Bushong

Bushong / Boschung
Family name

Flag of Switzerland
Meaning "forest descendants"
Region of origin Switzerland and Palatinate
Language(s) of origin German / Swiss German
Related names Bushon

Bushong (Swiss German: Boschung), is a surname found mostly in the United States and as Boschung it is found mainly in Switzerland but also in the Palatinate and other regions in Europe.

Surname history

The American surname, Bushong and variant Bushon, prior to being anglicized, was the German-Swiss name, Boschung. The spelling was changed after immigration to Colonial America. The immigrants, Hans and Johann Nicholas both arrived as Boschung, Hans in 1731 and Johann Nicholas in 1732. The original ships manifests and transcriptions list them as Boschung, but the spelling was changed in their American lives.[1][2] Hans and Johann Nicholas through his son, Andreas and their descendants show civic records as well as tombstones with their name spelled Bushong.[3]

The origin and meaning of the Bushong surname

One favored theory is the surname is based on two syllables, Bosch and ung. The prefix, Bosch, is considered a Germanic topographical name, derived from the Latin word, boscus which translates to wood, as in forest.[4][5][6][7] Subsequently, the patronymic suffix ung was added to the original name and means descendants of (the Bosch).[8] It has been theorized that the reason to differentiate from an original Bosch family, with the addition of the suffix, was that there had been a large well established Bosch family. The patronymic suffix identified them as having separated by proximity from the original family.[9] In other words, the families who moved away were not the Bosch, they were the Boschung. All occurring as surnames were beginning to be the accepted practice.[10]

Origination of the Bushong family

The Boschung name is first noted in the 1520s in Jaun, Fribourg, Switzerland and in the 1530s a few miles away in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland.[nb 1] They were Deutschschweizer or German-speaking Swiss who while originating in Switzerland, spoke a Swiss German dialect. The German Swiss are descended from the Germanic Tribes known as the Alemanni. In the Protestant canton of Bern, where the also Protestant immigrant Boschungs are believed to have originated, the dialect used is called Bärndütsch which translates to Bernese German. The Bushong family's German language influence is also illustrated in documents and on tombstones.[12] The ancestry and heritage of the Deutschschweiz is German for centuries back.

Colonial period immigration to the United States

Hans Boschung signature 1731, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Hans Boschung signature 1731, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Johann Nicholas Boschung's signature from the 1732 Oath of Allegiance.
Johann Nicholas Boschung's signature on the 1732 Oath of Allegiance.

For the vast majority, the Bushong Family of America descend from two immigrants, Hans Boschung and Johann Nicholas Boschung.[13][14][15] The two, as shown by DNA tests, are most likely brothers.see DNA Study Hans and Johann Nicholas Boschung arrived in port of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1731 and 1732 respectively.[1][2] They were Protestants of the Reformed Swiss sect, who left Switzerland and spent some years in the Palatinate.[nb 2]

Copy of the "John and William" ships manifest.
The 1732 pink John and William ship's manifest from its arrival in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Copy of the 1732 Oath of Allegiance.
The 1732 Oath of Allegiance signed by the pink John and William adult male immigrants.

Hans Boschung immigrated with his family on the ship Brittania and qualified for entry to the Colonies September 21, 1731. They were listed, Barbara age 37, and their children, Magdelen age 11, Hans Phillip age 9, Ana Barbara age 6, Christiana age 3.[1]

Johann Nicholas Boschung immigrated with his family on the ill fated voyage of the pink John and William and qualified for entry to the Colonies October 17, 1732.[nb 3] Listed on the manifest as Paschun, with his wife, Magdalena (over 16) and their children, Hendrich, Eve, Andreas, Maria.[2]

The Bushongs originally settled in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where they were members of the Salem Hellers Reformed Church. [1][16][nb 4] Today descendants who can trace their ancestry back to Hans and Johann Nicholas Bushong number in the thousands.[15]

Post-colonial immigration to the United States

Ellis Island in 1905
Ellis Island in 1905

There are a few other family lines with the Bushong surname in America. Some are descended from French Catholics who immigrated from Nova Scotia, Canada to the United States in the 19th and 20th century while others are descended from slaves of the Bushong's prior to the American Civil War.[19][nb 5] There also appear to be a few different lines of European Bushongs. These families immigrated to the United States in the mid to late 19th century from what was a war torn central Europe and took the Bushong name. But with about 1.2 million other mostly Germans immigrants, there was at least one Greek Bushong.[nb 6] Their surnames all had various original spellings, Bushing, Busching, Buchen, Bushan, and others. During this period the most common immigration destination in the United States was New York, through Ellis Island.

DNA study

In late 2011 and early 2012 six Bushong descendants, four for Hans and two for Johann Nicholas' son, Andreas participated in a genealogical test at Family Tree DNA. Their Y-DNA samples were examined using a 37 Genetic marker test. When the results were revealed, it was found that their ancestry was from the R1a1a Haplogroup and that except for predictable mutations participants' DNA was a 37 for 37 marker match to each other. From this it was concluded that they all originate from a mutual common ancestor. Family Tree DNA's analysis...

"Your perfect match means you share a common male ancestor with a person who shares your surname (or variant). Your relatedness is extremely close with the common ancestor predicted, 90% of the time, in 5 generations or less and over a 95% probability within 8 generations." [20]

As the test participants were all between 8 and 10 generations removed from a potential Most recent common ancestor (MRCA) - the father of Hans and Andreas, by a probability of 95% was indicated as the MRCA.[21] When that probability is combined with existing Bushong genealogy, the findings are said to have very high confidence levels.[20] Inversely speaking there is a 5% chance their fathers are different.

The controversy

These conclusions are not universally accepted and there are some who do not believe Family Tree DNA's findings indicate that Hans and Johann Nicholas are that closely related.

Descendant Bushong lines

Some common Bushong myths

Over the years several myths have been created and perpetuated about the Colonial immigrant Bushongs. For instance, that the American Bushongs descend from Beauchamp, the Bushong Coat of Arms, and that multiple Bushongs immigrated to America in the Colonial Period....

The colonial immigrant Bushongs descend from Beauchamp

In the beginning of the 20th century, it was thought that Colonial Bushongs descended from the French Beauchamps and that the name was originally spelled that way. It is not certain exactly when the myth originated, but in 1900 Oscar Kuhns published The Germans and Swiss settlements of colonial Pennsylvania: a study of the so-called Pennsylvania Dutch. In it he stated the Bushongs were French Huguenots and their name was originally Beauchamp...

"These German names almost all came from the Palatinate and Switzerland. Even today we can trace the Swiss origin of many-for instance, Urner (from Uri), Johns (Tschantz), Neagley (Naegeli), Bossler (Baseler). Some are of French Huguenot origin, which by combined German and English influence have often received a not very elegant or euphonious form: examples are Lemon (Le Mon), Bushong (Beauchamp)".

Rev. A. Stapleton published this book in 1901- "Memorials of the Huguenots in America, with special reference to their emigration to Pennsylvania"

"Beauchamp, — In 1731 arrived; Beauchamp and wife Barbara, the head of the "Bushong" family, now so numorous in America. He located in East Lampeter, near the Heller Church. He was born in France in 1692. His son Jacob located in Berks

county and was the head of the Bushong family of Berks county, while another son, Peter, emigrated to the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, and founded the Southern branch."

Common myths - The Myths of Unicorns
Common myths -The Myths of Unicorns

It is not known, but possibly the French Catholic Bushongs found in Nova Scotia, Canada in the beginning of the 19th century were originally descendants of the French Beauchamp and possibly they were the foundation of the Bushongs were Beauchamps myth.

The Bushong coat of arms

Though there is evidence a Bushong coat of arms existed, it was most likely created during the Feudal Period by French or Norman Bushong ancestors, possibly in England - not by the ancestors of Boschung. The Boschung surname has no coat of arms associated with it, because the name came into existence after the age of Feudalism ended. The closest surname that could be associated to Boschung with a coat of arms would be Bosch, who they may descend from. But though there are several Bosch families from Germany, with different coat of arms, none has yet been found for the Bosch in Switzerland.

Multiple lines of colonial Bushongs immigrated

One theory fostered by some, was that there were numerous different lines of Bushongs entering Colonial America, some with different spellings. To date there is no evidence to support this theory and to the contrary, thousands of Bushong descendants are listed as descendants of Hans Boschung and Johann Nicholas Boschung's son, Andreas. With a charting project for the entire Bushong 1930 United States Census completed and most identified, it makes multiple lines that much more improbable.[22]

Bosang descend from Bushong

This myth was first mentioned in the late 1980s or early 1990s by several Bushong researchers, who perceived a similarity between the surnames Bosang and Bushong. It was suggested that David Bosang, whose name was spelled Bosseng before it was Anglicized, had been a Bushong in Europe prior to leaving. Though lacking any European documentation, the myth gained a degree of legitimacy through repeated publishing of Bosang's United States documentation mixed with the Bushong name. In 2012, a DNA test was performed on a direct male descendant of David Bosang and the result showed no relationship with the two Colonial immigrant Bushongs. The Bosang family were shown to be of a completely different Haplogroup, R1b1a2 than Bushong R1a1a. The two different groups separated during the ice age, approximately 30,000 years and as many as a thousand generations earlier.[23] It is probable that Bosseng is a variant spelling of the surname Bossong.

Some notable people, places, and businesses

People

Places

Businesses

Notes

  1. ↑ Johann Boschung was born about 1525 in Jaun, Fribourg, Switzerland. Barthlome Boschung was born about 1533 and baptized in Saanen, Bern, Switzerland. Both are charted in the Bushong United Family Tree.[11]
  2. ↑ In 1731, the Reformed Church of Holland and the Synod of Dort helped to facilitate the passengers of the Brittania, and visited them as a body.
    "While the Synod of South Holland was in session in Dort, 1731, eight hundred exiled Palatines passed through the place to take ship at Rotterdam for America. They were visited by the whole Synod in a body and were furnished with provisions and medicines. After Christian exhortation, prayer and singing, they were dismissed with the assurance that they might rely upon the Church of Holland for support in their new abode."-- Ger. Ref. Almanac p. 22 for 1865.[1]
  3. ↑ The voyage in 1732, was apparently Ships Master, Captain Tymperton and the John and William's only crossing. During the voyage, 44 passengers perished and with many sick, it ended in mutiny delaying their arrival. It is also possible that on the voyage, Johann Nicholas' son by the same name, born 1727 in Germany, was one of those who died.
  4. ↑ The Bushongs were members of the First Reformed Church, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Also sailing with the Boschungs on the Brittania was a Johannes Batholomay Rieger. His name, on the ship's manifest, is followed with, the old German Hochteutscher Prediger which translated means high German preacher. In Lancaster County, Rev. Rieger became a well known Reformed minister in several area churches, including the Salem Hellers Reformed Church.[2][17][18]
  5. ↑ Find these Bushongs and others in the Bushong United Family Tree [11]
  6. ↑ Samuel Theodore Bushong, from Greece, changed his name to Bushong from Bozinakis. He was the founder of the Bushong Candy Company, Wichita, Kansas.[11]
  7. ↑ Jenette Young is descended from the Clan Lamont of Scotland.[11]

References

Further reading

  1. I. Daniel Rupp, A Collection of Upwards of Thirty Thousand Names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania 2nd Edition, Copyright 1898
  2. Wikipedia Swiss Folklore
  3. Find Most Bushongs in the Bushong United Family Tree