Brooklyn Philharmonic

Brooklyn Philharmonic
Orchestra
Founded 1954[1]
Location Brooklyn, New York
Principal conductor Alan Pierson

The now-defunct Brooklyn Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, commonly known as the Brooklyn Philharmonic,[2] was an American orchestra based in the borough of Brooklyn, in New York City. It was called "groundbreaking"[3] and “one of the most innovative and respected symphony orchestras of modern times.”[4]

Like the London Symphony Orchestra[5] and the Orpheus Chamber Orchestra,[6] the Brooklyn Philharmonic was considered "freelance" in that its musicians were not employed full-time, but rather paid on a per-performance basis.[7] The Philharmonic long enjoyed a reputation for championing new music and for ambitious, innovative programming.[8]

In addition to performing the so-called classical “standards,” the Brooklyn Philharmonic commissioned an impressive 65 new works from living composers as well, and debuted 166 world premiers.[9]

The orchestra’s administrative offices were located in the artistic enclave of Dumbo in downtown Brooklyn.[10]

History

Although Brooklyn Philharmonic was founded in 1954,[11] Brooklyn has hosted other notable orchestras in its history. The Brooklyn Philharmonic claimed to be "one of the oldest living orchestras in the New World,"[12] but it has no organizational connection to the now-defunct Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn, with which it existed concurrently for almost thirty years.[13]

Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn

The Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn was formed in 1857[14][15] under Theodore Eisfeld, who served as its inaugural conductor until 1861. The Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn held concerts at the Athenaeum in Brooklyn Heights, then the largest concert venue in the borough, until it moved to the newly opened Brooklyn Academy of Music in 1861, where it remained until 1891.[16] The Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn was the driving force in the establishment of BAM.[17] in 1861 the orchestra was conducted once by Johann Strauss II in 1861 who is said to have impulsively snatched a violin from one of the other players to join in during The Blue Danube.[18]

After the departure of Eisfeld, Theodore Thomas served as conductor until 1891, a celebrated tenure.[19] After the departure of Thomas, the Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn no longer sponsored its own orchestra, choosing instead to sponsor the Boston Symphony at BAM, which it did from 1891 onwards and from 1895 in conjunction with the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences.[20] After the first BAM burned down on 30 November 1903, the Boston Symphony series was held at the Baptist Hall of the Pilgrim church[21] until the new BAM opened in 1908.[22] After 1938 the Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn was "almost nonexistent" and the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences continued to present the Boston Symphony by itself through the 1972-73 season,[23] although the Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn continued to sponsor modest chamber music concerts at BAM and elsewhere until the early 1980s.[13]

Brooklyn Philharmonia

Between 1941 and 1943 a new orchestra was formed called the Brooklyn Symphony Orchestra, an offshoot of the earlier Brooklyn Civic Orchestra, but it was not able to sustain itself and expired after 1943. In 1954, the Director of BAM, Julius Bloom, led the incorporation of another new orchestra known as the "Brooklyn Philharmonia" in concert with noted conductor JM & Siegfried Landau and arts impresario Marks Levin.[24] Landau gave the orchestra a focus on contemporary and infrequently performed classical music.[25]

Brooklyn Philharmonic

In 1982, the Brooklyn Philharmonia changed its name to the “Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra” while under the direction of American composer Lukas Foss, who was well-noted for his "Meet the Moderns" series, having received permission to adopt the name from the then still extant but much diminished Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn.[2] Foss’s successor, Dennis Russell Davies, expanded the orchestra’s programming to encompass festival-themed weekend programs.[26]

Robert Spano, the orchestra's next music director is credited with markedly improving the sound of the group while continuing its focus on unique programming.[27] Spano’s successor, Michael Christie, added the concept of thematic programming to the orchestra's schedule.[28] Christie's first Brooklyn Philharmonic concert as music director was in February 2006.[29] In September 2007, the Brooklyn Philharmonic announced the extension of Christie's contract with the orchestra through the 2009-2010 season, with an evergreen clause to allow for yearly renewal.[30] His contract with the Brooklyn Philharmonic expired in June 2010.[31] According to one critic, "the orchestra saw its overall quality fall off drastically under music director Michael Christie."[32] It was forced to cancel the 2010-11 season entirely for lack of money.[33]

Finally, in 2011 the Brooklyn Philharmonic announced the appointment of conductor Alan Pierson,[34] who served until 2012 and is founder of the highly regarded ensemble Alarm Will Sound.[35] Pierson is a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology[36] as well as of the Eastman School of Music.[37]

Guests Performers

Guest performers with the Brooklyn Philharmonic have, among others, included Yehudi Menuhin, Aaron Copland, Leonard Bernstein, Itzhak Perlman, Lorin Maazel, Peter Serkin, Michael Tilson Thomas, Jessye Norman, Robert Merrill, Alicia de Larrocha, James Galway, Victoria de Los Angeles, Roberta Peters, Claudio Arrau, Richard Stoltzman, Leonard Rose, Byron Janis, Laurie Anderson, Elvis Costello, Lynn Harrell, Tania León and Andre Watts.[38]

The Brooklyn Philharmonic also appeared multiple times on the television show Late Night with David Letterman.[39][40] And Brooklyn Philharmonic recordings are widely available for download on iTunes, among other places.[41][42][43][44][45][46][47]

Concert Halls

Whereas the earlier Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn was one of the principal founders of BAM, the present Brooklyn Philharmonic (then the Brooklyn Philharmonia) was in turn founded under the auspices of BAM in 1954, where it had its first home.[48] The two institutions were not legally separated until 1971,[49] although the Philharmonia/Philharmonic continued to perform at BAM. Over time the relationship between the Brooklyn Philharmonic and BAM was sufficiently intertwined that it had once again become "practically speaking a subdepartment of BAM."[50]

In 1990 this relationship was formalized to a greater degree, and the Brooklyn Philharmonic served as resident orchestra for the Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM) from then until 2005, performing frequently in BAM’s Howard Gilman Opera House with 2,109 seats as well as in the same institution’s Harvey Lichtenstein Theater with 874 seats.[51] A 1998 article in the New York Times observed, "the association with BAM has been a mixed blessing. It has helped define the orchestra's artistic personality, but it is also the root of several current problems."[52] The president of the Philharmonic's board at the time remarked, "our relationship with BAM has gone through its ups and downs. There is confusion among the public as to whether we are part of BAM, or independent, and over time we've tried closer and looser affiliations. We find that decentralization works better. But the orchestra also likes the alignment with BAM and its image of being willing to try new things."[53] Harvey Lichtenstein, then director of BAM and the driving force in the 1990 agreement, asserted, "basically, I think the institution has to stand on its own two feet, artistically, financially and administratively."[54]

The BAM residency ended in 2005, and while the Brooklyn Philharmonic did continue to perform there on occasion, for the most part it "evaporated . . to a trickle of community-oriented chamber-music events" around Brooklyn.[55] With the hiring of a new director, the Philharmonic "intends to establish enduring bases throughout the borough."[56] The Philharmonic now performs at the Brooklyn Public Library in the 189 seat Stevan Dweck Center for Contemporary Culture[57] as well as in the Brooklyn Museum in the 460 seat Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Auditorium.[58] In 2010, it was "squeezed financially out of BAM" altogether.[59] As of 2011, it has plans to focus on Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brighton Beach and Downtown Brooklyn.[60] Pierson remarked, "We really want to go back to BAM. I know the orchestra players miss it terribly."[61]

Starting in 1974 the Philharmonic began performing in Prospect Park in the summer,[62] and now performs annually at many of New York's longest running art festivals, including Celebrate Brooklyn[63] as well as at New York's largest church, Cathedral of St. John the Divine.[64] The Brooklyn Philharmonic first performed at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in 1964, just two years after the opening of 2,738 seat Philharmonic Hall (now Avery Fisher Hall).[65] The orchestra premiered in Carnegie Hall in 1973[62] and has continued to appear in Carnegie Hall’s main Isaac Stern Auditorium with 2,804 seats periodically, its most recent such concert at Carnegie having occurred in 2011.[66]

Music Directors

Alan Pierson, Artistic Director

Educational Work

The Brooklyn Philharmonic developed, financially supported and staffed some of the largest educational programs specifically aimed at financially disadvantaged children in New York.[68] The Philharmonic’s “Smart Arts Academy,”[69] to cite one example, provided free daily music, arts, dance, theater, sports, movie making, and enrichment activities to about 250 students per school annually totaling some 6,000 students from New York’s most financially challenged public schools.[70] The Philharmonic’s educational programs were supported by funds obtained by and for the orchestra.[71]

Honors and Awards

The Philharmonic garnered 21 ASCAP awards for innovative programing.[72][73]

And it was routinely reviewed by critics and journalists from the New York Times,[74] the Wall Street Journal,[75] the New York Post,[76] the Brooklyn Eagle,[77] the Brooklyn Paper[78] as well as radio stations WQXR[79] and WNYC,[80] among other media outlets.

References

  1. ↑ "Freelance Musicians Hear Mournful Coda as the Jobs Dry Up" by DANIEL J. WAKIN The New York Times, 3 December 2010
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 130. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  3. ↑ "Community Partners: Brooklyn Philharmonic". Brooklyn Academy of Music. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  4. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. xi. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  5. ↑ Pemberton, Mark. "Freelance Orchestras". Association of British Orchestras. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  6. ↑ Blumenthal, Jay. "Allegro, Volume CVIII, No. 9". Local 802 Associated Musicians of Greater New York. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  7. ↑ Bruno, Lou. "Allegro Archives, Volume CII, No. 4". Local 802 Associated Musicians of Greater New York. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  8. ↑ Kozinn, Allan (27 February 2006). "A New Director Open to Adventure and a Challenge". The New York Times Company. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  9. ↑ Schultz, Leslie. "Mark Morris Dance Group with The Brooklyn Philharmonic & The Brooklyn Interdenominational Choir". BRIC Arts Media. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  10. ↑ "55 Washington Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201". Google, Inc. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  11. ↑ "Freelance Musicians Hear Mournful Coda as the Jobs Dry Up" by DANIEL J. WAKIN The New York Times, 3 December 2010
  12. ↑
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 34, 130. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  14. ↑ Callender, James (1927). Yesterdays on Brooklyn Heights. New York: The Dorland Press. p. 198. ASIN B000868QRA.
  15. ↑ Harrison, Gabriel (1884). History of Kings County. Brooklyn: Kings County Clerk's Office. p. 1130.
  16. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 11. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  17. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 11, 17. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  18. ↑ Callender, James (1927). Yesterdays on Brooklyn Heights. New York: Dorland Press. p. 199. ASIN B000868QRA.
  19. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 1–40. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  20. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 24, 28. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  21. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 29. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  22. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 30. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  23. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 44, 51, 64. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  24. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 37–39. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  25. ↑ Dennis Hevesi (21 February 2007). "Siegfried Landau, Conductor, Dies at 85". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
  26. ↑ Allan Kozinn (6 December 1998). "High Notes and Red Ink; The Brooklyn Philharmonic Is Scaling Musical Heights. But Will It Stumble on the Bottom Line?". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 March 2008.
  27. ↑ James Barron (30 March 1999). "A Fight for Life at the Other Philharmonic". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 March 2008.
  28. ↑ Allan Kozinn (4 February 2008). "Drama in Stories Written in Sounds". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 March 2008.
  29. ↑ Daniel J. Wakin (27 February 2006). "A New Director Open to Adventure and a Challenge". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
  30. ↑ "Music Director Michael Christie Announces New Initiatives as Part of His Contract Extension" (Press release). Brooklyn Philharmonic. 25 September 2007. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
  31. ↑ Daniel J. Wakin (19 January 2011). "Brooklyn Philharmonic Hires Artistic Director and Aims for ‘New Era’". New York Times ArtsBeat. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
  32. ↑ "Alan Pierson: Making 'Brooklyn's Orchestra'" by George Grella. The Brooklyn Rail.
  33. ↑ "Alan Pierson: Making 'Brooklyn's Orchestra'" by George Grella. The Brooklyn Rail.
  34. ↑ Bishop, Marlon. "Brooklyn Philharmonic Names New Artistic Director For A New Era". WNYC Radio. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  35. ↑ DeSantis, Alison. "Alarm Will Sound About Members". Alarm Will Sound. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  36. ↑ "MIT Music Alumni". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  37. ↑ "Eastman School of Music 81st Commencement". Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  38. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 279 – 258. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  39. ↑ "Late Show with David Letterman, Season 6, Episode 63, Show #1128". CBS Interactive. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  40. ↑ Pearis, Bill. "Nellie McKay & Laurie Anderson w/ Brooklyn Philharmonic Letterman live show". Brooklyn Vegan. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  41. ↑ "Lukas Foss: Orchestral Works". Apple, Inc. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  42. ↑ "Reich: The Desert Music". Apple, Inc. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  43. ↑ "Philip Glass: Low Symphony & Heroes Symphony". Apple, Inc. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  44. ↑ "Picker & Blitzstein: Works for Piano and Orchestra". Apple, Inc. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  45. ↑ "Colin McPhee". Apple, Inc. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  46. ↑ "Lou Harrison: Seven Pastorales". Apple, Inc. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  47. ↑ "Lou Harrison: Suite from the Marriage At the Eiffel Tower". Apple, Inc. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  48. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 71–186. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  49. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 63. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  50. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 177. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  51. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 41. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  52. ↑ "High Notes and Red Ink; The Brooklyn Philharmonic Is Scaling Musical Heights. But Will It Stumble on the Bottom Line?" by Allan Kozinn. The New York Times, 6 December 1998
  53. ↑ "High Notes and Red Ink; The Brooklyn Philharmonic Is Scaling Musical Heights. But Will It Stumble on the Bottom Line?" by Allan Kozinn. The New York Times, 6 December 1998
  54. ↑ "High Notes and Red Ink; The Brooklyn Philharmonic Is Scaling Musical Heights. But Will It Stumble on the Bottom Line?" by Allan Kozinn. The New York Times, 6 December 1998
  55. ↑ "In Brooklyn, A New Leader Who Knows No Boundaries" by Steve Smith. The New York Times. 30 September 2011
  56. ↑ "In Brooklyn, A New Leader Who Knows No Boundaries" by Steve Smith. The NewYork Times. Published: 30 September 2011
  57. ↑ "One of the nation's groundbreaking music ensembles". Brooklyn Tourism and Visitors Center. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  58. ↑ Martin, Michael. "Brooklyn Philharmonic continues to go Off the Walls". Time Out New York. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  59. ↑ "Brownstone Accelerando" by Justin Davidson. New York Magazine, 21 August 2011 /
  60. ↑ "In Brooklyn, A New Leader Who Knows No Boundaries" by Steve Smith. The NewYork Times. Published: 30 September 2011
  61. ↑ "Alan Pierson: Making 'Brooklyn's Orchestra'" by George Grella. The Brooklyn Rail.
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 85. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  63. ↑ Schultz, Leslie. "Celebrate Brooklyn! 2011 Season". BRIC Arts Media. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
  64. ↑ Leytush, Arkady. "Annual Interfaith Concert of Remembrance". Cathedral of St. John the Divine. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
  65. ↑ Edwards, Maurice (2006). How Music Grew in Brooklyn: A Biography of the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 55–56. ISBN 0-8108-5666-2.
  66. ↑ "Dvořák Stabat Mater, Op. 58". Carnegie Hall Corporation. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  67. ↑ "Alarm Will Sound's Alan Pierson Named Artistic Director of Brooklyn Philharmonic". Nonesuch Records.
  68. ↑ "IS 220 John J. Pershing School Comprehensive Educational Plan". New York City Department of Education. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  69. ↑ Budny, Kathleen. "Smart Arts Academy". Smart Arts Academy. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  70. ↑ "41 Ensembles To Compete in Brooklyn Philharmonic’s Chamber Music Festival". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  71. ↑ "Brooklyn Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra Inc in Brooklyn New York". Advameg, Inc. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  72. ↑ Williams, Paul. "28th Annual ASCAP Deems Taylor Award Recipients". The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  73. ↑ Williams, Paul. "ASCAP Announces Year 2009 Orchestra Awards for "Adventurous Programming"". The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  74. ↑ Wakin, Daniel J. "Articles about the Brooklyn Philharmonic". The New York Times Company. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  75. ↑ Sandow, Greg (23 May 1997). "Brooklyn's Musical Bridge". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  76. ↑ Campbell, Andy (26 January 2011). "The Philharmonic is Finally Singing a New Tune". New York Post. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  77. ↑ "41 Ensembles To Compete in Brooklyn Philharmonic’s Chamber Music Festival". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  78. ↑ Warner, Adam. "Would you like some music with your Norman Rockwell?". The Brooklyn Paper. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  79. ↑ Parker, Graham. "American Orchestras: Endangered Species?". WNYC Radio. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  80. ↑ Bishop, Marlon. "Brooklyn Philharmonic Names New Artistic Director for a New Era". WNYC Radio. Retrieved 26 June 2011.