CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875
CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 to Metropolitan & Suburban 4-4-0T to South African Class 01 4-4-0T 1875 | |
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CGR 1st Class no 4 on the Metropolitan & Suburban Railway (Sea Point Line) in Cape Town, c. 1892 | |
Type and origin | |
Power type | Steam |
Designer | Robert Stephenson and Company |
Builder |
Robert Stephenson and Company Neilson and Company |
Serial number |
Stephenson 2224-2230 Neilson 2553-2556 |
Build date | 1875-1880 |
Total produced | 11 |
Specifications | |
Configuration | 4-4-0T "American" |
Gauge | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge |
Leading wheel diameter | 27 in (686 mm) |
Driver diameter | 48 in (1,220 mm) |
Wheelbase |
16 ft 9 1⁄2 in (5.118 m) total 6 ft 6 in (1.981 m) drivers 4 ft 8 in (1.422 m) bogie |
Length | 26 ft 11 1⁄2 in (8.217 m) over couplers |
Height | 12 ft (3.658 m) |
Axle load | 8 LT 2 cwt (8.2 t) on rear driver |
Weight on drivers | 15 LT 6 cwt 3 qtr (15.6 t) |
Locomotive weight | 22 LT 7 cwt 1 qtr (22.7 t) w/o |
Fuel type | Coal |
Fuel capacity | 15 long hundredweight (0.8 t) |
Water capacity | 450 imp gal (2,000 l; 540 US gal) engine |
Tender capacity | 900 imp gal (4,100 l; 1,100 US gal) |
Boiler |
9 ft (2.743 m) length inside 6 ft (1.829 m) pitch |
Boiler pressure | 130 psi (900 kPa) |
Heating surface: – Tubes | 500 sq ft (46.452 m2) |
– Firebox | 46 sq ft (4.3 m2) |
– Total | 546 sq ft (50.7 m2) |
Cylinders | Two |
Cylinder size |
13 in (330 mm) bore 18 in (457 mm) stroke |
Valve gear | Stephenson |
Performance figures | |
Tractive effort | 6,180 lbf (27 kN) at 75% pressure |
Career | |
Operator(s) |
Cape Government Railways Metropolitan & Suburban Railway South African Railways |
Class | CGR 1st Class |
Number in class | 11 |
Number(s) | W3-W6, M11-M13, M40-M43 |
Delivered | 1875-1880 |
First run | 1875 [1][2] |
The CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T of 1875 is a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape Colony.
In 1875 the Cape Government Railways placed seven 1st Class tank locomotives with a 4-4-0 American type wheel arrangement in service on its Cape Western and Cape Midland systems. Four more entered service in 1880, but these were delivered as tank-and-tender locomotives with optional water tenders.[1]
Manufacturers
Seven 4-4-0 side-tank locomotives were built for the Cape Government Railways (CGR) by Robert Stephenson and Company in 1875, numbered in the range from W3 to W6 in the Cape Western system’s number range and M11 to M13 in the Cape Midland system’s number range.[1][2]
Since they were found to be fast and reliable engines, four more were delivered in 1880, built by Neilson and Company and numbered in the range from M40 to M43 in the Cape Midland system’s number range. They were practically identical to the previous seven, but sported some minor improvements and were built as tank-and-tender locomotives, equipped with small optional four-wheeled water tenders with a capacity of 900 imperial gallons (4,100 litres; 1,100 US gallons). They were all designated 1st Class when a locomotive classification system was introduced by the CGR.[1]
Service
Cape Government Railways
![](../I/m/Cape_1st_Class_(4-4-0T)_1875_no._6.jpg)
In service the locomotives were operated with or without the tenders as circumstances demanded. In practice they were used in the tank engine configuration while performing shunting work and in the tank-and-tender configuration when an increased coal and water supply was required while working over longer distances. Since the tender had no coal bunker, bags of additional coal were often carried on top of the tender.[1]
Metropolitan & Suburban Railway
When the Green and Seapoint Company was established in 1887 with the object to construct a suburban railway line to Sea Point in Cape Town, two of these locomotives, no. 3 and 4 (W3 and W4), were acquired from the CGR for use as construction engines. When, following two bankruptcies, the line was eventually opened in September 1892 by a third company, the Metropolitan and Suburban Railway Company, they were employed as passenger locomotives. The line was not financially viable, however, and the Metropolitan and Suburban also went into liquidation on 19 July 1898. The railway and its operations were eventually taken over by the Cape government and the Sea Point line was re-opened by the CGR in December 1905.[1][2][3]
Nyasaland Railways
According to some sources two of these locomotives, one from each batch with numbers 413 and 441 (M13 and M41), were sold to the Nyasaland Railways at some stage.[1][4]
Serious doubt exists, however, that these engines ever went to Nyasaland, since no evidence of such a sale has come to light and since both locomotives are referred to in the South African Railways (SAR) renumbering and classification lists of 1912.[2][5]
South African Railways
The Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, in terms of the South Africa Act. One of the clauses in the Act required that the three Colonial Government railways, the CGR, the Natal Government Railways and the Central South African Railways, also be united under one single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. While the SAR came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways required careful planning and was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.[3][5]
By 1904 five of the locomotives were scrapped or sold and by 1912 the only survivors were the two locomotives that had allegedly earlier been sold to Nyasaland and that, at the time, were both found to be rostered at Uitenhage on the Midland system. They were considered obsolete by the SAR and were excluded from the classification schedules, but were renumbered by having the numeral 0 prefixed to their existing numbers.[2][5]
Renumbering
All these locomotives were renumbered at least once, whenever the CGR adopted a new numbering system. By 1886 the system prefixes had been dropped, with the W omitted from the locomotive numbers on the Western System and the M replaced by the numeral 1 on the Midland. Further renumbering was applied to the Midland locomotives by 1890 and again by 1896, when first the leading numeral 1 was replaced by the numeral 2 by 1890 and the leading numeral 2 was in turn replaced by the numeral 4 by 1896.[1][2]
The builders, works numbers, year built, configuration, original numbers and renumberings of the Cape 1st Class of 1875 are shown in the table.[1][2][5]
Builder |
Works no. |
Year built |
Config. |
Orig. no. |
1886 no. |
1890 no. |
1896 no. |
1904 no. |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stephenson | 2224 | 1875 | 4-4-0T | W3 | 3 | Sold to M&S 1887 | |||
Stephenson | 2225 | 1875 | 4-4-0T | W4 | 4 | Sold to M&S 1887 | |||
Stephenson | 2226 | 1875 | 4-4-0T | W5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | Scrapped 1898 | |
Stephenson | 2227 | 1875 | 4-4-0T | W6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | Scrapped by 1911 |
Stephenson | 2228 | 1875 | 4-4-0T | M11 | 111 | 211 | 411 | 411 | Scrapped by 1911 |
Stephenson | 2229 | 1875 | 4-4-0T | M12 | 112 | 212 | 412 | 412 | Scrapped by 1911 |
Stephenson | 2230 | 1875 | 4-4-0T | M13 | 113 | 213 | 413 | 413 | SAR 0413 |
Neilson | 2553 | 1880 | 4-4-0TT | M40 | 140 | 240 | 440 | Scrapped by 1904 | |
Neilson | 2554 | 1880 | 4-4-0TT | M41 | 141 | 241 | 441 | 441 | SAR 0441 |
Neilson | 2555 | 1880 | 4-4-0TT | M42 | 142 | 242 | 442 | Scrapped by 1904 | |
Neilson | 2556 | 1880 | 4-4-0TT | M43 | 143 | 243 | 443 | 443 | Scrapped by 1911 |
See also
- CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879
- CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881
- List of South African locomotive classes
- South African locomotive history
- The 4-4-0 "American"
References
|
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 1: 1859-1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 25–26, 76–77. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 C.G.R. Numbering Revised, Article by Dave Littley, SA Rail May–June 1993, pp. 94-95.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 The South African Railways - Historical Survey. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, pp. 24-25.
- ↑ Dulez, Jean A. (2012). Railways of Southern Africa 150 Years (Commemorating One Hundred and Fifty Years of Railways on the Sub-Continent - Complete Motive Power Classifications and Famous Trains - 1860-2011) (1st ed.). Garden View, Johannesburg, South Africa: Vidrail Productions. p. 36. ISBN 9 780620 512282.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Pretoria, January 1912, p. 2. (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)