Buccal administration

Buccal administration refers to a topical route of administration by which drugs diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream. Compared with oral administration, buccal administration may provide better bioavailability of some drugs and a more rapid onset of action because the medication does not pass through the digestive system and thereby avoids first pass metabolism.[1]

As of May 2014, buccal forms of the psychiatric drug, asenapine; the opioid drugs buprenorphine, naloxone, and fentanyl; the cardiovascular drug nitroglycerin; the nausea medication Prochlorperazine; the hormone replacement therapy testosterone, and nicotine as a smoking cessation aid, were commercially available in buccal forms, [1] as was midazolam, an anticonvulsant, used to treat acute epileptic seizures.[2]

Buccal administration of vaccines has been studied, but there are challenges to this approach due to immune tolerance mechanisms that prevent the body from over-reacting to immunogens encountered in the course of daily life.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sattar M, Sayed OM, Lane ME. Oral transmucosal drug delivery--current status and future prospects. Int J Pharm. 2014 Aug 25;471(1-2):498-506. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.043. PMID 24879936
  2. ↑ Brigo F, et al. Nonintravenous midazolam versus intravenous or rectal diazepam for the treatment of early status epilepticus: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav. 2015 Mar 25. pii: S1525-5050(15)00090-6. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.02.030. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PMID 25817929
  3. ↑ Kraan H, et al. Buccal and sublingual vaccine delivery. J Control Release. 2014 Sep 28;190:580-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.060. Epub 2014 Jun 6. Review. PMID 24911355

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