostratigraphic Chart (February 2014). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 3 June 2014. Divisions of Geologic Time—Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units USGS Retrieved 10 March 2013.