Brazos River

Brazos River
Texas
Brazos River downstream of Possum Kingdom Lake (Palo Pinto County, Texas)
Country	United States
State	Texas


Source	Llano Estacado
Source confluence	Stonewall County, Texas
- elevation	453 m (1,486 ft)
- coordinates	33°16′07″N 100°0′37″W / 33.26861°N 100.01028°W / 33.26861; -100.01028 ^[1]
Mouth	Gulf of Mexico
- location	Brazoria County, Texas
- elevation	0 m (0 ft)
- coordinates	28°52′33″N 95°22′42″W / 28.87583°N 95.37833°W / 28.87583; -95.37833Coordinates: 28°52′33″N 95°22′42″W / 28.87583°N 95.37833°W / 28.87583; -95.37833 ^[1]

Length	1,352 km (840 mi)
Basin	116,000 km² (44,788 sq mi)
Discharge	for Rosharon, TX
- average	237.5 m³/s (8,387 cu ft/s)
- max	2,390 m³/s (84,402 cu ft/s)
- min	0.76 m³/s (27 cu ft/s)

Brazos River Watershed
Website: Handbook of Texas: Brazos River

The Brazos River(ⁱ/ˈbræzəs/ BRAZ-əs), called the Rio de los Brazos de Dios by early Spanish explorers (translated as "The River of the Arms of God") and the 11th longest river in the United States at 2,060 km (1,280 mi) from its headwater source at the head of Blackwater Draw, Curry County, New Mexico^[2] to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico with a 116,000 km² (45,000 sq mi) drainage basin.^[3]

Geography

The Brazos proper begins at the confluence of the Salt Fork and Double Mountain Fork, two tributaries of the Upper Brazos that rise on the high plains of the Llano Estacado, flowing 840 mi (1,350 km) through the center of Texas. Another major tributary of the Upper Brazos is the Clear Fork Brazos River, which passes by Abilene and joins the main river near Graham. Important tributaries of the Lower Brazos include the Bosque River, Little River, Yegua Creek, Nolan River, and the Navasota River.

Initially running east towards Dallas-Fort Worth, the Brazos turns south, passing through Waco and the Baylor University campus, further south to near Calvert, Texas then past Bryan and College Station, then through Richmond, Texas in Fort Bend County, and into the Gulf of Mexico in the marshes just south of Freeport.^[3]

The main stem of the Brazos is dammed in three places, all north of Waco, forming Possum Kingdom Lake, Lake Granbury, and Lake Whitney. Of these three, Granbury was the last to be completed, in 1969, and its proposed construction in the mid-1950s became the impetus for John Graves' book, Goodbye to a River. There is also a small municipal dam (Lake Brazos Dam) near the downstream city limit of Waco at the end of the Baylor campus, which raises the level of the river through the city to form a town lake. This impoundment of the Brazos through Waco is locally called Lake Brazos. There are nineteen major reservoirs along the Brazos.^[4]

North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River at the eastern edge of the Llano Estacado.
An often dry Salt Fork Brazos River 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Post, Texas.
Double Mountain Fork Brazos River viewed from the Texas State Highway 70 bridge, 6 mi (9.7 km) north of Rotan, Texas.
Collapsed bridge structure, Double Mountain Fork Brazos River at the site of former Rath City, Texas.
The Brazos in north Central Texas midway between Possum Kingdom and Lake Granbury.
The Brazos in southeast Central Texas west of Bryan, Texas.

History

It is unclear when it was first named by European explorers, since it was often confused with the Colorado River not far to the south, but it was certainly seen by La Salle. Later Spanish accounts call it Los Brazos de Dios (the arms of God), for which name there were several different explanations, all involving it being the first water to be found by desperately thirsty parties. In 1842, native Indian commissioner of Texas, Ethan Stroud established a trading post on this river.

Brazos River was the scene of a battle between the Texas Navy and Mexican Navy during the Texas Revolution. Texas Navy ship Independence was defeated by two Mexican vessels.

While the river was important for navigation before the American Civil War, it is primarily important today as a source of water for power and irrigation. The water is administered by the Brazos River Authority.

The river also features prominently in a number of prison songs, because at one time nearly every prison in Texas was near the Brazos.

The 2000 book, Sandbars and Sternwheelers: Steam Navigation on the Brazos by Pamela A. Puryear and Nath Winfield, Jr., with introduction by J. Milton Nance, examines the early vessels that attempted to sail on the Brazos.^[5]

Cultural references

The Brazos was a critical factor in the John Ford Film The Searchers (1956) and the Alan LeMay Novel by the same name. Mose Harper identifies the location of the camp of Chief Scar who is holding the captive child Debbie, as Seven Fingers, which a group of rangers identify as Seven Fingers of the Brazos.

John Graves' travel narrative Goodbye to a River takes place on the Brazos River.
The Brazos river is mentioned in the Old Crow Medicine Show song "Take 'em away".

The river is the setting of the American folk song "Ain't No More Cane".
The John Hiatt song "The River Knows Your Name" from the album Walk On references the Brazos river.
K.R. Wood's Fathers of Texas song "Brazos River Song" sang by Townes Van Zandt.
The Brazos River is mentioned in three Lyle Lovett songs: "Walk Through the Bottomland"; "Texas River Song" on the Step Inside This House album; and "Front Porch Song", which Lovett co-wrote with Robert Earl Keen, on Lovett's eponymous first recording.
The river is mentioned in the Dub Miller song, "Livin on Lonestar Time".
The song "There's No More Corn On The Brasos" was a hit in the 70's from the Dutch band called The Walkers.
The river is forded by "The Kid" character in Cormac McCarthy's novel Blood Meridian
The lukewarm headwaters of the Mighty Brazos River is the source of Alamo Beer in Fox Network's King of the Hill.
Billy Walker mentioned the Brazos in "Cross the Brazos at Waco"
The former boomtown and subsequent virtual ghost town of Desdemona in Eastland County, founded in 1857, was the first Texas community located west of the Brazos River.
The Brazos is the focal point of a song performed by Gov't Mule and Billy Gibbons of ZZ Top called "Broke Down on the Brazos".
The Brazos is mentioned is F L Light's drama, "A Systemic Consummation" .
A version of "Ain't No More Cane on the Brazos" sung by Rick Danko, Janis Joplin, and others, can be seen on the music documentary Festival Express
In 1980 Lester Bangs recorded the album Jook Savages on the Brazos with the Austin punk group The Delinquents.
Numerous references to the Brazos River, especially its flooding, can be found in James A. Michener's Historically based novel "Texas"
Warren Haynes and his band Government Mule wrote "Broke Down On the Brazos" released on the album "By a Thread".
In The Over-the-Hill Gang Rides Again Elderly former Texas Rangers use "Brazos" as a rallying call, with the meaning "A ranger needs help".
The song "Brazos" by Matthew E. White from 2012 is named after the river.
The song "Keep The Wolves Away" by Uncle Lucius mentions Where the muddy Brazos meets the Gulf of Mexico
The rivalry game between Texas A&M and Baylor is referred to as the Battle of the Brazos

References

↑ 1.0 1.1 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Brazos River
↑ Kammerer, J.C. (1987). "Largest Rivers in the United States". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2006-07-15.
↑ 3.0 3.1 Hendrickson, Kenneth E., Jr. (1999-02-15). "Brazos River". The Handbook of Texas Online. The General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin and the Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2006-07-22.
↑ "River Basin Map of Texas" (JPEG). Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin. 1996. Retrieved 2006-07-15.
↑ Sandbars and Sternwheelers: Steam Navigation on the Brazos. Texas A&M University Press, 2000, 168 pp., ISBN 1-58544-058-2. Retrieved October 24, 2010.

External links