British firms (organized crime)

British firms is a name designated to describe organized crime groups originating in the United Kingdom.^[1]

Organized crime in the United Kingdom

In analogy with the Penose in the Netherlands and the Milieu in France, the United Kingdom has traditionally been home to homegrown organized criminal groups involved in a multitude of illegitimate businesses.^[2] The UK being a multi-ethnic society these criminal enterprises come from a variety of different ethnic background finding their origin in the UK, the most dominant of them still being the White British groups.^[3]

Outside of the indigenous British crime firms, foreign criminal gangs such as the Turkish mafia, Albanian mafia, Triads, Russian mafia, Yardies, Pakistani mafia, Indian mafia as well as Sri Lankan Tamil and Vietnamese organized crime groups operate in parts of the United Kingdom.^[4] Those criminal organizations are not described as being British crime groups since their organization itself or their main connections originated in a foreign country.

The whole of the UK is said to host some 7,500 different organized criminal groups that cost the country £100 million a day.^[5]

British crime firms

English and Scottish crime groups, as well as English crime groups of Irish and Turkish Cypriot (like Arif family) descent find their origin in tough, impoverished white working class neighborhoods. They are largely family-run organized criminal gangs involved in many illegal activities in their respective areas. Even with the influx of foreign gangsters as well as with the rise of homegrown gangs consisting of minorities, white British groups are still the major concern for law enforcement and are active in the major British urban centers.^[6] Indigenous criminal organizations are mostly centered around local extended criminal families.

London crime families

London's crime families were traditionally centered in the previously notorious East End of London, the infamous Kray twins among others.^[7] Due to the restructuring of the East End and the influx of foreigners in the area, traditional Cockney families moved to South London, parts of North London (mainly Islington) as well as areas surrounding London such as Essex and Kent. Working-class neighborhoods are often still home to family-based crime groups involved in drug trafficking, extortion, prostitution, armed robbery, contract killing, money laundering, counterfeiting and kidnapping.^[8] Some of the more notorious South London crime families include the Brindles and the Walkers,^[9] while the Arifs are the most notorious crime family from London's southeastern neighborhoods. Another well-known London crime family is the Clerkenwell crime syndicate in Islington, also known as the Adams family.

The London Cockney white working class crime families are not necessarily all of ethnic English descent, as other ethnics such as Irish and Turkish Cypriots have historically settled as well in the same Eastern London (including London's northeast and southeast) districts, have been part of the community for decades and in turn have all developed the same unique community character. Some of the more powerful crime families, such as the Brindles, are of English descent, while others such as the Adams are of very distant Irish heritage or are of distant Turkish Cypriot ancestry, as is the case with the Arifs.

London's crime families are more territorial, but can be internationally active in money laundering as well as drug trafficking, cocaine and ecstasy in particular.

Liverpudlian mafia

The Liverpudlian mafia is a colloquial term used to describe drug trafficking cartels based in the city of Liverpool. In contrast to London's crime families they are less territorial and more internationally active. The trafficking of cocaine and heroin to the British mainland as well as to countries like Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands is the main source of income for Scouse crime groups. Weapon trafficking and contract killing are activities of choice as well. Liverpudlian crime groups have forged close links with Irish criminal syndicates, as well as the Real IRA.^[10] Curtis Warren's group,the Whitney gang and Toxteth gang run by a dealer name Taj are examples of well-known Scouse criminal outfits.

The Liverpool gangs tend to be more entrepreneurial instead of territorial, where different factions will often choose to work together in several criminal activities, but will also come into conflict with each other when it comes to more localized control over organized crime.^[11] While the Liverpool mafia used to refer to the White British crime families active in the city, it has grown to include the several powerful gangs active in the Liverpudlian Black community of Toxteth. When a strategic alliance was made between several white crime families and a number of Toxteth-based gangs dubbed the Black Caucus, a number of black gangs, including one headed by Curtis Warren, grew into power and moved up from street-level crime towards the organized criminal activities the white gangs were active in.^[12]

Glasgow crime families

In analogy with London the city of Glasgow has been home to Scottish crime families involved in drug trafficking, weapon trafficking, extortion, kidnapping, scrap dealing and murder. The syndicates of Arthur Thompson or Thomas McGraw are prime examples of Glasgow crime clans. Glasgow's crime families are often involved in violent feuds, as with the vendetta between the Daniel clan and the Lyons clan.^[13]

Other examples

White British crime families operate in many other cities in the United Kingdom as well, other known centers being Newcastle upon Tyne, Nottingham and Manchester. Firms outside of the more well-known London, Liverpool and Glasgow areas include the Noonans of Manchester or the Sayers in Newcastle.^[14]

Black British street gangs, such as the Tottenham Mandem and the Cheetham Hillbillies are generally not described as being part of the traditional British crime firms, which is more associated with the White British crime families from the working class districts. Black British street gangs are nevertheless an active part of the British underworld and may have connections to the White firms, the Adams crime family as an example.^[15] The Black street gangs however often have stronger connections as well with their countries of origin, such as Jamaica and Nigeria.

The same can be said for the British Asian gangs that ,although being an integral part of UK's underworld, have stronger ties to their ancestral regions such as the Mirpur District in Pakistan, the Punjab region of India and Sri Lanka.

Organized crime groups based in the United Kingdom

• Clerkenwell crime syndicate
• Curtis Warren's Granby Crew
• McGraw firm
• Noonan firm
• Arif family
• Liverpudlian mafia
• Tottenham Mandem
• Cheetham Hillbillies
• Woolwich Boys

References