Bretherton

Bretherton

Bretherton Parish Church
Bretherton
 Bretherton shown within Lancashire
Population 655 (2001 Census)
OS grid referenceSD475205
Civil parishBretherton
DistrictChorley
Shire countyLancashire
RegionNorth West
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town LEYLAND
Postcode district PR26
Dialling code 01772
Police Lancashire
Fire Lancashire
Ambulance North West
EU Parliament North West England
UK ParliamentChorley
List of places
UK
England
Lancashire

Coordinates: 53°40′42″N 2°47′47″W / 53.678313°N 2.796266°W

Bretherton is a small village and civil parish in the Borough of Chorley, Lancashire, England, situated to the south west of Leyland and east of Tarleton. Its name suggests pre-conquest origins and its early history was closely involved with the manor house Bank Hall and the families who lived there. Bretherton remained a rural community and today is largely residential with residents travelling to nearby towns for employment.

History

Toponymy

Bretherton derives from either the Old English brothor and tun or Norse brothir and means "farmstead of the brothers". It was first recorded in documents in 1190.[1] Bretherton has been variously recorded as Bretherton in 1242, Brotherton occurs in 1292, Bertherton in 1292 and Thorp was mentioned in 1212.[2]

Manor

Bretherton, was part of the Penwortham fee and assessed as two plough-lands. It was given by the Bussels to Richard le Boteler of Amounderness, who made grants to Cockersand Abbey around 1200 and Lytham Priory. In 1242 the manor was held by six families of Richard Banastre, Walter de Hoole, Richard de Thorp, William de Brexes, Thomas de Gerstan and Simon del Pool who held the land from the Lord of Penwortham. Over time these six parts were consolidated into two moieties held by different branches of the Banastre family, the Banastres of Bank, and that of Sir Thomas Banastre. The Bank moiety remained with the Banastres until 1690 when Christopher Banastre died leaving two daughters. His eldest daughter, Anne, married Thomas Fleetwood who made the first to attempt at draining Martin Mere. Their daughter, Henrietta Maria, married Thomas Legh of Lyme Park and subsequently the manor descended to Lord Lilford.[2] This branch of the family built or rebuilt Bank Hall in the Jacobean style in 1608.[2]

The vanished hamlet of Thorp, held by a family of that name was sold to Sir Thomas Banastre. Sir Thomas's portion was owned by different families until the early 19th century when the Heskeths of Rufford acquired it. In 1880 the Heskeths sold their portion to Lord Lilford who owned the other moiety making him sole lord of the manor.[2]

Recorded in the 1666 Hearth tax, the village had 99 hearths, Bank Hall had twelve, John Sharples had eight and John Cliffe five.[2]

Governance

Bretherton was a township in the parish of Croston in the Leyland hundred.[3] It became part of the Chorley Poor Law Union, formed in 1837, which took responsibility for the administration and funding of the Poor Law and built a workhouse in that area.[4] Bretherton is part of Chorley Borough's Lostock ward and has a parish council.[5]

Bretherton is part of the Chorley parliamentary constituency, which elected Lindsay Hoyle as Member of Parliament for the Labour Party at the 2010 General Election.[6]

Geography

The township covers 2292 statute acres of flat low lying land mostly used for agriculture, The River Lostock forms a village boundary and the River Douglas and River Yarrow join before flowing into the River Ribble to the north.[7] The village is situated towards the centre of the township on slightly rising ground and Bank Hall on higher ground to the west whilst the south-west of the township is less than 25 feet above level.[2][8]

 Hesketh Bank Much Hoole Midge Hall / Leyland (Moss Side)
Tarleton Ulnes Walton
   Bretherton  
Sollom Rufford / Mawdesley Croston

Population

Population growth in Bretherton from 1881–1961
Year 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1951 1961
Population 707 785 809 774 767 797 683 597

Bretherton CP/Tn[9]

Economy

The village was almost self-supporting but changes have occurred within living memory; well-paid employment elsewhere and rationalisation of farming facilitated people moving to local urban centres, such as Leyland, Preston and Chorley. The village is now largely residential, a dormitory village with few residents engaged in agriculture or associated support industries. Many residents access services such as shops, schools, medical services, employment and leisure pursuits outside the village.

Transport

The Liverpool and Preston turnpike road of 1771, now the A59, and a branch of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal cross the west of the township.[7] The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway's Liverpool, Ormskirk and Preston Railway line passes through the north east of Bretherton but the nearest station is at Croston to the south east.

There are four minor roads in Bretherton village, North Road (B5248), South Road, Pompian Brow and Marl Cop.

Landmarks

Bank Hall

There are several listed buildings in Bretherton including several farmhouses and St John's Church.[10]

The manor house, Bank Hall, a Grade II* Listed Jacobean mansion from 1608 is nearly derelict. It was an unsuccessful contestant on the BBC 'Restoration' series in 2003.[11] The building continues to deteriorate but planning permission was granted in 2011 for its restoration and conversion to a visitor centre and housing. Bank Hall Barn a Grade II Listed Elizabethan tithe barn was restored and converted into housing in 2004.

Carr House, built in 1613 was home to the Stone family and is associated with Jeremiah Horrocks who observed the transit of Venus, it was later used as a doll museum.[2] Bank Mill, a Grade II Listed building, is a brick built and rendered, white painted windmill which has lost its sails. It was built in 1741 and has been converted to a house.[12][13]

Education

Bretherton Endowed Primary was founded as a free school by a merchant, James Fletcher in 1653. The present school has around 115 pupils on role.[14] The majority of secondary age pupils in the village attend Tarleton High School or Bishop Rawstorne CE Academy in Croston.

Religion

Congregational Church, rebuilt 1896

A record of a chapel is mentioned in a charter of 1344 but nothing else is known. The Anglican Commissioners' Church of St. John the Baptist was consecrated in 1840.[15] It is built in the Early English Gothic style. Chapels were built for Wesleyan Methodists in 1824, rebuilt in 1836 and 1883 and for Congregationalists in 1819, rebuilt in 1896.[2][7]

Community and sport

Bretherton has a cricket club founded in 1925 which enters teams in Southport and District Amateur Cricket League and plays at the South Road Ground opposite the Blue Anchor Inn.[16] The parish council maintain a recreation ground with children's play area, tennis court, football pitches and bowling green off South Road.[5]

Bank Hall Action Group formed in 1995 campaigns to save the derelict Bank Hall.[17]

In 2009 Bretherton was awarded the Lancashire's Best Kept Village (Small Village Class) Award.[5] The Bretherton Gardens Group, open their gardens as part of the National Gardens Scheme.[18][19]

Notable people

George Anthony Legh Keck owned Bank Hall and Sir Harcourt Everard Clare Clerk to Lancashire County Council, lived in the village.[20]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Mills(1998),p.53
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Farrer, William; Brownbill, J, eds. (1911), "Bretherton", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 6 (British History Online): 102–108, retrieved 15 November 2010
  3. ↑ "Croston Parish Map", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 6 (British History Online), retrieved 15 November 2010
  4. ↑ Workhouse, Workhouses.org, retrieved 15 November 2010
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Bretherton Parish Council, Bretherton Parish Council, retrieved 1 December 2010
  6. ↑ Election Results 2010, BBC, retrieved 14 February 2011
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lewis, Samuel (1848), "Bretherton", A Topographical Dictionary of England (British History Online): 357–362, retrieved 4 June 2010
  8. ↑ Bretherton Township Boundaries, GenUKI, retrieved 15 November 2010
  9. ↑ Bretherton Ch/CP  : Total Population, Vision of Britain, retrieved 15 November 2010
  10. ↑ Bretherton Listed Buildings map, Listed Buildings Online, retrieved 30 November 2010
  11. ↑ Restoration Series 1 Bretherton, BBC, retrieved 16 November 2010
  12. ↑ Bank Mill, Windmill World, retrieved 30 November 2010
  13. ↑ The Old Windmill, Listed Buildings Online, retrieved 30 November 2010
  14. ↑ Bretherton C of E School, Lancashire Grid for Learning, retrieved 15 November 2010
  15. ↑ Bretherton Church, Lancashire Churches, retrieved 15 November 2010
  16. ↑ Bretherton Cricket Club, Bretherton Cricket Club, retrieved 1 December 2010
  17. ↑ Bank Hall Action Group (2002–2010) "Bank Hall Bretherton", www.bankhall.org.uk
  18. ↑ Bretherton Gardens, National Gardens Scheme, retrieved 13 February 2011
  19. ↑ Open Gardens – Bretherton, Bretherton Parish Council, retrieved 13 February 2011
  20. ↑ John Howard, "The Bank Hall Timeline" http://bankhallbretherton.webs.com/bankhalltimeline.htm 2007

Bibliography

  • Mills, A.D. (1998), Dictionary of English Place-Names, Oxford, ISBN 0-19-280074-4

External links

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