CACNG2
Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 2, also known as CACNG2 or stargazin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNG2 gene.[1]
Function
L-type calcium channels are composed of five subunits. The protein encoded by this gene represents one of these subunits, gamma, and is one of several gamma subunit proteins. It is an integral membrane protein that is thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactive (closed) state. This protein is similar to the mouse stargazin protein, mutations in which having been associated with absence seizures, also known as petit-mal or spike-wave seizures. This gene is a member of the neuronal calcium channel gamma subunit gene subfamily of the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family.[1]
Stargazin is involved in the transportation of AMPA receptors to the synaptic membrane, and the regulation of their receptor rate constants — via its extracellular domain — once it is there. As it is highly expressed throughout the cerebral cortex, it is likely to have an important role in learning within these areas, due to the importance of AMPA receptors in LTP.
Interactions
CACNG2 has been shown to interact with GRIA4[2] and DLG4.,[2][3] MAGI2 [4]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: CACNG2 calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 2".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chen, L; Chetkovich D M; Petralia R S; Sweeney N T; Kawasaki Y; Wenthold R J; Bredt D S; Nicoll R A (2000). "Stargazin regulates synaptic targeting of AMPA receptors by two distinct mechanisms". Nature (England) 408 (6815): 936–43. doi:10.1038/35050030. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11140673.
- ↑ Choi, Jeonghoon; Ko Jaewon; Park Eunhye; Lee Jae-Ran; Yoon Jiyoung; Lim Sangmi; Kim Eunjoon (Apr 2002). "Phosphorylation of stargazin by protein kinase A regulates its interaction with PSD-95". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (14): 12359–63. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200528200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11805122.
- ↑ Deng, F. and Price, M.G. and Davis, C.F. and Mori, M. and Burgess, D.L (2006). "Stargazin and other transmembrane AMPA receptor regulating proteins interact with synaptic scaffolding protein MAGI-2 in brain". Journal of Neuroscience 26 (30): 7875–84. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1851-06.2006. PMID 16870733.
Further reading
- Powers PA, Liu S, Hogan K, Gregg RG (1993). "Molecular characterization of the gene encoding the gamma subunit of the human skeletal muscle 1,4-dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channel (CACNLG), cDNA sequence, gene structure, and chromosomal location". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (13): 9275–9. PMID 8387489.
- Black JL, Lennon VA (1999). "Identification and cloning of putative human neuronal voltage-gated calcium channel gamma-2 and gamma-3 subunits: neurologic implications". Mayo Clin. Proc. 74 (4): 357–61. doi:10.4065/74.4.357. PMID 10221464.
- Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA et al. (1999). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature 402 (6761): 489–95. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID 10591208.
- Burgess DL, Matsuura T, Ashizawa T, Noebels JL (2000). "Genetic localization of the Ca2+ channel gene CACNG2 near SCA10 on chromosome 22q13". Epilepsia 41 (1): 24–7. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb01500.x. PMID 10643919.
- Chen L, Chetkovich DM, Petralia RS et al. (2001). "Stargazin regulates synaptic targeting of AMPA receptors by two distinct mechanisms". Nature 408 (6815): 936–43. doi:10.1038/35050030. PMID 11140673.
- Burgess DL, Gefrides LA, Foreman PJ, Noebels JL (2001). "A cluster of three novel Ca2+ channel gamma subunit genes on chromosome 19q13.4: evolution and expression profile of the gamma subunit gene family". Genomics 71 (3): 339–50. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6440. PMID 11170751.
- Choi J, Ko J, Park E et al. (2002). "Phosphorylation of stargazin by protein kinase A regulates its interaction with PSD-95". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (14): 12359–63. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200528200. PMID 11805122.
- Schnell E, Sizemore M, Karimzadegan S et al. (2002). "Direct interactions between PSD-95 and stargazin control synaptic AMPA receptor number". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (21): 13902–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.172511199. PMC 129795. PMID 12359873.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Moss FJ, Dolphin AC, Clare JJ (2004). "Human neuronal stargazin-like proteins, gamma2, gamma3 and gamma4; an investigation of their specific localization in human brain and their influence on CaV2.1 voltage-dependent calcium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes". BMC neuroscience 4: 23. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-4-23. PMC 270087. PMID 14505496.
- Tomita S, Fukata M, Nicoll RA, Bredt DS (2004). "Dynamic interaction of stargazin-like TARPs with cycling AMPA receptors at synapses". Science 303 (5663): 1508–11. doi:10.1126/science.1090262. PMID 15001777.
- Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA et al. (2005). "A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome". Genome Biol. 5 (10): R84. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84. PMC 545604. PMID 15461802.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Yamazaki M, Ohno-Shosaku T, Fukaya M et al. (2005). "A novel action of stargazin as an enhancer of AMPA receptor activity". Neurosci. Res. 50 (4): 369–74. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2004.10.002. PMID 15567474.
- Priel A, Kolleker A, Ayalon G et al. (2006). "Stargazin reduces desensitization and slows deactivation of the AMPA-type glutamate receptors". J. Neurosci. 25 (10): 2682–6. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4834-04.2005. PMID 15758178.
- Stiffler MA, Grantcharova VP, Sevecka M, MacBeath G (2007). "Uncovering quantitative protein interaction networks for mouse PDZ domains using protein microarrays". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (17): 5913–22. doi:10.1021/ja060943h. PMC 2533859. PMID 16637659.
- Bedoukian MA, Weeks AM, Partin KM (2006). "Different domains of the AMPA receptor direct stargazin-mediated trafficking and stargazin-mediated modulation of kinetics". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (33): 23908–21. doi:10.1074/jbc.M600679200. PMID 16793768.
- Körber C, Werner M, Hoffmann J et al. (2007). "Stargazin interaction with alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors is critically dependent on the amino acid at the narrow constriction of the ion channel". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (26): 18758–66. doi:10.1074/jbc.M611182200. PMID 17483093.
External links
- CACNG2 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- CACNG2 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- CACNG2 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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