Calvatia

Calvatia
Calvatia craniiformis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Calvatia
Fr. (1849)
Type species
Calvatia craniiformis
(Schwein.) Fr. (1849)
Synonyms[1]

Calvatia is a genus of puffball mushrooms that includes the spectacular giant puffball C. gigantea. It was formerly classified within the now-obsolete order Lycoperdales, which, following a restructuring of fungal taxonomy brought about by molecular phylogeny, has been split; the puffballs, Calvatia spp. are now placed in the family Agaricaceae of the order Agaricales.

Most species in the genus Calvatia are edible when young, though some are best avoided, such as Calvatia fumosa, which has a very pungent odor.

The name Calvatia derives from the Latin calvus meaning "bald" and calvaria, meaning "dome of the skull".

Taxonomy

Calvatia was circumscribed by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1849. Fries included a single species in the genus, Calvatia craniiformis, which was originally described as Bovista craniiformis by Lewis David de Schweinitz in 1832.[5]

Species

As of February 2015, Index Fungorum lists 58 species of Calvatia. [6]

Calvatia nipponica
Calvatia sculpta
  • Calvatia agaricoides
  • Calvatia ahmadii – Pakistan[7]
  • Calvatia aniodina
  • Calvatia arctica
  • Calvatia argentea
  • Calvatia bellii
  • Calvatia bicolor
  • Calvatia boninensis
  • Calvatia booniana
  • Calvatia bovista
  • Calvatia caelata
  • Calvatia candida
  • Calvatia capensis
  • Calvatia connivens – Greenland[8]
  • Calvatia cretacea
  • Calvatia craniiformis
  • Calvatia crucibulum
  • Calvatia cyathiformis
  • Calvatia excipuliformis
  • Calvatia flava
  • Calvatia friabilis
  • Calvatia fulvida
  • Calvatia fusca
  • Calvatia gardneri
  • Calvatia gigantea
  • Calvatia guzmanii[9]
  • Calvatia horrida – Svalbard, Norway[8]
  • Calvatia incerta
  • Calvatia kakavu
  • Calvatia lacerata
  • Calvatia lachnoderma
  • Calvatia lilacina
  • Calvatia lloydii
  • Calvatia lycoperdoides
  • Calvatia macrogemmae
  • Calvatia nipponica
  • Calvatia nodulata – Brazil[10]
  • Calvatia oblongispora – Brazil[11]
  • Calvatia occidentalis
  • Calvatia ochrogleba
  • Calvatia olba – New South Wales, Australia
  • Calvatia olivacea
  • Calvatia owyheensis
  • Calvatia pachydermica
  • Calvatia pallida
  • Calvatia paradoxa
  • Calvatia polygonia
  • Calvatia primitiva
  • Calvatia pseudolilacina
  • Calvatia pygmaea
  • Calvatia pyriformis
  • Calvatia rosacea – Ecuador[12]
  • Calvatia rubrotincta
  • Calvatia rugosa
  • Calvatia sculpta
  • Calvatia septentrionalis – Greenland[8]
  • Calvatia sporocristata – Costa Rica[13]
  • Calvatia subtomentosa
  • Calvatia tropicalis
  • Calvatia turneri
  • Calvatia utriformis
  • Calvatia vinosa – Indonesia[14]
  • Calvatia violascens

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy: Calvatia Fr.". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2015-02-18.
  2. ↑ Rafinesque-Schmaltz CS. (1821). Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques de Mr. C. S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz entre 1800 et 1814, ou choix raisonné de ses principales découvertes en zoologie et en botanique pour servir d'introduction a ses ouvrages futurs (in French). Palermo. p. 52.
  3. ↑ Montagne JPFC. "Troisième Centurie de plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles, Décades I, II, III et IV. Fungi cubenses". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (in French) 17 (II): 119–28.
  4. ↑ Lloyd CG. "The genera of Gasteromycetes". Mycological Notes (7): 1–24 (see p. 11).
  5. ↑ Fries EM. (1849). Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae (in Latin) 2. Uppsala, Sweden: Typographia Academica. p. 442.
  6. ↑ Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 15th February 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2015-02-18.
  7. ↑ Khalid AN, Iqbal SH. (2004). "Calvatia ahmadii sp.nov., from Pakistan" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Botany 36 (3): 669–71.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Lange M. (1990). "Arctic Gasteromycetes. II. Calvatia in Greenland, Svalbard, Arctic Ocean and Iceland". Nordic Journal of Botany 9 (5): 525–46. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb00545.x.
  9. ↑ Alves CR, Cortez VG. (2013). "Calvatia guzmanii sp. nov. (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota) from Paraná State, Brazil". Phytotaxa 85 (2): 35–40. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.85.2.1.
  10. ↑ da Silva Alfredo D, Rodrigues ACM, Baseia IG. (2014). "Calvatia nodulata, a new gasteroid fungus from Brazilian semiarid region". Journal of Mycology. 697602. doi:10.1155/2014/697602.
  11. ↑ Suarez VL, Wright JE, Calonge FD. (2009). "Calvatia oblongispora sp. nov. from Brazil, with close affinities to Calvatia sporocristata from Costa Rica". Mycotaxon 108: 323–7. doi:10.5248/108.323.
  12. ↑ Kreisel H. (1989). "Studies in the Calvatia complex (Basidiomycetes)". Nova Hedwigia 48: 281–96.
  13. ↑ Calonge FD, Mata M, Carranza J. (2003). "Calvatia sporocristata sp. nov. (Gasteromycetes) from Costa Rica". Revista de Biologia Tropical 51 (1): 79–84. PMID 15162683.
  14. ↑ Kasuya T, Retnowati A. (2006). "New or noteworthy species of the genus Calvatia Fr. (Basidiomycota) with probable medicinal value from Indonesia". International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 8 (3): 283–8. doi:10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v8.i3.100.

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