Bruce Laingen
| Bruce Laingen | |
|---|---|
| United States Chargé d'affaires to Iran | |
| In office June 16, 1979 – November 4, 1979 (de facto) | |
| President | Jimmy Carter |
| Preceded by | William H. Sullivan (as Ambassador) |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| United States Ambassador to Malta | |
| In office January 11, 1977 – January 20, 1979 | |
| President | Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter |
| Preceded by | Robert P. Smith |
| Succeeded by | Joan M. Clark |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Lowell Bruce Laingen August 6, 1922 Minnesota, U.S. |
| Alma mater | St. Olaf College National War College University of Minnesota |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States of America |
| Service/branch |  United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1943–1946 |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
Lowell Bruce Laingen (born August 6, 1922) is an American retired diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Malta from 1977 and 1979. Laingen is best known as the most senior American official held hostage during the Iran hostage crisis, serving as the Chargé d'affaires (head of diplomatic mission) at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.[1][2][3]
Personal life and career
Laingen, born on a farm in southern Minnesota, graduated from St. Olaf College. He also studied at the National War College, and received a M.A. in International Relations from the University of Minnesota. During World War II, Laingen served in the U.S. Navy, and in 1949 he joined the U.S. Foreign Service. He served until at posts in Germany, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and was then appointed Ambassador to Malta by President Gerald Ford in 1977.[1][3]
Laingen was then sent back to Iran as the U.S. Chargé d'affaires in June 1979, after Ambassador William H. Sullivan and Chargé d'affaires Charlie Naas were relieved of their posts by President Jimmy Carter.[4] On November 4, 1979, the U.S. embassy was overrun by student protesters following the Iranian Revolution. 63 hostages were taken at the embassy, while Laingen and two others were seized at the Iranian Foreign Ministry Office. Mrs. Laingen tied a yellow ribbon about the oak at their home during the crisis.[5] Laingen and 51 hostages were released on January 20, 1981, following 444 days of captivity. Laingen remains the last American head of mission to Iran, as direct bilateral diplomatic relations between the two governments were severed following the seizure of the embassy and have not been restored.
After his ordeal, Laingen was awarded the State Department's Award for Valor along with several other recognitions. The Library of Congress holds his correspondence [6] with Joel Hettger in their manuscript division.
Laingen's next position was that of Vice President of the National Defense University, a post traditionally held by a senior diplomat. He retired from the Foreign Service in 1987 after 38 years of service.
References
General:
In-text:
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Former Iranian Hostage, Ambassador Bruce Laingen Statement: Don’t Hold Successful Diplomacy Hostage to History". Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. 2013.
- ↑ "Diplomat's In Harm's Way - Bruce Laingen". The Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Tribute to Ambassador L. Bruce Laingen -- (Senate - July 26, 2012)". Library of Congress. 2012-07-26.
- ↑ "Interview with Ambassador L. Bruce Laingen" (PDF). The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project. 1993-01-09.
- ↑ "How the Yellow Ribbon Became a National Folk Symbol".
- ↑ "Catalogue Search Results".
External links
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