Cailletier

Cailletier

Cailletier used in a salad
Olive (Olea europaea)
Color of the ripe fruit Black
Also called Niçoise
Origin France
Notable regions Alpes-Maritimes
Hazards Olive fruit fly, Saissetia oleae, cold
Use Oil and table
Oil content High
Fertility Self-fertile
Growth form Erect
Leaf Elliptic-lanceolate
Weight Low
Shape Ovoid
Symmetry Symmetrical

The Cailletier is a cultivar of olives grown primarily in the Alpes-Maritimes region near Nice. It is best known under the name Niçoise, which signifies its curing method, in which form it is an important ingredient in the Niçoise salad. It can also be used for the production of oil. This cultivar is particularly susceptible to the Olive fruit fly.

Extent

The Cailletier is particularly common in the Alpes-Maritimes region of southern France, where it is the main variety,[1] and also in nearby Liguria in Italy.[2] It can also be found as far away as Japan, Australia and the United States.[3]

Synonyms

In Italy the cultivar is known under the name of Taggiasca.[2] Locally it is known under a number of different synonyms, including Cayet or Cayon, Grassenc, Olivier de Grasse, Pendoulier and Pleureur.[3] The name Niçoise is not a synonym, but the name of the olive after a particular processing (see below).

Characteristics

It is a cultivar of good strength and large size, with an erect growth form, and elliptic-lanceolate leaves of medium length and width.[4] The olives are of low weight, ovoid shape and symmetrical.[5] The stone has a rounded apex and base, with a rugose surface and a mucro.[3]

For use in oil production the olive is harvested in mid-November. Fruits for use as table olives, on the other hand, can be harvested up until May.[2] The fully ripe olives have "a dark colour that ranges from black brownish-purple to brownish-black".[6]

Processing

Cailletier cultivar near Contes, Alpes-Maritimes, with an olive harvest net on the ground

The Cailletier is a dual use cultivar, used both for the extraction of oil and as a table olive.[7] In spite of the fact that the stone is relatively large, it gives a yield of oil (20–25%).[2] The oil has a sweet delicate quality, and is appreciated by novice olive oil consumers.[2] It has a taste of fresh almond and hazelnut. For a more bitter, strong taste, a harvest before the end of the year is preferable.[2] The cultivar is used in three officially approved appellations: the "AOC Huile d'Olive de Nice", "AOC Olive de Nice" and "AOC Pâte d'Olive de Nice".[2]

The best-known application of the Cailletier is for Niçoise salads. For this purpose the olives are cured black, a process carried out in the Nice area, hence the name.[5]

Agronomy

It is considered a productive cultivar, but with a tendency towards biennial bearing, i.e. that a good yield is followed by a weaker one the next year.[7] It is generally agreed that the cultivar is self-fertile, but some authorities still recommend the presence of other pollinators.[2][7]

It is vulnerable to certain organic pests, primarily the Bactrocera oleae (Olive fruit fly).[2] Other risks are the Saissetia oleae, Spilocaea oleaginea and Sooty moulds.[8] Also starlings are particularly fond of the Cailletier.[2] While somewhat vulnerable to cold, it has high resistance to drought.[9]

References

  1. ↑ "Cailletier (Nicoise) Olive Tree (Potted)". Peaceful Valley Farm & Garden Supply. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Courboulex, Michel (2002). Les oliviers (in French). Paris: Éditions Rustica. pp. 33–4. ISBN 2-84038-635-6.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Cultivar name: Cailletier". OLEA Databases. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
  4. ↑ "Cailletier". International Olive Council. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Cailletier". Santa Cruz Olive Tree Nursery. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
  6. ↑ "Niçoise Olives". Practically Edible. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Agronomical characters for cultivar Cailletier". OLEA Databases. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
  8. ↑ "Susceptibility to biotic stress for cultivar Cailletier". OLEA Databases. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
  9. ↑ "Susceptibility to abiotic stress for cultivar Cailletier". OLEA Databases. Retrieved 2009-01-19.