Bunocephalus
| Bunocephalus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bunocephalus verrucosus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Aspredinidae |
| Subfamily: | Bunocephalinae |
| Genus: | Bunocephalus Kner, 1855 |
| Type species | |
| Platystacus verrucosus Walbaum, 1792 | |
| Synonyms | |
Bunocephalus is a genus of banjo catfishes from South America.
Taxonomy
Bunocephalus currently contains 10 species:[1]
- Bunocephalus aleuropsis Cope, 1870
- Bunocephalus amaurus C. H. Eigenmann, 1912 (Camouflaged catfish)
- Bunocephalus chamaizelus C. H. Eigenmann, 1912
- Bunocephalus colombianus C. H. Eigenmann, 1912
- Bunocephalus coracoideus (Cope, 1874)
- Bunocephalus doriae Boulenger, 1902
- Bunocephalus erondinae A. R. Cardoso, 2010
- Bunocephalus knerii Steindachner, 1882 (Ecuador banjo catfish)
- Bunocephalus larai R. Ihering (pt), 1930
- Bunocephalus verrucosus (Walbaum, 1792) (Gnarled catfish)
The removal of Pseudobunocephalus from Bunocephalus was an attempt to make it monophyletic.[2] Even in this reduced state, Bunocephalus is still the largest genus in the Aspredinidae.[2]
Distribution
Bunocephalus is the most widely distributed aspredinid genus. It is found in Magdalena, Orinoco, Amazon, Paraguay-Paraná, and São Francisco Rivers. It is also the only aspredinid genus found west of the Andes, found in the Atrato, San Juan, and Patía Rivers.[2]
Description
Bunocephalus is part of the family Aspredinidae, known as banjo catfishes for their large, flattened heads and slender tails that give the appearance of a banjo. Most species exhibit cryptic coloration, and the same holds true among Bunocephalus species. The skin is completely keratinized and is covered by large, unculiferous tubercles.[2] Bunocephalus species may reach up to 12 centimetres (5 in) SL.[2]
In the aquarium
B. coracoideus is the most common species of banjo catfish found in the aquarium fishkeeping hobby.[3][4] These fish are nocturnal.[5] This species is peaceful and a good idea for a community aquarium.[4] These fish may be kept with sand to allow them to bury themselves or with a flat rock to hide underneath.[4] Reproduction has been accomplished in the home aquarium. These fish can be easily sexed because females are much fatter and fuller than males. The mating pair should be conditioned on live foods for at least a month.[5] Spawning is induced by a larger water change; the pair will spawn within two days.[5] Spawning occurs at night.[4] Some sources say they spawn under a fallen leaf or on a large rock, incubating their eggs by sitting on them, while others list them as egg-scatterers.[5][4]
External links
- Friel, John P. (2000-04-14). "'Pseudobunocephalus' new genus". Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
References
- ↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). Species of Bunocephalus in FishBase. December 2011 version.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Friel, John Patrick (1994-12-13). "A Phylogenetic Study of the Neotropical Banjo Catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Aspredinidae)" (PDF). Duke University, Durham, NC. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
- ↑ Friel, John P. (2000-04-14). "Bunocephalus Kner 1855". Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "PlanetCatfish::Catfish of the Month::June 1997". PlanetCatfish.com. 2006-06-24. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Axelrod, Herbert R.; Emmens, C.; Burgess, W.; Pronek, N. (1996). Exotic Tropical Fishes. T.F.H. Publications. ISBN 0-87666-543-1.